Biochemistry Practice Multiple Choice Nelson
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. All organic compounds are composed primarily of
a. carbon and hydrogen
b. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
c. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
d. carbon and oxygen
____
2. What is the atomic number of an element equal to?
a. the number of protons
b. the total number of protons and neutrons
c. the mass number
d. the number of electrons
____
3. Which of these statements about isotopes is accurate?
a. Forms of elements that have different atomic masses.
b. Forms of elements that have the same number of protons, but a different number of
neutrons.
c. Forms of elements that behave exactly the same in a chemical reaction.
d. All of the above.
____
4. Which of these is an ionic compound?
a. SO2
b. CH4
c. H2O
d. NaCl
____
5. In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are
a. shared equally between atoms
b. shared unequally between atoms
c. lost by one atom
d. shared between ions
____
6. The four major types of chemical reactions that are common in biological processes are
a. combustion, hydrolysis, neutralization, and redox reactions
b. dehydration, neutralization, decomposition, and redox reactions
c. condensation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and redox reactions
d. dehydration, synthesis, neutralization, and redox reactions
____
7. What occurs during a redox reaction?
a. Electrons are transferred.
b. Molecules are joined by removing water.
c. Water is used to break apart large molecules.
d. A substance reacts with oxygen.
____
8. Which of these statements describes a property of acids and bases?
a. Bases turn blue litmus paper red.
b. Bases have a sour taste.
c. Acids and bases are able to conduct electricity.
d. Acids have a bitter taste.
____
9. Based on the pH scale shown here, how many times more acidic is lemon juice than tomatoes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
10
100
1000
10 000
____ 10. Based on the pH scale shown here, how many times more basic is oven cleaner than milk of magnesia?
a.
b.
c.
d.
10
100
1000
10 000
____ 11. What happens to a strong acid in solution?
a. It completely ionizes in solution to produce many OH– ions.
b. It completely ionizes in solution to produce many H+ ions.
c. It partially ionizes in solution to produce few OH– ions.
d. It partially ionizes in solution to produce few H+ ions.
____ 12. What substances are always produced in a neutralization reaction?
a. water and a salt
b. water and a base
c. an acid and a base
d. water and an acid
____ 13. When the concentration of H+ ions in a solution decreases, a buffer maintains the pH of a solution by
a. absorbing H+ ions
b. releasing H+ ions
c. releasing OH– ions
d. absorbing OH– ions
____ 14. Carbon is able to form the backbone of large diverse molecules because
a. it can form a variety of chain and ring structures
b. it can form four covalent bonds
c. it can form branches in up to four directions
d. all of the above
____ 15. What type of molecule contains the —OH functional group?
a. nucleic acids
b. aldehydes
c. acids
d. alcohols
____ 16. Which of these statement about functional groups is true?
a. They are ionic or non-polar.
b. They influence the physical and chemical properties of the molecule.
c. They do not participate in chemical reactions.
d. They are present in hydrocarbons.
____ 17. What happens during a dehydration reaction?
a. Water reacts with the molecule and breaks it down into smaller subunits.
b. Water is used as a reactant.
c. Water is formed and released as subunits combine
d. The components of a water molecule are added to the functional groups.
____ 18. Which monosaccharides make up sucrose?
a. glucose and fructose
b. galactose and glucose
c. two glucose molecules
d. glucose and lactose
____ 19. What is cellulose?
a. a disaccharide
b. a simple sugar
c. a monosaccharide
d. a polysaccharide
____ 20. Which statement about amylose is true?
a. It is a chain of glucose molecules joined by -1 6 glycosidic bonds.
b. It is a chain of glucose molecules joined by -1 4 glycosidic bonds.
c. It is a chain of glucose molecules joined by -1 6 glycosidic bonds.
d. It is a chain of glucose molecules joined by -1 4 glycosidic bonds.
____ 21. Cholesterol is an example of what type of lipid?
a. fat
b. steroid
c. phospholipid
d. fatty acid
____ 22. Compared to saturated fats, unsaturated fats contain less
a. oxygen
b. glycerol
c. fatty acids
d. hydrogen
____ 23. Which compound contains three fatty acids linked to glycerol?
a. phospholipid
b. monoglyceride
c. triglyceride
d. steroid
____ 24. Why are eight out of twenty amino acids considered to be essential for humans?
a. They can be obtained only in the foods we eat.
b. They are used to make polypeptides.
c. They are used to make proteins.
d. They can be synthesized by cells.
