IB BIOLOGY
REVIEW OF TOPIC 5.1, 5.3, AND OPTION G (EXCEPT HUMAN IMPACTS SECTIONS)
Adapted from ck12.org Biology I-Honours Workbook
(http://www.ck12.org/flexbook/)
PART A: TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT THE STATEMENTS THAT ARE FALSE.
1. The environment of an organism includes only nonliving physical factors.
2. A community is the biotic component of an ecosystem.
3. An ecosystem is always closed in terms of energy.
4. An ecosystem depends on continuous inputs of matter from outside the system.
5. Organisms that depend on different food sources have different niches.
6. Different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same geographic area for very
long.
7. All organisms use organic compounds for energy.
8. Plants are the most important heterotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems.
9. Energy flows from producers and consumers to decomposers.
10.Saprotrophs complete the breakdown of dead organic matter.
11.Hawks have more energy than plants in a terrestrial ecosystem.
12.Cows eat grass so they are secondary consumers.
13.All chemical elements that are needed by living things are recycled in ecosystems.
14.All organisms release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of cellular respiration.
15.Of living things, only producers need nitrogen.
16.Plants absorb nitrogen gas through their root hairs.
17.Climate is the most important abiotic factors affecting terrestrial biomes.
18.Deserts are found only where the weather is hot and sunny.
19.Species interact in the same basic ways in all biomes.
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20.Types of community interactions include symbiosis.
21. Predation always involves one animal consuming another animal.
22. If the population of a prey species increases, the population of its predator is likely to
decrease.
23. Interspecific competition always leads to the extinction of one of the species.
24. A mosquito and the animal from which it takes blood have a mutualistic relationship.
25.The species that is harmed in a parasitic relationship is called the host.
26. Primary succession usually happens faster than secondary succession.
27. Members of the same population may belong to different species.
28. Few populations are capable of exponential growth.
29.Exponential growth is slow at first and then speeds up.
30.Populations change only through births and deaths.
31.Limiting factors increase population growth rates.
32.Light may be a density-dependent limiting factor.
33.K-selected species’ populations are regulated by density-independent limiting factors.
34. R-selected species tend to be long-lived, produce few offspring and reach reproductive
maturity relatively early.
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PART B: MATCHING EXERCISES.
____ 1. ecology
a. living organisms in the environment
____ 2. organism
b. physical environment to which an organism has become adapted
____ 3. abiotic components
c. populations of different species that live in the same area and interact
with one another
____ 4. biotic components
____ 5. biosphere
d. scientific study of the interactions of living things with each other and
their environments
____ 6. population
e. role of a species in its ecosystem
____ 7. community
f. areas of Earth where all organisms live
____ 8. ecosystem
g. life form consisting of one or more cells
____ 9. niche
h. natural unit consisting of all the living organisms in an area together
with all the nonliving physical factors of the environment
____ 10. habitat
i. nonliving physical aspects of the environment
j. organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interact
with one another
____ 1. producers
a. organisms that eat a diet consisting mainly of herbivores or of other
organisms that eat herbivores
____ 2. photoautotrophs
b. all organisms that depend on other organisms for food
____ 3. phytoplankton
c. organisms that eat both plants and animals as primary food sources
____ 4. consumers
____ 5. herbivores
d. small organisms that consume producers on or near the surface of a body
of water
____ 6. zooplankton
e. organisms that consume dead plants and animals and other organic waste
____ 7. scavengers
f. all organisms that produce organic compounds from energy and simple
inorganic molecules
____ 8. carnivores
____ 9. omnivores
____ 10. decomposers
g. tiny photoautotrophs found on or near the surface of a body of water
h. carnivores that mainly eat the carcasses of dead animals
i. organisms that consume only producers such as plants or algae
j. organisms that use energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis
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____ 1. biome
a. conditions of temperature and precipitation on any given day
____ 2. climate
b. zone from the tropical zone to the arctic or antarctic circle.
____ 3. weather
c. land on the leeward side of a mountain range that receives little precipitation
____ 4. latitude
d. group of similar ecosystems that cover a broad area
____ 5. altitude
e. the number of different species of organisms in a biome or ecosystem
____ 6. tropical zone
f. zone from the Tropic of Capricorn to the Tropic of Cancer
____ 7. temperate zone
g. average weather in an area over a long period of time
____ 8. rain shadow
h. distance north or south of the equator
____ 9. growing season
i. period of time each year when it is warm enough for plants to grow
____ 10. biodiversity
j. distance above sea level
____ 1. tundra
a. tropical biome that receives heavy rainfall and consists mainly of
tall, broadleaf evergreen trees
____ 2. temperate deciduous forest
____ 3. temperate rainforest
b. temperate biome that receives relatively low precipitation and
consists mainly of grasses
____ 5. tropical grassland
c. tropical biome that receives relatively low rainfall, has a dry
season, and consists mainly of widely spaced, drought-adapted
trees
____ 6. desert
d. arctic biome where is it too cold for trees to grow
____ 7. boreal forest
e. temperate biome with a Mediterranean climate that consists
mainly of densely-growing evergreen shrubs such as scrub oak
____ 4. temperate grassland
____ 8. tropical dry forest
____ 9. tropical rainforest
____ 10. chaparral
f. temperate biome that receives moderate rainfall and consists
mainly of deciduous trees such as maples
g. tropical biome that receives relatively low rainfall, has a dry
season, and consists mainly of grasses
h. temperate or tropical biome that receives no more than 25
centimeters of precipitation per year
i. temperate biome that receives heavy rainfall and consists mainly
of evergreen trees such as hemlocks
j. subarctic biome covered with conifers
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____ 1. commensalism
a. relationship between organisms that strive for the same
limited resources
____ 2. competition
____ 3. intraspecific competition
____ 4. interspecific competition
____ 5. mutualism
b. ecological succession that occurs in an area that has never
been colonized
c. symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and one
species is harmed
____ 6. parasitism
d. symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and one
species is not affected
____ 7. predation
e. competition between members of the same species
____ 8. primary succession
f. any close association between two species in which at least
one species benefits
____ 9. secondary succession
____ 10. symbiosis
g. ecological succession that occurs in a formerly inhabited
area that was disturbed
h. symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
i. relationship in which members of one species consume
members of another species
j. competition between members of different species
PART C: SHORT ANSWERS.
1. Define ecosystem. Give an example.
2. How do ecosystems obtain energy?
3. What happens to matter in ecosystems?
4. Define niche. What are two aspects of a niche?
5. What factors make up a species’ habitat?
6. How do photoautotrophs produce food?
7. What form(s) of nitrogen can be absorbed by plants?
8. What process allows carbon to be used by living things?
9. Why do most terrestrial organisms depend on plants?
10. Describe the 3 common ecological pyramids and explain why each has the pyramid
shape. Yes, they can all be related to each other so the answers are very similar.
11.Give exceptions to the pyramid shape of specific ecological pyramids and explain why the
shapes do not follow the common pattern.
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PART D: REVIEW QUESTIONS FROM A AND M TEXT
p. 184 Ch. 15 review #1-6
Data-based questions pp. 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 and 354.
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