Body Tissues:
Composed of specialized cells of similar structure and perform a common function
Four major types:
1. Epithelial
2. _______________________
3.Muscular
4. ________________________
___________are typically composed of all 4 types of tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Cells are tightly packed
__________external and internal body surfaces
Also ______________and _______________substances
Epithelial cells can divide to replace lost or damaged cells
Cells are _______________(lack a blood supply)
has a free surface and a ____________________membrane
Classification of epithelial tissue
Number of cell layers:
___________________epithelial tissue is one cell layer thick
___________________epithelial tissue is composed of two or more layers
Shape of the cells:
________________epithelium has flattened cells
Cuboidal epithelium has cube-shaped cells
________________epithelium has elongated cells
Squamous Epithelium (2 kinds)
1. Simple squamous epithelium
Composed of a single layer of _____________________cells
Found in areas where simple _____________________occurs
2. Stratified squamous epithelium
Has many cell ____________
Shape of deeper cells may be cuboidal or columnar
Shape of outer cells are flattened and squamous-shaped
Found in the outer portion of the __________ and in body _______________
Cuboidal Epithelium (2 kinds)
1. Simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer of ________________cells attached to a _________________membrane
Found in _____________where its function is _________________
Covers the ovaries
Lines most of the kidney tubules where it absorbs and secretes substances
2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Often only has two ___________
Mostly found lining the larger ___________of certain ____________
Columnar Epithelium (2 kinds)
1.Simple columnar epithelium
Cells are ____________than they are wide
Modified to perform particular functions
Lines digestive organs and the uterine tubes
2. Stratified columnar epithelium
Not very common
Located in parts of the ______________and in the male __________________
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Appears to have more than one layer of cells, but only has one ____________layer
Each cell touches the basement ________________
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
lines parts of the reproductive system and air passageways of the respiratory system
Transitional Epithelium
Changes in response to ________________
Located in_________________, the ureters, and part of the urethra
Allows these organs to __________________
Connective Tissue
Binds structures____________________, provides support and__________, produces blood
____________________,and stores ______________
Cells are separated by an extracellular matrix that is composed of an organic ground substance
that contains the following fibers:
__________________fibers
__________________ fibers
Reticular fibers
Fibrous Connective Tissue (2 kinds)
1. Loose (areolar) connective tissue
Cells of this tissue are mainly _________________
Contains many collagen and elastin fibers
__________________tissue is a type of loose connective tissue in which the cells
___________and store fat
2.. Dense connective tissue
Has thick bundles of collagen fibers
In dense ____________________connective tissue the bundles are parallel (as in tendons and
ligaments)
In dense _______________ connective tissue the bundles run in different directions (in the
dermis)
In reticular connective tissue the cells are called reticular cells and the matrix contains only
reticular fibers (also called lymphatic tissue)
Cartilage
Cells called _____________________are found in small chambers called lacunae
Because it is avascular, it heals slowly
Hyaline cartilage
Most common type
Contains only ______________________fibers
Found in the_________, ends of long ___________and________, and in the supporting rings of
the ____________
Elastic cartilage
Matrix contains many elastic fibers; also contains ____________fibers; more ____________than
hyaline cartilage
Found in the ________________ _____________
Fibrocartilage
Matrix contains strong _________________fibers
Absorbs shock and reduces _______________between joints
Found between the ________________and in the ___________________
Bone
Extremely hard matrix composed of mineral salts deposited around collagen fibers
Osteocytes (bone cells)
2 kinds of bone tissue:
_________________
_________________
Blood
Composed of formed elements (cells)
___________blood cells (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen
___________blood cells (leukocytes) – fight infection
___________(thrombocytes) – blood clotting
Matrix is called plasma and is not formed by the tissue cells
Muscular Tissue
1. Skeletal Muscle (______________________muscle)
Attached to ______________of the skeleton
Causes __________________of body parts
Have a _________________shape and are long
Muscle fibers (cells) have multiple, peripherally located ___________
Muscle fibers appear ____________due to the placement of actin and myosin filaments in the
fiber
2.Smooth Muscle (___________________muscle)
______________-shaped cells
Not under voluntary control (______________________)
Found in the walls of hollow ________________________(organs)
3.Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the walls of the ____________
_____________blood
Cardiac muscle cells have________________, like skeletal muscle
Is___________________, like smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centrally located nucleus
Cardiac muscle cells are bound to one another by intercalated disks
Nervous Tissue
Found in the _________________and spinal cord
Neurons (nervous tissue cells) conduct _______________
A neuron has three parts:
1.Dendrite – receives an __________________
2. Cell body – contains the ________________
3. Axon –___________________nerve impulses
Neuroglia (more numerous nervous tissue cells)
Support and ____________________neurons
Types of neuroglia found in the brain:
1.Microglia
2.Astrocytes
3.Oligodendrocytes
4. Ependymal cells
Schwann cells are neuroglia located ___________________________the brain or spinal cord
Extracellular Junctions
Junctions between cells help cells function as a tissue
Types of cell junctions:
Tight junction – plasma membrane proteins join, forming an _____________________barrier
Gap junction – plasma membrane channels join, allowing ______________to pass between the
two cells
Adhesion junction (desmosome) – adjacent plasma membranes held together by extracellular
filaments
Glands
Consists of one or more cells that produce and secrete a product
Most are composed primarily of _____________________
Exocrine glands –______________their product onto the _____________surface or into a cavity
Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete their product ________________to be transported by
the _____________________
Membranes
1. Mucous membranes
Line _________________walls of the organs and tubes that open to the outside of the body
Consist of __________________overlying a layer of loose connective tissue
Epithelium contains _____________________cells that secrete mucus
2. Serous membranes
______________________membranes line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Visceral membranes cover ________________organs
Consist of a layer of simple squamous epithelium overlying a layer of loose connective tissue
Secrete serous fluid that lubricates the membranes
Pleura – serous membranes in the __________________
Parietal pleura –______________thoracic wall

Visceral pleura – covers the ________________of the lungs
Pericardium – covers the _________________
Peritoneum – serous membranes within the _____________________

Parietal peritoneum – lines the _________________________wall

Visceral peritoneum – covers the _______________in the
abdominopelvic cavity
3. Synovial membranes
Line freely movable _____________cavities
Composed of connective tissue
Secrete synovial fluid that lubricates the ends of bones
4. Meninges
Found within the _________________________cavity
Composed entirely of ______________________tissue
Protective ____________________for the brain and spinal cord
5.Cutaneous membrane (skin)
Forms the outer covering of the ___________________
Consists of an outer portion of _________________________stratified squamous epithelium
attached to a thick layer of ___________________connective tissue