____ 25. Which characteristic is true of proteins?
a. Proteins have up to four levels of structure.
b. Proteins make up hair, antibodies, and enzymes.
c. Proteins are made of many amino acids joined together with peptide bonds.
d. All of the above.
____ 26. The diagram shows which level of structure of a protein?
a.
b.
c.
d.
secondary
quaternary
tertiary
primary
____ 27. Which statement about the structure of proteins is correct?
a. The -helix and -sheet are two common secondary structures.
b. Proteins made of two or more polypeptides have quaternary structure.
c. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids.
d. All statements are correct.
____ 28. Which of these are pyrimidines?
a. adenine and guanine
b. thymine, cytosine, and uracil
c. thymine, adenine, and cytosine
d. thymine, uracil, and guanine
____ 29. What structure is shown in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
a protein
a polysaccharide
DNA
RNA
____ 30. What are nucleic acids composed of?
a. nucleotides
b. glucose
c. amino acids
d. fatty acids
____ 31. In DNA, adenine always pairs with
a. thymine.
b. uracil.
c. cytosine.
d. guanine.
____ 32. Why did Linus Pauling win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry?
a. his work synthesizing ammonia
b. establishing the electronegativity scale of elements
c. describing the secondary structure of proteins
d. his research into the nature of chemical bonds
____ 33. Why did Linus Pauling win the Nobel Prize for Peace?
a. his efforts to ban nuclear weapons testing
b. publishing his book No More War!
c. his efforts in bringing about peace
d. contributing to the understanding of DNA
____ 34. What is Linus Pauling known for?
a. being the only person to receive two unshared Nobel prizes
b. his work on chemical bonding
c. his work on the structure of proteins
d. all of the above
____ 35. Most enzymes are
a. lipids.
b. carbohydrates.
c. acids.
d. proteins.
____ 36. How does an enzyme speed up a reaction?
a. It raises the energy barrier.
b. It releases energy.
c. It binds to a substrate.
d. It lowers the energy barrier.
____ 37. In a chemical reaction, a reactant binds to an enzyme at a region known as the
a. active site.
b. product.
c. catalyst.
d. substrate.
____ 38. According to the induced-fit model, how does an enzyme accommodate its substrate?
a. The active site alters the shape of the substrate.
b. A cofactor binds to the substrate.
c. The substrate changes its shape before entering an active site.
d. The enzyme changes its shape.
____ 39. How is an enzyme generally named?
a. The suffix "-ase" is added to the name of the substrate.
b. The suffix "-ase" is added to the name of the product.
c. The suffix "-ase" is added to the name of the cell in which it is found.
d. The suffix "-ose" is added to the name of the substrate.
____ 40. What substrate does lactase break down?
a. sucrose
b. maltose
c. lactose
d. lipids
____ 41. In what type of inhibition does the inhibitor bind to an enzyme at a site other than the active site?
a. noncompetitive inhibition
b. reversible inhibition
c. competitive inhibition
d. irreversible inhibition
____ 42. Which statement describes enzyme inhibitors?
a. They bind to the active site of an enzyme and decrease its activity.
b. They block access to the substrate and slow the rate of the reaction.
c. They change the shape of an enzyme reducing its ability to bind efficiently.
d. All of the above.
____ 43. What does an allosteric inhibitor molecule do?
a. It causes the active site of an enzyme to have a high affinity for its substrate.
b. It causes the active site of an enzyme to have a low affinity for its substrate.
c. It binds irreversibly to the active site of an enzyme.
d. It stimulates enzyme activity.
____ 44. Most enzymes have an optimal pH value of
a. 5
b. 7
c. 1.5
d. 8
____ 45. What happens to the rate of an enzyme–substrate catalyzed reaction if the temperature increases
continuously?
a. decreases and then increases rapidly
b. increases and then decreases rapidly
c. increases and then levels off
d. decreases and then levels off
____ 46. Which organelle is found in all cells?
a. plasma membrane
b. cell wall
c. nucleus
d. mitochondria
____ 47. Besides the nucleus, which organelles contain DNA?
a. ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
b. chloroplasts and Golgi bodies
c. ribosomes and chloroplasts
d. chloroplasts and mitochondria
____ 48. To enter or exit the cell, substances must pass through
a. a vacuole.
b. the plasma membrane.
c. a microtubule.
d. the cell wall.
