Physical Features of India
Grade IX
Glossary
1.
Asthenosphere – A transitional layer of the semi- molten rocks below earth’s crust.
2.
Tectonic or Lithospheric plates: Large fragments of crust divided by the rising currents.
3.
Gondwana land: An ancient super continent consisting of the present, South America, Africa, Australia and Antarctica located in the
southern hemisphere.
4.
European plate: The portion of land/earth’s crust much bigger and older than the Gondwana land situated in the north
5.
Tethys: The narrow and the elongated oceanic trough lying between European plate and Gondwana land.
6.
Great or Inner Himalaya or Himadri: The northern most range of the Himalayas is referred to as the great or inner Himalayas or Himadri
7.
Middle Himalayas or Himachal: The middle range of the Himalayas situated south of Himadri.
8.
Outer Himalayas or the Shivalik: The southernmost range of the Himalayas, made of the unconsolidated sediments/rocks
9.
Gorges: Gorges are the I-shaped valleys having steep walls on either side of the river.
10.
Alluvial fans: Triangular deposits with their base towards the plain at the junction of the mountains and the plains.
11.
Tributary: A stream or small rivers joining a big river and adding waters from its basin.
12.
Distributary: Small channels, coming into existence due to the splitting of a main river by the obstruction.
13.
Delta: A vast alluvial plain, triangular in shape at the mouth of a river.
14.
Bhabar: A narrow belt covered with the pebbles at the foot of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Tista.
15.
Tarai: Wet and marshy belt of the fine silt situated to the south of Bhabar is given the name of tarai.
16.
Doab: Area between two rivers.
17.
Punjab : A plain made by the work of the five rivers ( Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj)
18.
Bhangar: it is the plain formed of the older alluvium.
19.
Khadar: younger alluvium of the flood plains.
20.
Malwa Plateau: the plateau situated between the landmass encircled by the water from all the directions.
21.
Denudation: the wearing, tearing, decomposition and disintegration of the surface rocks.
22.
Pass: a pass is a gap in a mountain range providing natural route across. Eg: Shipkila, Bomdila, Khyper.
23.
Glacier: it is a slow moving mass of snow and ice. Eg: Siachen, Gangotri, Yamunotri.
24.
Water divide: the highland which divides the courses of the two or more river systems.
25.
Gorge or Canyon: the narrow, steep edged river valleys. They are also known as the I- shaped river valleys.
26.
Ghats: hill chains of the old rocks.
27.
Duns: Wide, elongated valleys in the Shiwalik mountains. Eg: Dehradun, Kotharidun, Patlidun etc
28.
Tethys sea: it is a narrow, shallow, elongated sea with the shrinking bottom situated between the Angaraland and Gondwana land in the
geological past.
29.
Flood plains: A gently sloping plain formed by the layers of the sediments deposited by the rivers extending over the entire floor of its valley.
30.
Bar: A deposit of the sand or mud in a river channel.
31.
Bluff: A high, bold headed or steep, prominent cliff but used specifically to denote a river cliff or a steep slope on the outside of the meander.
32.
Levees: An elevated bank flanking the channel of the river and standing above the level of the flood plain.
33.
Riverine island: Island (alluvial deposit) in the middle course of the river. Eg: Majuli island amisdst the course of Brahmaputra.
34.
Lagoon: a salt water lake separated from the sea by the sand bars.
35.
Pass: Any gap in the mountain range providing a natural route across.
36.
Alluvial Plain: Flat low – lying lands made of the alluvium
37.
Diverging plates/boundaries: The plates which are moving away from each other.
38.
Converging plates/boundaries: Plates that are coming together.
39.
Perennial rivers: The rivers which flow throughout the year.
40.
Doab: land between the two rivers.
41.
Escarpment: A wall like the steep slope of the ridge.
42.
Major Physiographic Divisions of India: the Himalayan Mountains, the Northern Plains, the peninsular plateau, the Indian desert, the
Coastal Plains, the peninsular plateau, the Indian desert, the coastal plains, the islands.
43.
The Himalayan mountains: The most rugged mountain barrier of the world covers about 2400km.Three parallel ranges in its longitudinal
extent i.e. The Greater or Inner Himalayas or Himadri, Himachal or the lesser Himalayas, outer range of the Himalayas or Shiwaliks
44.
Division of the Himalayas on the basis of the region: Punjab Himalayas, or Kashmir, Himachal Himalayas, Kumaon Himalayas, Nepal
Himalayas, Assam Himalayas, Purvanchal or Eastern hills
45.
