Global Weather 5
Outcome: (116-1), (117-10)
Content: Page 220-221
Weather vs. Climate:
Weather:

Weather describes what is happening outdoors when you
_________________________________________________

Weather is the ____________________________________ that
happen from minute to minute.

The weather can change a lot within a very __________________.

For example, it may rain for an hour and then become sunny and
clear.

Weather includes _______________________ in precipitation,
barometric pressure, temperature, and wind conditions for your
area
Climate:

Climate is the ________________________________________
for your area during different times of the year.

Climate data is based on a 30-year average, which includes
______________________________________, regular weather
patterns (like winter, spring, summer, and fall), and special weather
events (like tornadoes and floods).

Climate tells us what it's __________________________________
_________________________ at different times of the year.

Climate data includes information such as; precipitation,
temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity and direction, fog,
frost, and other distinct conditions for a specific area.
Factors Affecting Climate:

The climate you receive depends entirely on where you live.
1. Latitude

Latitude measures the ______________________________
from the equator.

The equator receives more ____________________than
anywhere else on earth.

The further you move away from the equator the sun
becomes less direct, therefore, when you move toward the
north and south poles
________________________________________________.
2. Ocean currents
 Ocean currents can greatly affect temperatures and weather
conditions.

Two main ocean currents affect Newfoundland and Labrador;
the ________________________ (Warm) and the
_______________________________________ (Cold).

What will happen when the warm moist air of the Gulf Stream
passes over the cold water of the Labrador Current?
i. _____________________
3. Wind and air masses

Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast
because an _______________________________________
______________________________________

The winds blowing over the cold ocean water in summer tends
to ____________________________________________.

During the winter the oceans are generally warmer than the
winds so the winter air becomes _________________________
as it blows over the ocean.
4. Elevation

Elevation measures how high you are ___________________.

As you rise, _______________________. In fact the air cools
by 6.5oC for every kilometer (1000m) you rise.

The higher the place is above sea level the _______________
____________________________.

This happens because as altitude increases, air becomes
thinner and is less able to absorb and hold heat.

This is also why you often see snow on the ________________
__________________________ all year round.
5. Relief (Steepness)

Mountains receive _____________________ than low-lying
areas because the temperature on top of mountains is
____________ than the temperature at sea level due to the
elevation.

As the warm moist wind blows into the mountainous barrier
(windward side) the __________________________.

As the air rises it cools and begins to ___________________
________________

As the air continues to rise and cool _____________________.

When the air goes over the mountain and begins to fall (leeward
side) the air becomes __________________________.

So the amount of precipitation and the temperature depends
________________________________________________
_________________________________________!
6. Closeness to water.

If you live close to a large body of water like the ocean or a
large lake, climate is affected.

Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than inland areas since
wind blowing over the water picks up moisture and is
_________________________________________________

In Newfoundland you may have noticed that inland communities
like Gander and Grand Falls have much __________________
_______________________________ than areas out around
the coast.

However, in winter, the ocean warms the coastal air so the
coastal areas have _________________________________
________________________ than central areas.
7. Human activities

Human activities are now beginning to influence local climates
as well as the global climate.

Southern Ontario (places like Toronto) now includes
_____________________________________________ for
spring and summer.

The excessive pollution from cars and industry, high
temperatures and high humidity combine to produce an
______________________________________.

The burning of fossil fuels in cars, industry and home heating is
accused of causing ________________________________.

Global warming is supposed to be responsible for
___________________________________________________
_________________________ in just about every part of the
world.
Outcome: (115-2), (331-2)
Content: Page 222-225
The Atmosphere:

The _________________________________ that surround the
earth

The atmosphere is where all the ________________happens.

The atmosphere acts like a blanket, which controls the
___________________________ of the earth.

If there were no atmosphere, the _______________________
__________________________________
o
In the day, on the light side the temperature would be hot
enough to boil water but at night on the dark side the
temperature drops to -150oC
What is the earth's atmosphere made of?

The earth's atmosphere is a made up of _____________________
_________________________________________

Some of these gases include:
Gas
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Other gases:

Water vapour, argon,
carbon dioxide, neon,
helium, krypton,
hydrogen, ozone,...
Amount
78%
21%
1% combined
Some of these gases have very important roles in the atmosphere.

Nitrogen and ozone act as a protection shield that blocks out
___________________________________________________

Oxygen is essential for life. ______________________________ and
we breathe it in.

Carbon dioxide is essential for life too. We breathe out carbon dioxide
and ______________________________.

Water vapour is essential to the water cycle and
_________________________. Water vapour is responsible for
clouds, fog, rain and snow.
Layers of the atmosphere:



The farther we travel from the earth ______________________ the
atmosphere gets.
About 99% of the mass of the atmosphere is below 30 km but has
been measured to a height of 1000km.
The layers of the atmosphere are classified based on their
____________________________.
1. Troposphere
 We live in the troposphere and this is where all the
_________________________________.

This layer is the closest to the earth, which means the
troposphere gets ______________________ the most.

This heating causes ______________________ and
cloud formation.

Also, all the dust of the atmosphere is in the troposphere.

Water vapour condenses on the dust particles to create
______________________________________.

The troposphere goes from the ground to about 16 km
up.
2. Stratosphere
 The stratosphere rises from 15 km to 50 km.

The stratosphere has _________________________________________ but
ice crystals have been seen to form at this high altitude.

The major gas of the stratosphere is _______________.

This layer is cooler than the troposphere

The ozone layer blocks out _________________ from
space.

Some of the energy of ultraviolet (UV) light being blocked
gets transferred to the ozone layer.

______________________ form between the
troposphere and the stratosphere.

There is not enough oxygen in the stratosphere to keep
you alive. This is why the pilots of high-level aircraft
need to breath oxygen from masks.
3. Mesosphere
 The mesosphere has _________________________
and ranging in altitude from 50 to 80 km.

The temperature of the mesosphere goes as low as
-80oC!

This is the layer of the atmosphere where ___________
_____________________! (Shooting stars!)
4. Thermosphere
 The atmosphere in the thermosphere is very, very
______.

It is so thin that as the sun's energy hits so few molecules
of air we begin to see ______________________.

However, because there are so very few molecules the
energy doesn't get transferred to other layers.
Atmospheric Pressure:
Air density:

The atmosphere is made up of gases.

If we warm up these molecules of gas they begin to
_____________.

The faster they move the more space they want to occupy, that is,
the warmed gas molecules ______________________.

If we had this air in a container with a small hole in it some of the
gas would escape and the container with the gas would get lighter
then before (less dense).

HOT is _____________________

If we cooled down the air the molecules of gas would begin to
________________________

When molecules slow down they need less space and begin to
move closer together (contract).

For the same container above, the gas inside would begin to
_______________and now air from the outside will move in to fill
up the container.

The container with the gas will now be heavier then before
(denser).

COLD is __________________
Air pressure:

____________________ pulls down on all matter.

Gases are matter and gravity pulls down on them.

This is why the _________________________(layer closest to the
earth) has 99% of all the gases in the atmosphere.

As these gas molecules are being pulled down they are colliding,
pushing and bumping into everything else on the surface of the
earth, including you.

All this bumping and pushing creates what we call
___________________________________.

Have you ever put your hand out the window while you were driving
in a car? That's air pressure - you are feeling the force of the air
colliding with your hand!
Homework: page 225: #’s 2, 4