Name _____________________________________ Period _____ Date _________________ TOC #
Bones – Read pages 40-42 CAREFULLY!!!! Use the diagram on page 41 too!
1. Explain how your bones can be strong AND lightweight.
Bones are hard due to the minerals in them: calcium and phosphorus. Bones are also lightweight because
they include spongy bone containing holes, and marrow in the center of long bones. Bones are also often
cylinders, which is a strong shape.
2. What two minerals make your bones strong?
A. calcium
B. phosphorus
3. What are the two times that new bone is formed?
A. when you break a bone
4. Label and define.
B. when you are a baby and bone grows into many
areas where there was cartilage
Part of Bone
Definition
A
Spongy bone
Bone filled with holes and red marrow at the end of long bones
B
Compact bone
Dense bone
C
Yellow bone marrow Marrow found in the center of long bones
D
Blood vessels
Tubes carrying blood from the heart to the bones
E
Red bone marrow
Marrow at the end of long bones in the spongy bone, blood cells are formed
here
F
cartilage
Flexible covering on the end of bones, work to cushion the bones during
movement
G
Periosteum
Outer covering or membrane of the bone
Fill in the blanks.
Red
Calcium
Spongy
Cartilage
Periosteum
Compact
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Marrow (3x)
Food
A bone is covered with a thin, tough membrane called the 5.)___Periosteum_____________________. It
supplies bone cells with 6.)_oxygen ___________________ and 7.)__________food_____________ using its
rich supply of blood vessels. The ends of each bone made of a substance called 8.)___cartilage_________,
which is more flexible than bone. It acts as a cushion to keep bones from rubbing against one another.
The dense part of bone is called 9.)____compact___________________ bone. The two minerals that give it its
strength are 10.)___phosphorus____________ and 11.)___calcium___________. The ends of the bones are
made up of 12.)_____spongy______________ bone, which has many spaces. These spaces are filled with
bone 13.)_____marrow_____________. Most bones contain yellow 14.)_____marrow__________, which is
made up of nerve cells, blood vessels and fat cells. New blood cells are made in the 15.)___red______ bone
16.)_______marrow______________.