Lesson 1.2 Design Process
Performance Objectives
It is expected that students will:
 Describe the design process and how it is used to aid in problem solving.
 Use the design process to solve a technical problem.
 Recognize design criteria and constraints.
 Describe the purpose and importance of working in a team.
 Explain a design brief and apply the concept when using the design process.
 Describe the elements of design and apply this concept to the design process.
 Use a decision matrix to select the best solution to a design problem
12 Step Design Process:
 Define the problem
 Brainstorm
 Research
 Develop ideas
 Choose best idea
 Model or prototype
 Test and evaluate
 Improve design
 Communicate results
Key Concepts
1. Many different design processes are used to guide people in developing solutions to problems.
2. Design teams use brainstorming techniques to generate large numbers of ideas in a short
amount of time, striving for quantity, not quality.
3. The design brief is a tool for defining the problem; it is an agreement between the engineer and
client.
4. Engineers use design briefs to explain the problem, identify solution expectations, and establish
project constraints.
5. A decision matrix is a tool used to compare solution ideas to the criteria so that you can select
the best solution.
Essential Questions
1. What is the design process and how is it used?
2. Why is brainstorming important when modifying or improving a product?
3. Why do people work in teams when solving design problems?
4. What is meant by constraints and criteria?
5. Which step in the design process uses a design brief? Why?
6. Which step in the design process uses a decision matrix? Why?
7. Why are design elements considered when engineers and designers invent or innovate a
product?
Key Terms
Lesson 1.2 Design Process
Aesthetics
Annotate
Brainstorming
Constraints
Consumer
Criteria
Decision Matrix
Design
Design Brief
Design Elements
Design Process
Designer
Dimension
Engineer
Ergonomics
Evaluate
Experimentation
Exponentially
Investigate
Model
Modify
Optimize
Problem Solving
Pleasing in appearance.
A sketch on which notes are made to provide further information.
A method of shared problem solving in which all members of a
group spontaneously, and in an unrestrained discussion, generate
ideas.
A limit to the design process. Constraints may be such things as
appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities.
A person or household that purchases goods or services.
Desired specifications (elements or features) of a product or
system.
A tool for systematically ranking alternatives according to a set of
criteria.
An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which
resources are converted into products or systems that meet human
needs and wants or solve problems.
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and
its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all
aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
The factors (e.g., line, color, light, shadow, space, texture) that
define a product and take into account the aesthetics and function
of the product.
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints,
used to develop many possible solutions to a problem or to satisfy
human needs and wants and winnow (narrow) down the possible
solutions to one final choice.
A person who designs any of a variety of things.
A measure in one direction.
A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific
knowledge to solve practical problems.
The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and
design devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things
interact safely and most efficiently.
To form an idea of the amount or value of; assess.
The act of trying out a new procedure, idea, or activity.
Extremely rapid increase.
To observe or study by close examination and systematic inquiry.
A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail
of an object or design, often smaller than the original. A model is
often used to test ideas, make changes to a design, and to learn
more about what would happen to a similar, real object.
Change to ensure accuracy.
An act, process, or methodology used to make a design or system
as effective or functional as possible within the given criteria and
constraints.
The process of understanding a problem, devising a plan, carrying
out the plan, and evaluating the plan in order to solve a problem or
meet a need or want.
Process
Prototype
Requirements
Research
Specification
Testing
Texture
Trade-off
Visualization
Human activities used to create, invent, design, transform, produce,
control, maintain, and use products or systems; a sequence of
actions that combines resources to produce an output.
A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making
actual observations and necessary adjustments.
The parameters placed on the development of a product or system.
The requirements include the safety needs, the physical laws that
will limit the development of an idea, the available resources, the
cultural norms, and the use of criteria and constraints.
Systematic, scientific, documented study.
A detailed description of the design and materials used to make
something.
A method for collecting data.
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or
fabric.
An exchange of one thing in return for another; especially
relinquishment of one benefit or advantage for another regarded as
more desirable.
Formation of mental visual images.