The northern plain: Formed of the alluvial soil; very productive, three sections the Punjab plain, the Ganga plain, the Brahmaputra plain; the
four regions bhabar, terai, bhangar and khadar.
46.
The Peninsular plateau: A tableland, broad and the shallow valleys and the rounded hills, two broad divisions i.e. Central highlands and the
Deccan plateau, the Western Ghats, and the Eastern Ghats as the western and the eastern edges, black soil area known as the Deccan
trap.
47.
The Indian desert: An undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes; low rainfall and the arid climate
48.
The Coastal plains: Narrow coastal strips, running along the Arabian sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east; the Western Coast
and the three sections i.e. Konkan, Kannad plain, Malabar coast, eastern Coast known as the Northern Circar.
49.
Corals: Coral polyps are short microscopic organisms that live in colonies, flourish in shallow mud and free warm waters.
50.
Tributary: it adds water and silt to the main river, originates from glaciers, does not change its course eg: Yamuna is a tributary of river
Ganga.
Important Questions with their answers
Differentiate between the following:
(i)
Converging plate and Diverging plates
Converging plate
Diverging plates
1.
Two plate coming towards each other
Two plates going in the opposite directions from each other
2.
They form the convergent boundaries.
They form the divergent boundaries.
3.
They may collide and crumble or may slide under each other.
They may not collide and crumble or they may not slide under each
other.
4.
They may pass horizontally each other and form the transform
They may diverge horizontally but do not form the divergent
boundaries.
boundary.
5.
They cause folding and the mountain building.
They cause faulting.
6.
They have formed present land features of Himalayas
Rift valleys, Black mountains etc are the result of these plates
(ii)
Bhangar and Khadar
Bhangar
Khadar
1.
The plain formed by the older alluvium.
The plain formed by the newer alluvium.
2.
Large part of the Northern plain is formed by the older alluvium.
This plain covers the flood plains.
3.
4.
It lies above the flood plains of the rivers and present the terrace like
It lies in the flood plains of the rivers and does not present the
features.
terrace like features.
Soil in this region contains calcareous deposits. They are known as
Soil in this plain does not contain calcareous deposits.
the Kankar.
5.
They are less fertile as soil is not renewed every year.
They are fertile and suitable for intensive agriculture due to renewal
of the soil year.
(iii)
Glacier and River
Glacier
River
1.
The moving heaps of snow and ice
Running water
2.
Glacier is found either on the snow capped mountains or the higher
Rivers are found from the mountain top to the mouth of the oceans
latitudes.
and from the equator to the poles.
3.
Example: Pirpanjal Glacier, and the Siachen glacier.
Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra
(iv)
The Himalayan Peaks and the Peninsular Peaks
The Himalayan Peaks
1.
Himalayan peaks are located in the Himalayan mountains of the
The Peninsular Peaks
Peninsular peaks are located in the Peninsular plateau region.
north.
2.
Their height is above 6000m from the mean sea level.
Their height does not exceed 3000m from the mean sea level.
3.
They are snow covered.
They never experience snow.
4.
Major mountain peaks include Mt. Everest, K2, Kanchenjunga etc.
These peaks include Anaimudi, Doda Beta, Kalrubai,Mahabaleshwar
5.
Mt. Everest (8848m) is the highest peak of the world and that of the
Anaimudi (2995m) is the highest peak of Peninsular India.
Himalayas.
(vi)
Himadri and Himachal
Himadri
Himachal
1.
Northern most range.
South of Himadri.
2.
Continuous range with loftiest peak and average height of 6000m.
Most rugged mountain system and the average height is 3700m and
4500m.
3.
Composed of granite
Composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
4.
Example:Kanchenjunga
Examples: Pir Panjal Range
(vii)
Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats
Eastern Ghats
1.
2.
Western Ghats
The western ghats form the western side or arm of the Peninsular
The eastern ghats form the eastern side or arm of the Peninsular
Plateau.
plateau.
These ghats are regular and comparatively higher in the elevation.
They are comparatively denuded resulting in low elevation. They are
Advancing towards south their elevation goes on increasing. No
broken at places by the flowing of numerous rivers to the east.
major river has cut them across.
3.
The western ghats are divided into 4 subdivisions as Sahyadri,
They are subdivided into two subdivisions: The northern portion is
Nilgiri, Anamalai and Cardamom. Sahyadri is the northern portion,
called the Nallamala hills and the southern portion is named as the
Nilgiri, Anamalai and Cardamom going towards South.
(viii)
Palkonda range and Javadi Hills.
The Himalayan Region and Peninsular plateau
Himalayan Region
1.