____ 49. Which organelle does not have a membrane?
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. nucleus
d. vacuole
____ 50. Which statement is correct about the nuclear envelope?
a. It is continuous with the membrane of the ER.
b. It is made of two lipid bilayers that are folded together.
c. It contains pores that allow water and suspended substances to enter and exit the nucleus.
d. All of the above.
____ 51. Which of the following organelles is associated with the production of ribosomes?
a. nucleolus
b. vacuole
c. Golgi bodies
d. rough endoplasmic reticulum
____ 52. Which statement best describes the function of the ribosomes?
a. Ribosomes transport proteins to Golgi bodies.
b. Ribosomes modify polypeptide chains into their final forms.
c. Ribosomes transcribe DNA information into RNA.
d. Ribosomes translate RNA into polypeptide chains.
____ 53. A student is looking at the organelles of a cell through an electron microscope. One organelle has a folded
membrane that gives it the shape of a stack of pancakes. What is the organelle?
a. lysosome
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. Golgi body
d. nucleus
____ 54. Digestion occurs in a vacuole after it fuses with a
a. vesicle.
b. ribosome.
c. Golgi body.
d. lysosome.
____ 55. What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
a. to produce energy in the form of ATP
b. to make and store pigments
c. to synthesize proteins
d. to help the cell maintain its shape and size
____ 56. Which organelle attaches carbohydrates to proteins?
a. ribosome
b. mitochondrion
c. lysosome
d. Golgi body
____ 57. What role does a mitochondrion play in a cell?
a. It translates DNA into RNA.
b. It has a role in photosynthesis.
c. It manufactures lipids and proteins.
d. It is involved in cellular respiration.
____ 58. What type of plastid is colourless and stores starch?
a. cytosol
b. chromoplast
c. amyloplast
d. chloroplast
____ 59. Which statement about plastids is correct?
a. All eukaryotic cells contain plastids.
b. Amyloplasts are specialized for photosynthesis.
c. Chloroplasts are a common type of plastid in eukaryotic plant cells.
d. Chromoplasts make and store chlorophyll.
____ 60. Which part of a plant cell contains microfilaments?
a. chloroplast
b. cytoskeleton
c. nucleolus
d. plasma membrane
____ 61. What happens to the lung cells of individuals with cystic fibrosis?
a. the mucus becomes very thick
b. chlorine is not removed from the cell
c. water is retained in the lung cell
d. all of the above
____ 62. Which statement is true according to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes?
a. Membranes contain a mosaic of lipid molecules.
b. Proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.
c. Proteins are restricted to the surface of the membrane.
d. Proteins are embedded and float freely in the phospholipid bilayer.
____ 63. Which molecules are the major components of membranes?
a. phospholipids and carbohydrates
b. phospholipids and proteins
c. glycoproteins and glycolipids
d. nucleic acids and proteins
____ 64. Which statement is correct about the phospholipids in membranes?
a. A bilayer forms with the heads facing outward and the tails facing inward
b. The polar heads face inward.
c. The non-polar tails face outward.
d. The non-polar tails are hydrophilic.
____ 65. In addition to phospholipids, what two types of lipids are found in membranes?
a. fatty acids and cholesterol
b. fatty acids and sterols
c. glycolipids and cholesterol
d. glycolipids and glycoproteins
____ 66. Why does a phospholipid bilayer form in an aqueous environment?
a. the tendency of the non-polar fatty acids to aggregate together
b. the non-polar nature of the tail and the polar nature of the head
c. the attraction between phosphate groups
d. surface tension
____ 67. Which factor will increase the fluidity of the lipid bilayer?
a. decreasing the temperature
b. decreasing the number of unsaturated fatty acids
c. increasing the length of the fatty acid chains
d. increasing the number of double bonds in fatty acids
____ 68. What group of compounds influence membrane fluidity?
a. glycoproteins
b. sterols
c. proteins
d. glycolipids
____ 69. Which compounds would you expect to find in greater amounts in the cell membranes of a fish that lived in
very cold water versus a fish that lived in warmer water?
