Wards ABO Blood
Typing Lab Report
Ariel Huang
Block 3B
Introduction:
The objective of this lab is to determine the blood types of each person and
see how the blood reacts to different serums—Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh.
The way in which we’ll verify the blood types of each person is by looking at
the agglutination that occurs in our experiment. Apart from understanding the
connection between agglutination and discovering blood types, we also learn
about the importance of blood typing and how crucial getting the right blood
types of each person in a hospital is. Unless a person has type AB blood—
universal donor—they would die if they received a blood transfusion from
someone who has a different blood type than them. The agglutination that
occurs in our experiment will not only help us determine the blood type of that
person, but also helps us understand the concept behind blood crossing and
the potential dangers of accidental blood transfusions.
HypothesisSince we’re trying to determine the blood types of each person, my guess is
that there will be one of each blood type—A, B, O, and AB blood and
agglutination won’t occur in type O blood since it’s a universal donor and
doesn’t have any antigens.
PART A: ABO and Rh BLOOD TYPING
Materials:
Materials needed per group
4 Blood typing slides

12 Toothpicks
Shared Materials
4 Unknown blood samples:
o Mr. Smith
o Mr. Jones
o Mr. Green
o Ms. Brown

Simulated Anti-A Serum

Simulated Anti-B Serum

Simulated Anti-Rh Serum
Procedure:
1. Label each blood typing slide on a blank piece of paper with the
following:
Slide #1: Mr. Smith
Slide #2: Mr. Jones
Slide #3: Mr. Green
Slide #4: Ms. Brown
2. Place three to four drops of Mr. Smith’s blood in each of the A, B, and
Rh wells of Slide #1
3. Place three to four drops of Mr. Jones’s blood in each of the A, B, and
Rh wells of Slide #2
4. Place three to four drops of Mr. Green’s blood in each of the A, B, and
Rh wells of Slide #3
5. Place three to four drops of Ms. Brown’s blood in each of the A, B, and
Rh wells of Slide #4
6. Place three to four drops of simulated anti-B serum in each B well on
the four slides
7. Place three to four drops of the simulated anti-Rh serum in each Rh
well on the four slides
***Make sure all the droplets are about the same size. Applies to
procedures 2-7
8. Obtain three toothpicks per blood typing slide. Stir each well with a
separate clean toothpick for about 30 seconds. To avoid splattering the
simulated blood, do not press too hard on the typing tray
9. Observe each slide and record observations in Table.
10. Wash toothpicks and slide trays after use
Steps 2-5
Step 8
Steps 6 &
Step 9
PART B: Blood Cell Count
Materials:
Materials Needed per Group
1 Microscope Slide

1 Coverslip

WARD’S Simulated Blood [Mr. Jones]

Compound Microscope
Procedure:
1. Thoroughly shake the vial of simulated blood that belongs to Mr. Jones
2. Add a small drop of Mr. Jones’s simulated blood to the microscope
slide
3. Lower the coverslip onto the slide slowly to avoid trapping air bubbles
4. Absorb excess sample from coverslip with a paper tissue
5. On low power objective, observe the slide. Find an area with the best
distribution of cells
6. Switch to 400X magnification and observe slide again
7. Count number of simulated red blood cells and record data in Table 2
8. Count number of simulated white blood cells and record data in Table 2
9. Repeat counting procedure with two other fields of view. Record data in
Table 2
10. Calculate average red blood cell count and white blood cell count and
record data in Table 2
11. Multiply the average number of red and white blood cells by the dilution
factor to determine the number of red and white blood cells per cubic
millimetre. Record value in Table 2
12. Wash coverslip and slide
Data:
Table 1
Anti-A Serum
Anti-B Serum
Slide #1
Mr. Smith
Slide #2
Mr. Jones
Very clumpy
Normal
Normal
Slide #3
Mr. Green
Slide #4
Ms. Brown
Table 2
Blood Cell
Type
White
(Blue)
Blood Type
Normal
B-
Viscous,
clumpy
Normal,
solution
thicker than
others
Sort of
clumpy
Viscous,
clumpy
AB+
Normal
Normal
Normal
O-
Cell Count
1
Red (Red)
Anti-Rh
Serum
Very clumpy
2
3
281 244 259
6
5
7
Total #
of
Cells
Average #
of Cells
Or Total/3
Dilution
Factor
784
261.3
18
6
150,00
0
5,000
300
250
200
White (Blue)
150
Red (Red)
100
50
0
Average # of Cells
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Conclusion:
0
White (Blue
Red (Red)
Total # of Cells
A+
Total # Blood
Cells per mm3 or
Avg. # of Cells x
Dilution Factor
39,195,000
30,000
Through our experiment, we’ve concluded that Mr. Jones has type B- blood,
Mr. Smith has type A+ blood, Mr. Green has type AB+ blood, and Ms. Brown
has type O- blood. From this experiment, we’ve determined that since Ms.
Brown has type O- blood, every other blood type can safely receive her
donated blood, but she can only receive type O blood from other donors.
Apart from figuring out the blood types of each ‘person’, we also applied our
knowledge or recessive and dominant traits in the punnett squares to these
blood types, for example, we can conclude that a man with a blood type of O
could not be the father of a child with type AB blood due to the fact that type
AB blood’s genotype is (IᴬIᴮ) and O blood’s genotype is ( i i ) and is recessive.
If parent 1 has type A blood (Iᴬi) and parent 2 has type B blood (Iᴮi), there is a
25% chance that their child will have type O blood, 25% chance of type A
blood (Iᴬi), 25% chance of type B blood (Iᴮi), and 25 % chance of having type
AB blood (IᴬIᴮ). Through this lab, we can learn the importance of medical
history in a hospital as a person could die if they receive a transfusion from a
donor whose blood type is different than theirs.
Evaluation:
Overall, I think we did a fairly good job on this lab, but one thing we can
improve on is efficiency. I think if we were more efficient with our time, we
could’ve done part B of the experiment—the blood cell count—twice and
compare our results. We did well on following the procedure and completing
the experiment. Another thing that I think I can improve on for my next lab is
recording data and observations because I think I could’ve added side notes
and record more observations down to support my lab.