A&P I 2014 Exam 2a
Name____________________________________________
Multiple Choice
1) mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.
A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) phospholipids
E) salts
2) As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the
anticodon. This molecule is called
A) DNA.
B) mRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) tRNA.
E) RER.
3) The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called
A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) translation.
D) mitosis.
E) auscultation.
4) The process of forming mRNA is called
A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) translation.
D) ribolation.
E) auscultation.
5) Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of multiple ________ and ________.
A) enzymes; three types of RNA
B) enzymes; two types of RNA
C) carbohydrates; three types of DNA
D) proteins; three types of DNA
E) enzymes; three types of DNA
6) The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is
A) ATC.
B) TAG.
C) UAG.
D) AUG.
E) AUC.
7) Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be
A) edited to remove introns.
B) edited to remove exons.
C) transported into the cytoplasm.
D) edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.
E) coated with phospholipids for transport out of the nucleus.
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Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
8) Compact bone.
9) Location of the epiphyseal line.
10) Area where yellow marrow is found.
11) Epiphysis of the bone.
Match the following:
A) Diaphysis
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Chondrocytes
E) Epiphyseal plate
12) The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.
13) The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.
14) The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.
15) The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.
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16) Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.
T/F
17) An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.
18) The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.
19) The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is the parathyroid hormone.
20) Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.
21) Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.
Multiple Choice
22) Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte?
A) stem cell
B) dissolves matrix
C) mature bone cell
D) secretes organic matrix
E) immature bone cell
23) Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
A) osteocytes.
B) osteoprogenitor cells.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteoclasts.
E) osteoid cells.
24) ________ are squamous stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteomedullary cells
D) Osteoprogenitor cells
E) Osteoid cells
25) Through the action of osteoclasts,
A) new bone is formed.
B) an organic framework is formed.
C) bony matrix is dissolved.
D) osteoid is calcified.
E) fractured bones regenerate.
26) The space occupied by an osteocyte is called
A) Volkmann's canal.
B) a lacuna.
C) a trabecula.
D) a Haversian canal.
E) a canaliculus.
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27) The central canal of an osteon contains
A) bone marrow.
B) osteocytes.
C) concentric lamellae.
D) blood vessels.
E) lacunae.
28) The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called
A) osteons.
B) trabeculae.
C) concentric lamellae.
D) interstitial lamellae.
E) lacunae.
29) The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________
bone.
A) spongy
B) osteon
C) compact
D) lamellar
E) irregular
30) The structural units of mature compact bone are called
A) trabeculae.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteons.
D) canaliculi.
E) lamellae.
31) The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as
A) hardening.
B) ossification.
C) calcification.
D) osteogenesis.
E) remodeling.
32) Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?
A) roof of the skull
B) carpal bones
C) femur
D) clavicle
E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle
33) Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
A) fibrous connective-tissue model.
B) cartilage model.
C) membranous model.
D) calcified model.
E) osteoid model.
34) The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as
A) hardening.
B) ossification.
C) calcification.
D) osteogenesis.
E) remodeling.
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35) Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?
A) roof of the skull
B) carpal bones
C) femur
D) clavicle
E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle
36) Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
A) fibrous connective-tissue model.
B) cartilage model.
C) membranous model.
D) calcified model.
E) osteoid model.
Figure 6-2 Endochondral Ossification
Use Figure 6-2 to answer the following question(s):
37) Where does growth in length occur?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
38) What type of tissue occurs at #1?
A) elastic tissue
B) fibrocartilage
C) bone
D) hyaline cartilage
E) marrow tissue
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39) What process is shown at #6?
A) primary ossification
B) secondary ossification
C) length growth
D) width growth
E) fracture repair
40) Identify the structure at #4.
A) intramembranous bone
B) spongy bone
C) hyaline cartilage
D) periosteum
E) mesenchyme
Multiple Choice
41) Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
A) calcitonin.
B) thyroid hormone.
C) parathyroid hormone.
D) growth hormone.
E) testosterone.
42) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) stimulate osteoclast activity.
B) decrease the rate of calcium excretion.
C) decrease the rate of calcium absorption.
D) decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.
E) stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.
43) A fascicle is a
A) group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium.
B) layer of connective tissue that separates muscle from skin.
C) group of muscle fibers that are all part of the same motor unit.
D) group of muscle fibers and motor neurons.
E) collection of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.
44) The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers
together is the
A) endomysium.
B) perimysium.
C) epimysium.
D) superficial fascia.
E) periosteum.
45) In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the
A) Z line.
B) M line.
C) H band.
D) A band.
E) I band.
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46) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to
A) contract much more forcefully.
B) produce more ATP with little oxygen.
C) store extra DNA for metabolism.
D) produce large amounts of muscle proteins.
E) produce nutrients for muscle contraction.
47) Which of the following best describes the term sarcomere?
A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
C) storage site for calcium ions
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) largely made of myosin molecules
48) Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers
A) lack a plasma membrane.
B) have many nuclei.
C) are very small.
D) lack mitochondria.
E) have large gaps in the cell membrane.
49) Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
C) storage and release site for calcium ions
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) largely made of myosin molecules
50) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to
A) contract much more forcefully.
B) produce more ATP with little oxygen.
C) store extra DNA for metabolism.
D) produce large amounts of muscle proteins.
E) produce nutrients for muscle contraction.
51) The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the
A) sarcolemma.
B) sarcomere.
C) sarcosome.
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
E) sarcoplasm.
52) The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of
A) actin, myosin, and titin filaments.
B) a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae.
C) filaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres.
D) A bands, H bands, and I bands.
E) actin, myosin, and sarcomeres.
53) Cross-bridges are portions of
A) actin molecules.
B) myosin molecules.
C) troponin molecules.
D) tropomyosin molecules.
E) calcium ions.
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Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
54) Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers
55) Bundle of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysium
56) Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ.
57) Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles
58) Individual muscle fiber.
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Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:
59) Identify the structure labeled "1."
A) mitochondria
B) glycogen
C) ATP
D) myofibril
E) synaptic vesicle
60) Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"?
A) actin
B) myosin
C) titin
D) tropomyosin
E) All of the answers are correct.
Xtra Credit (1 point each)
1) A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it
A) can repair itself readily.
B) is malformed.
C) can only divide once more.
D) will be a long-lived cell.
E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.
2) The anticodon for the triplet UCA is
A) AGU.
B) AGC.
C) TCA.
D) TGT.
E) AGT.
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3) Factors that are necessary for proper bone formation include all of the following, except
A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin E.
C) vitamin C.
D) the hormone thyroxine.
E) vitamin D.
4) Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep.
1. muscle fiber
2. perimysium
3. myofibril
4. fascicle
5. endomysium
6. epimysium
A) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6
B) 6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3
C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
D) 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2
E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5
5) Each skeletal muscle fiber contains ________ myofibrils.
A) 50 to 100
B) 100 to 150
C) 150 to 200
D) 200 to 500
E) hundreds to thousands
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