a. phospholipids
b. glycolipids
c. cholesterol
d. integral proteins
____ 70. Which function do membrane proteins have?
a. enzymes
b. transport
c. attachment
d. all of the above
____ 71. What membrane component is represented by A in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
cholesterol
integral proteins
peripheral proteins
lipid bilayer
____ 72. What membrane component is represented by B in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lipid bilayer
peripheral proteins
integral proteins
cholesterol
____ 73. What membrane component is represented by C in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
peripheral proteins
integral proteins
cholesterol
lipid bilayer
____ 74. What is the conversion factor for a nanometer?
a. 1  10–11
b. 1  10–9
c. 1  10–7
d. 1  10–6
____ 75. What challenge faces researchers as they develop nanobots for use in medicine?
a. The nanobots may be taken up by non-target cells.
b. The nanobots can cross the plasma membrane.
c. The nanobots are too small.
d. The nanobots are not stable.
____ 76. What is passive membrane transport?
a. the movement of a substance across a membrane without expending energy
b. the movement of a substance across a membrane by expending energy
c. the transport of a substance across a membrane
d. the movement of a substance across a membrane using a pump
____ 77. A substance that diffuses across a membrane tends to move
a. toward the region of high concentration.
b. away from the region of equilibrium.
c. toward the region of lower concentration.
d. away from the region of lower concentration.
____ 78. What does the graph show about the rate of diffusion?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the larger the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion
the rate depends on the size of the molecule
the smaller the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion
simple diffusion occurs at a faster rate than facilitated diffusion
____ 79. What is the ability of non-polar molecules to move across a membrane unassisted called?
a. facilitated diffusion
b. dynamic equilibrium
c. osmosis
d. simple diffusion
____ 80. How does a chloride ion move across a membrane?
a. facilitated diffusion
b. simple diffusion
c. dynamic equilibrium
d. osmosis
____ 81. What happens in osmosis?
a. Water molecules move from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water
concentration.
b. Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
c. Water molecules move from an area of low water concentration to an area of higher water
concentration.
d. Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
____ 82. A 0.9 % NaCl solution is isotonic to red blood cells. What happens if red blood cells are placed into a 0.9%
solution of NaCl?
a. They will expand, but not burst.
b. They will burst.
c. They will shrink.
d. Nothing will happen.
____ 83. If a cell has a higher concentration of salt outside the cell than inside, what will happen?
a. Water will move into the cell and the cell will swell.
b. Water will move out of the cell and the cell will swell.
c. Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink.
d. Water will move into the cell and the cell will shrink.
____ 84. What will happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
a. There will be a net movement of water out of the cell and it will shrink.
b. There is no movement of water out of or into the cell.
c. Nothing will happen to the cell.
d. There will be a net movement of water into the cell and it will swell.
____ 85. What will happen when a cell that is 75 % water is placed inside a solution that is 100 % water?
a. Nothing will happen to the cell.
b. The cell will shrink because it has less water than the solution.
c. The cell will swell because water will enter it.
d. The cell will swell because it will produce more sugar.
