WORLD WAR II:
Guided Notes
Name ______________________________________________
Date ____________ Period______
Although times were hard in the United States throughout the Great Depression they were worse in other
countries.
DICTATORS of WWII
• Rise of dictators throughout _____________________
• ______________________- form of government that controls every aspect of citizens lives
STALIN
• STALIN- “___________________” leader of the Soviet Union after the death of _________, who started the
______________________________
• ____________________- a totalitarian system of in which a single authoritarian government party controls stateowned means of production
• Stalin’s Goals
– Increase ____________________________- 5 year plan forming ___________- government owned farms
– ______________________________ (by 1937, 2nd largest industrial power)
• Stalin’s ______________________- killing off party officials
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MUSSOLINI
• Mussolini- “______________” the leader, organized the fascists party after WWI
• Fascism- philosophy which places importance of the ________________________________________________
• Marched on Rome in 1922 with “___________________” and was named Prime minister out of fear by the king
• Outlawed elections, labor unions, political parties
• “The Country is Nothing without Conquest”
HITLER
• Hitler- Led the ____________________ after WWI
• Nazism- philosophy of __________________________ under a single leader. Purifying race-_______________ (blond hair,
blue eyes)
• 1923- failed attempt to over throw German’s government, jailed, wrote “Mien Kampf”- _________________ while in
jail
TOJO
• General Hideki Tojo- 1941- became leader of __________________ Japan
• _____________________- Philosophy of increased military power with a strong sense of nationalism
• Main goal- prepare the nation for ______________________
League of Nations Tested
• __________- Italy Invades Ethopia
• 1936- ______________ Invades North Africa
• 1936- ________________________- Franco becomes dictator overthrowing their republic
• 1936 Germany occupies the _______________ (west Germany)
• ________________- Germany occupies the Sudentantlands (Austria, Czechoslovakia)
Policies and Pacts
• APPEASEMENT- ______________________________________________________________________________
• Munich Pact- Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France agree to __________________ to take the Sudetenland
– Churchill “By this time next year we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or
whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite”
• Non-Aggression Pact- Hitler signs a non aggression pact with _____________ in 1939 to avoid a two front war
WWII BEGINS
• ___________________________________________- Sept 1st 1939- France and Britain declare war on Germany
• Blitzkrieg- “____________________________”
• 1940- Germany invades _______________________________________________________________________
• ___________________ Stands Alone…
• 1940-_______________________- RAF (__________________________) defeated Germany in the air and defended their
homeland, despite the bombings and damage
United States Claims Neutrality
• 1935- ________________________- prevented US from supplying arms to nations of conflict
1939- Cash and Carry Policy- amendment to the neutrality acts where countries could ___________________
_______________________________________
• 1941- ___________________________- lending arms to Britain
Japan attacks US
• _________________________- December 7th 1941- Japan surprise attacked Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii
• Less than 2 hours… 2,400 Americans Died, 1,200 wounded, 18 Ships and 300 aircraft damaged or destroyed
• “A Day that will Live in Infamy”
• US _________________________________________________
• ____________________________ declare war on the US
Chapter 35: American Prepare for War
American Economy Organizing for War
• _____________________________- WPB- switching to wartime industry, depression ENDS!
• GDP- Gross Domestic Product- total value of ______________________________________________________, up 116% from
1940-44
• __________________________- used to finance the war
• National Debt _____________________- 1940 50 million 1944 over 200 million
• __________________________- legal restrictions of prices used to control inflation
American GI’s
• GI- ____________________________________________________
• Assembling a Fighting Force- draftees and volunteers, Preparing the troops to fight- 8 weeks of training,
Hardships and Opportunities- Fear, Homesick, Stress, but a feeling of pride, and liberty in their country
Japanese Americans
• “Enemy Aliens”- _________________________________________ ancestors living in the US had to carry an ID card to prove
they were not spies
• _____________________________- Center for confining people for reasons of national security
• Executive Order 9066- Feb. 1942, over ____________________________________________________________
• ________________________________________- Fred Korematsu refused to go to an interment camp, convicted in court.
Civil rights can be set aside during a time of war.
• Life in Internment Camps- rows of barracks, barbed wire fences, one room apartments, common bathrooms and
dining areas. No physical labor or harm.
