CHAPTER 14 PHRASE RULES
14a. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech
and that does not contain both a verb and its subject.
14b. A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, the object of the preposition,
and any modifiers of that object.
14c. The noun or pronoun in a prepositional phrase is called the object of the
preposition.
14d. A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun is called an
adjective phrase.
14e. A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb is
called an adverb phrase.
14f. A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.
**Present participles end in –ing.
**Past participles usually end in –d or –ed. Other past participles
are formed irregularly.
14g. A participial phrase is used as an adjective and consists of a participle and
any complements or modifiers the participle has.
14h. A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
14i. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the
gerund has. The entire phrase is used as a noun.
14j. An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an
adverb. Most infinitives begin with to.
14k. An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or
complements the infinitive has. The entire phrase can be used as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb.
14l. An appositive is a noun or a pronoun placed beside another noun or
pronoun to identify or describe it.
14m. An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and any modifiers it has.