Peninsular plateau
Himalayan Mountain comprises of the greatest and the highest
The Peninsular Plateau is rugged, dissected and is a remnant
mountain ranges in the world.
portion of the great old landmass called Gondwana land.
These mountains are the young fold mountains and have come into
This plateau is the result of the split of the old landmass, the
existence as a result of the uplift of the strata formed by the
Gondwana land. It has igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks in the
sedimentary rocks.
abundance.
These mountain ranges are parallel. They are separated by the
These plateaus have been dissected by the rivers, faulting and
intervening valleys and the undulating plains.
vertical movements of the earth.
4.
These ranges abound I –shaped valleys and the U-shaped valleys
There is abundance of the rift valleys and the troughs.
5.
Perennial rivers originate from the snow capped mountain ranges
In the absence of the snow capped mountain ranges the rivers
2.
3.
originating in this region is rainfed and seasonal.
6.
(ix)
Major mountain peaks situated in the Himalayas include the Mt.
The Anaimudi, Dodabets, Mahabaleshwar etc are important peaks
Everest, Kanchenjunga etc.
and the hillocks.
The Western Coastal strip and the Eastern Coastal Strip
Western Coastal strip
Eastern Coastal Strip
1.
Plain sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea
Plain located between the Eastern Ghats along the Bay of Bengal.
2.
Narrow plain
Plain is wider and levelled.
3.
Plain is drained by many short swift streams which are unable to
Big rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna form large deltas.
form the deltas.
(x)
Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Western Ghats
Eastern Ghats
1.
Runs parallel to the western coast (River Tapi to Kanyakumari)
Runs parallel to eastern coast (Orissa to Nilgiri).
2.
Average elevation:900 – 1100 m.
Average elevation= 600m
3.
Average width: 50- 80 km.
Wider than the western ghats 100-200km
4.
Continuous wall crossed through the passes.
Divided into several parts by large rivers making passage to the sea.
5.
Sources of many large rivers.
No rivers originate.
6.
Receives heavy rainfall from south-west monsoon.
No rainfall from the monsoon.
7.
The highest peaks include Anaimudi (2695m).
Mohedragiri (1501 m ) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats
(xi)
The Northern Plains and the Coastal Plains
The Northern Plains
1.
They are quite vast in their extent. They are about 2400 km long and
The Coastal Plains
They are very small in size. They are hardly 60 to 120 km wide.
about 240km to 320 km broad.
2.
They lie in North India.
They lie in South India.
3.
They lie to the south of Himalayas in one stretch of land.
They lie on both sides of the Indian coasts. But are separated from
each other by hundreds of kilometres.
4.
They are watered by many perennial rivers.
They are fed by the rainwater and seasonal rivers.
5.
These plains have levelled land so they are ideal for all means of
These plains have slanting surface so they are not so ideal for laying
transportation.
out the roads and the railway lines.
In one thing both these plains resemble each other. Both are fertile.
These plains are also fertile and in this respect they resemble the
6.
Northern Plains.
(xii)
A Tributary and A Distributary
A Tributary
1.
A river or stream that joins the large river.
A Distributary
It is a channel formed by the rivers at the mouth to bypass the
deposits it has left in the main channel.
2.
It is generally found in the upper or the middle course of the river.
It is found in the lower course of a river, a little before it joins the sea.
3.
As for example Yamuna river is the tributary of the river Ganga.
As an example, when Ganga enters the Bay of Bengal forming itself
into many distributaries.
4.
(xiii)
It increases the volume of the water of the main river.
It decreases the volume of the main river.
An Estuary and A delta
An Estuary
1.
A Delta
It is a narrow deep valley at the mouth of the river where the currents
It is a triangular landform which is formed by the deposition of the
or the tides are strong or the currents of the river itself are swift. The
sediments at the mouth of the river. It is formed by the river. The
sediments are automatically removed before they are deposited and
river is often very swift at the source and in its upper course. As a
so the mouth of the river remains clear of the mud to form an
result, it carries large quantities of mud and silt. In the course of time,
estuary.
the river bed is raised and the currents have to find their new
channel. As a result it is divided into branches which together form
the delta.
(xiv)
1.
Indo- Gangetic Plain and The Deccan Plateau
Indo- Gangetic Plain
The Deccan Plateau
It extends from the Punjab plain in the west to Brahmaputra valley in
It lies in the south of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is triangular in shape.
the east. This plain lies to the south of the Himalayas.
It bounded on its north by the Vindhyas and the Satpura hills while its
eastern and the western boundaries are formed by the eastern and
the western ghats.
2.
Its surface is even and the soil is very fertile.