Women at War
• ___________________________- 6 million additional women took jobs outside the home to help wartime production,
pay still less and some hostility
• “The more women at work, the sooner we win”
• WAC- ___________________________, WAVES, SPARS, all behind the lines in the war effort (nurses, pilots, radio
operators)
African American Fight for TWO victories
• Chicago Defender proposed a question “why die for democracy for some foreign country when we don’t have it
hear?”
• ___________________________- victory of democracy at home and abroad
• Tuskegee Airmen– _______________________________ 1941, showed African Americans could handle the most
demanding assignments. Shot down 400 German attackers and never lost a bomber plane to enemies
• Equality on the Homefront- race riots over jobs and inequality occurred. NAACP and CORE set the stage for
post war civil rights movement
Jewish Americans
• ________________- Nazi Germany’s systematic murder or 11 million people
• Anti Semitism, Nuremburg Laws, and Kristalnacht
• Secret State Police or Gestapo placed the Undesirables in _____________________________
• ___________________________- death camps, extermination centers with gas chambers
• _______________________________- 1944 agency created for Jewish refugees to stay at centers in Italy and North Africa
at US army camps (to escape the holocaust)
Mexican Americans
• Many Mexican Americans left the Fields and joined the army or worked in industrial centers for war production
• _______________- 120,000 manual laborers from southern Mexico worked in the fields for food production
• Zoot Suit Riots- Clash between ______________________________________________ in Barrios (Mexican Neighborhoods)
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Chapter 36: Fighting World War II
Name _________________________Date ________Per____
Preparing for War
• “______________________________________________”- FDR and Churchill
• Axis Powers control most of Europe
– Hitler expands ______________________ into the Soviet Union
– Hitler expands South into ______________________________ (Egypt)
– European suffer under German Occupation
• Jewish Ghettos, to Concentration Camps, to ____________________________________ “final solution”
• Roosevelt and Churchill had to decide their strategy in Europe and had many options including:
– Invade German occupied _____________________________
– Direct attack on______________________
– Allied Offensive in __________________________________
– Moving Troops to the ___________________________________________________ to help the Red Army defend Hitler
War in Europe, 1942-45
• Allies invade North Africa and Italy
– 1942-43: Dwight D Eisenhower led troops into Tunisia from _________________________ and __________________
– British Forces stopped Rommel (German) and forced him out of ______________________
– _______________________________________- North Africa Battle led by Generals George Patton and Omar Bradley
defeated the Italian and German forces in North Africa, Mussolini was removed from office and killed
• Battle of STALINGRAD (Soviets take Hitler alone, _____________________________________________________________________)
– Hitler invaded the _____________________ and attempted to use the Blitzkrieg method to take over Stalingrad
– Russians began a___________________________________________ and took down the Nazi assault
– _________________________, the large territory, and Hitler’s refusal to ___________________ helped the Soviets Win
– ___________________________________________ in the War, Soviet Union Victory
– 200,000 Germans died and over 1 million Soviets in this battle
• GERMAN Bombings
– Americans used Precision bombing (__________________________________________________) on German Territory
– British used_______________________________ bombing (dropping mass quantities of bombs over a wide area)
– Goal of German bombings: destroy oil fields, factories, railroads, and overall destroy Germany’s capacity
to wage war
• D-DAY- the day the invasion began
– Operation Overlord, June 6th 1944, Invasion of Normandy (a region in ______________.) Largest sea invasion.
– Eisenhower sent 1,200 warships, 800 transport ships, 4,000 landing craft, 10,000 airplanes, and
hundreds of tanks
– Allies liberated __________________, France in August 1944
• Allies liberate Nazi Concentration Camps
– Americans liberate France, Soviets chased Germans out of the Soviet Union
– The Nazi Party attempted to kill any remaining prisoners of the ____________________________ and shipped
about 60,000 to other camps in Germany.
– Soviet Soldiers who stumbled upon concentration camps were disgusted. They found 28 railcars packed
with ______________________________ and many survivors died within weeks of liberation. SS doctors
attempted ____________________________ on 3,500 prisoners
– ________________________________- systematic killing of a racial, political, or cultural group
– Holocaust- systematic, state-sponsered, persecution and murder of __________________ and other minority
groups by the ________________________
• Battle of the Bulge- Last _____________________________ in Belgium (Ardennes Region) where US was the weakest.
General ___________________ came to the rescue holding off the Germans
• The Red Army had fought its way through Poland. Hitler committed _______________________ on April 30th with
Soviet Soldiers ½ mile from his bunker.