____ 86. What type of movement across the cell membrane requires energy?
a. active transport
b. passive transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. osmosis
____ 87. How do plants maintain a high concentration of minerals in their root cells?
a. passive transport
b. facilitated diffusion
c. active transport
d. osmosis
____ 88. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged across a lung cell membrane?
a. active transport
b. osmosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. diffusion
____ 89. Through what process is a protein carried into the cell when a vesicle pinches off inside the membrane?
a. active transport
b. exocytosis
c. endocytosis
d. diffusion
____ 90. Through what process do cells export proteins?
a. active transport
b. phagocytosis
c. endocytosis
d. exocytosis
Biochemistry Practice Multiple Choice Nelson
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Knowledge
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1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Knowledge
D
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REF:
1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Evaluation
D
PTS: 1
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1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Evaluation
B
PTS: 1
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1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Understanding
C
PTS: 1
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1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Knowledge
A
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1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of Life
Knowledge
C
PTS: 1
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B2.1
MSC: Evaluation
B
PTS: 1
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B2.1
MSC: Evaluation
C
PTS: 1
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B2.1
MSC: Understanding
B
PTS: 1
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B2.1
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A
PTS: 1
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B3.5
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B
PTS: 1
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B2.1
MSC: Understanding
D
PTS: 1
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B2.1
MSC: Knowledge
D
PTS: 1
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B3.3
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B
PTS: 1
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B3.3
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C
PTS: 1
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B2.1
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PTS: 1
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B3.2
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K/U
LOC: B2.1
K/U
LOC: B2.1
K/U
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T/I
LOC: B2.1
K/U
LOC: B2.1
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K/U
LOC: B3.5
K/U
OBJ: 1.2 Water: Life's Solvent
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OBJ: 1.2 Water: Life's Solvent
T/I
OBJ: 1.2 Water: Life's Solvent
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OBJ: 1.2 Water: Life's Solvent
K/U
OBJ: 1.2 Water: Life's Solvent
K/U
OBJ: 1.2 Water: Life's Solvent
K/U
OBJ: 1.3 The Carbon Chemistry of Life
K/U
OBJ: 1.3 The Carbon Chemistry of Life
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OBJ: 1.3 The Carbon Chemistry of Life
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OBJ: 1.3 The Carbon Chemistry of Life
A
OBJ: 1.4 Carbohydrates and Lipids
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OBJ: 1.4 Carbohydrates and Lipids
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OBJ: 1.5 Proteins and Nucleic Acids
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OBJ: 1.5 Proteins and Nucleic Acids
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OBJ: 1.5 Proteins and Nucleic Acids
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OBJ: 1.5 Proteins and Nucleic Acids
B3.2
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1.6 Biology Journal: Linus Pauling: Creativity and Controversy in Science and Society
A2.2
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1.6 Biology Journal: Linus Pauling: Creativity and Controversy in Science and Society
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1.6 Biology Journal: Linus Pauling: Creativity and Controversy in Science and Society
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OBJ: 1.7 Enzymes
B3.4
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2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
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2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
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2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
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REF:
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
T/I
OBJ: 1.7 Enzymes
K/U
OBJ: 1.7 Enzymes
K/U
OBJ: 1.7 Enzymes
T/I
OBJ: 1.7 Enzymes
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
OBJ: 2.1 Cell Structures
K/U
LOC: B3.6
K/U
LOC: B3.6
K/U
LOC: B3.6
K/U
LOC: B3.6
MSC:
65. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
66. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
67. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
68. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
69. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
70. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
71. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
72. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
73. ANS:
OBJ:
MSC:
74. ANS:
OBJ:
LOC:
75. ANS:
OBJ:
LOC:
76. ANS:
LOC:
77. ANS:
LOC:
78. ANS:
LOC:
79. ANS:
LOC:
80. ANS:
LOC:
81. ANS:
LOC:
82. ANS:
LOC:
83. ANS:
Understanding
C
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Analysis and Application
B
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Analysis and Application
D
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Understanding
B
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Understanding
C
PTS: 1
REF: A
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Analysis and Application
D
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Knowledge
B
PTS: 1
REF: C
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Knowledge
B
PTS: 1
REF: C
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Knowledge
D
PTS: 1
REF: C
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
LOC: B3.6
Knowledge
B
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
2.3 Explore Applications of Cell Biology: Nanotechnology in Medicine
A1.12
MSC: Knowledge
A
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
2.3 Explore Applications of Cell Biology: Nanotechnology in Medicine
B1.2
MSC: Understanding
A
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Knowledge
C
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Understanding
A
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Understanding
D
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Knowledge
A
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Analysis and Application
A
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Understanding
D
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
B3.6
MSC: Analysis and Application
C
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
LOC:
84. ANS:
LOC:
85. ANS:
LOC:
86. ANS:
LOC:
87. ANS:
LOC:
88. ANS:
LOC:
89. ANS:
LOC:
90. ANS:
LOC:
B3.6
A
B3.6
C
B3.6
A
B3.6
C
B3.6
D
B3.6
C
B3.6
D
B3.6
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
PTS:
MSC:
Analysis and Application
1
REF: A
Understanding
1
REF: A
Understanding
1
REF: K/U
Knowledge
1
REF: A
Analysis and Application
1
REF: A
Analysis and Application
1
REF: K/U
Knowledge
1
REF: K/U
Knowledge
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes
OBJ: 2.4 Transport across Membranes