Kinematic analysis of deformation, 2015
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION
Instructor: Boris A. Natal’in
E-mail: natalin@itu.edu.tr
Office phone number: 285 6221, room E502
Course Objectives
Three fundamental strategies of the detailed structural geology are geometrical (descriptive),
kinematic, and dynamic analysis. The geometrical analysis concerns with the recognition and
description of structures, measuring their orientation, and determination of temporal
succession of deformational events. The dynamic analysis interprets forces and stresses
responsible for the development of the structures. Kinematic analysis focuses on the
interpreting the deformational movements responsible for the development of structures in
rocks and orientation of these movements in space. The basic movements are translation,
rotation, and strain. All these processes are recorded in the rock fabric and large-scale
structures. This course mainly deals with studying and interpreting of the fabrics formed due
to ductile deformation. Besides ductile deformations the course deals with advanced methods
of descriptive analysis, interpreting of brittle structures (faults, veins), reconstructing of
paleostresses from fault planes populations.
Lectures schedule
Date
1
2
3
4
5

Topics
Introduction. Structural geology and tectonics.
Barriers to understanding.
Concept of detailed structural analysis: 1) descriptive
analysis, 2) kinematic analysis, 3) dynamic analysis.
Classification of structures using different criteria.
Structural paragenesis. Oriented samples.
Establishing and interpreting deformation phases.
Deformation phases and metamorphic events.
Flow and deformation. Homogeneous and
inhomogeneous flow and deformation.
Deformation and strain. Fabric attractor.
Deformation mechanisms: cataclastic flow, pressure
solution, intracrystalline deformation.
Recrystallization: grain boundary migration and
subgrain rotation
Foliation and lineation: primary and secondary
foliation, morphology of foliation, mechanisms of
foliation development, practical use of foliation and
lineation.
Lattice preferred orientation
Number in the list of the course materials
1
Readings
(1) Ch. 1 in
(3) Ch. 1, 2
(1) Ch 1
(2) Ch 16
(1) Ch. 2
(1) Ch. 2
(1) Ch. 3.1-3.9;
(5) Ch. 19 (for advanced
studies)
(1) Ch. 3.10-3.11
(1) Ch. 4.1-4.11
(1) Ch. 4.12-4.16;
(5) Ch. 19.7, p. 415-422
Kinematic analysis of deformation, 2015
6
7
8
9
10
11
Shear zones. Brittle fault rocks. Mylonites:
characteristic fabric elements, classification, mylonite
and metamorphic conditions.
Sense of shear: oblique foliation, shear band cleavage,
mantled porphyroclasts, mica-fish, and quarter
structures.
Potential shear sense markers
Dilatation sites: fibrous veins, strain shadows, strain
fringes and fibers
Veins in non-coaxial progressive deformation.
Kinematic analysis of folds.
Deformation of lineation.
Rotation of structural elements using stereonets.
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of brittle faults
Shear sense indicators in the brittle regime
Fault array analysis, Paleostress analysis
(1) Ch. 5.1 - 5.4
(1) Ch. 5.5 - 5.6.8
(1) Ch. 5.6.11; (7)
(1) Ch. 6.1 - 6.5
(4) Ch. 22
(1) Ch. 5.7;
(6)
(2) 12-5; (8)
Course Materials:
1) Passchier, C. W. and Trouw, R. A. J., 1996. Microtectonics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,
New York, 289 p. (PT)
2) Marshak, S. and Mitra, G., 1988. Basic methods of structural geology, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 446 p.
3) Davis, G. H. Structural geology of rocks and regions. John Wiley $ Sons, 1984, 492 p.
4) Ramsey, J. G. and Huber, M. I. 1987. The techniques of modern structural geology,
Volume 2: Folds and Fractures, Academic Press, London, pp. 309-700.
5) Twiss, R. J., and Moore, E. M., 1992. Structural geology, W. H. Freeman, New York, 532
p.
6) Petit, J. P., 1987. Criteria for the sense of movement on fault surfaces in brittle rocks, J.
Struct. Geol., 9, 597-608.
7) Hippertt, J. F. M., 1993. "V"-pull-apart microstructures: a new shear sense indicator. J.
Struct. Geol., 14, 145-159.
8) Aleksandrowski, P., 1985. Graphical determination of principal stress directions for
slickenside lineation populations: an attempt to modify Arthaud's method, J. Struct. Geol., 7,
73-82.
2