• VE Day- Victory in ______________________________Day was celebrated May 8th 1945 following Germany’s surrender
War in the Pacific
• Japan had acquired many territories by 1942, after Pearl Harbor
– Singapore, Hong Kong, Guam, Wake, Philippines, and Burma.
– American owned Philippines under ____________________________________________________________ resisted
Japanese takeover. Roosevelt forced MacArthur to leave but he vowed “___________________________________”
– Bataan Death March- Japanese rounded up __________________________________________________________
Prisoners and marched them 63 miles to a prisoner camp. On the march, nearly 7,000 died.
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Doolittle’s Raid- Colonel James Doolittle, led bombers to Japan to hit major cities including _________________on
April 18th, 1942.
Battle of Coral Sea
– Japan was moving towards _____________________________
– US sent Aircraft carriers to stop them
– Battle fought entirely in the __________________
– Americans gained a strategic victory (Japan’s navy could ____________________) although fairly similar losses
Different Strategies, with limited supplies location was key
– Build bases in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
– Build bases in China
– Liberating Japanese held territory in the Pacific
Battle of Midway, June 1942
– ____________________________________________________
– Fought entirely in the ________________
– Japan’s last offensive attack, US was now on the ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________- liberate different Japanese controlled islands in the Pacific
– Thousands of soldiers died in many of the Island hopping battles including; Guadalcanal, New Guinea,
Tarawa and Saipan.
Battle of Iwo Jima
– Bloodiest of the war
– 22,000 Japanese fought to death also using ___________________- flying their planes directly into enemy fleet
– 6,800 Americans died in this US victory
Battle of Okinawa
– Hand to hand combat for 2 months claimed the lives of 12,000 American soldiers and more than
100,000 Japanese soldiers, last obstacle
Manhattan Project- Top Secret program to develop an _________________________, headed by Robert J. Oppenheimer
– Tested in New Mexico Desert, July 16th 1945
Truman’s Decision…
– Drop the Atomic Bomb and save American lives but introduce a deadly weapon and kill Japanese
civilians, but end the war quickly
– Invade Japan, loosing thousands of American lives and similar number of Japanese, extend the war for
an unestimated time and cost
US Bombs dropped on _____________________________________ (Aug 6th) and __________________________________ (Aug 9th)
killing a combined 120,000 Japanese and up to 250,000 deaths from burns, radiation poisoning, or cancer
_________ - Victory in Japan day- celebrated on August 14th 1945, but many mourned the losses of their loved ones.
Chapter 37: Aftermath of WWII: World Organizations
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____________________________________- Designed to provide loans to help countries recover from the war and develop their economies.
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International Monetary Fund (IMF)- goal was to stabilize the world ________________________________________ and establish uniform
___________________________________________________ for foreign currency
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General Agreement on ________________and ________________________ (GATT)- lower tariffs and eliminate barriers to international trade
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UNITED NATIONS- June 1945, ________nations signed the charter for the new International Peace Keeping Organization to further
the causes of peace, _________________________, and ______________________________________
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_________________________________- freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear
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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS- 1948- affirms basic human rights including right to ___________, ____________________,
and ___________________________________ before the law and our 4 freedoms listed above.
Dealing with the Defeated Axis Powers
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WAR CRIMES- _____________________ of internationally accepted practices related to waging war : TRIBUNAL- _____________________
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NUREMBERG WAR CRIMES TRIALS- 22 members of the Nazi party were tried with crimes against _______________________. 12 were
hanged, 7 prison terms, and 3 acquitted
Rebuilding Germany and Japan
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Germany- divided into ____________________________________ zones, (US, France, GB, and USSR) and each would directly rebuild Germany
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Japan- General Douglas _____________________________________ helped rebuild Japan
– Dissolving Japan’s empire, Disbanding their military, Parliamentary government was set up, 1951 Japan restored their
independence
Americans Adjust to Postwar Life
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GI Bill of Rights- help war veterans adjust to civilian life. Provided funds for _______________________ and buying homes
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African Americans Seek new opportunities through use of the GI Bill but with segregation and discrimination it was _________________
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Women left the factories and some went home, but others changed jobs to the ___________________________________; nurses, teachers,
librarians, social workers, and bank tellers.
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The war was over, but the 1950s will bring on new obstacles to overcome in The United States