Its surface is uneven and rocky. The soil is not as fertile as in the
Indo-Gangetic plain.
3.
A fine network of the perennial rivers like Ganga, Indus,
Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, Cauveri are the chief rivers. In this
Brahmaputra flow through this plain. The rivers are also the useful
region, these rivers are swift and make waterfalls so they are not
for navigation, irrigation and generation of the hydroelectricity.
navigable. These rivers are not perennial and go dry in the hot
season.
4.
5.
The Indo-Gangetic plain possesses the alluvial deposits transported
The Deccan plateau is formed of the hard igneous and metamorphic
by the Himalayan rivers.
rocks.
The South-west monsoons bring extensive rains in summer. While
The Plateau is surrounded by the mountains on all the sides so the
the eastern portion gets heavy rains, and the western portion is
rainfall is scanty.
comparatively dry.
6.
7.
The Indo-Gangetic plain is well irrigated by the canals, wells and the
Tanks are the chief means of irrigation. Storage canals carry water
tube wells.
from these tanks to the fields.
The Indo- Gangetic plain is most densely populated plains of the
The Deccan plateau is not thickly populated as is the Indo- Gangetic
world.
plain.
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
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22.
Which type of the plate boundary led to the formation of Himalayan mountains, the highest in the world?
(a)
Convergent
(b) Divergent
(c) Collision
(d) Transform
Which part of India was once part of Gondwanaland?
(a)
Northern part
(b) Peninsular part
(c) Western part
(d) None of these.
Where do most of the earthquakes and the volcanoes occur?
(a)
Near plates
(b) At the plate
(c) Within the plates
(d) Both (b) and (c)
margins
In what ways does the transform boundary differ from the boundary types?
(a)
They are always
(b) They can result in
(c) In this boundary one
(d) In this boundary, a plate moves in a
found on the ocean
the volcanic activity
plates slides beneath the
direction that is parallel to the boundary
floor
other
line.
Name the northern most range of the Himalayas.
(a)
Himadri
(b) Himachal
(c) Shiwalik
(d) Kumaon
What is the average height of the mountain peaks in the inner Himalayas?
(a)
2400m
(b) 6000m
(c) 4500m
(d) 1100m
Which mountain system represents the loftiest and one of the rugged mountain barriers of the world?
(a)
Alps
(b) Himalayas
(c) Andes
(d) Urals
The width of the Himalayas varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 1500 km in ____________:
(a)
Andhra Pradesh
(b) Arunachal Pradesh (c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Uttar Pradesh
What types of rocks are mostly found in Himalayas?
(a)
Sedimentary
(b) Igneous
(c) Metamorphic
(d) All of these
Which of the following is true for the Himalayan mountains?
(a)
They often act as the (b) They are rich in the (c) They receive heavy
(d) They pose no problem to the
climate barriers
minerals
rainfall
communication.
What is topography of the Himalayan mountain system?
(a)
Old, low hills, wide
(b) Youthful, rugged,
(c) Old, high peaks and the
(d) Youthful, high peaks and the fast
valleys
low hills
slow flowing rivers
flowing rivers
In which state of India are Kangra and Kullu valley located?
(a)
Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Himachal Pradesh (c) Uttarakhand
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Which one of the following hills is part of Purvanchal?
(a)
Naga hills
(b) Manipuri hills
(c) Mizo hills
(d) Garo hills
Mt. Everest is located in:
(a)
India
(b) China
(c) Nepal
(d) Bhutan
Which soil is suited for intensive agriculture?
(a)
Bhabar
(b) Bhangar
(c) Khaddar
(d) Alluvium
The rivers descending from mountains are involved in:
(a)
Erosional work
(b) Depositional work
(c) Riverine
(d) None of these
The western part of Northern plains refers to:
(a)
Assam plain
(b) Punjab plain
(c) Ganga plain
(d) None of these
Which of the following rivers forms the Northern plains?
(a)
Ganga
(b) Brahmaputra
(c) Indus
(d) All of these
Which among the following physiographic divisions is considered the oldest landmass?
(a)
Himalayas
(b) Peninsular plateau (c) Central Highlands
(d) Western ghats
Which one of the following plateau is in the form of the triangle?
(a)
Deccan plateau
(b) Malwa plateau
(c) Chhotanagpur plateau
(d) All of these
Name the highest peak in the Western ghats:
(a)
Anaimudi
(b) Mahendra Giri
(c) Doda Betta
(d) Namcha Barwa
Name the desert situated on the western margins of the Aravalli Hills:
(a)
Rann of Kutch
(b) The Indian desert
(c) Leh
(d) There is no desert in India
23.
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39.
40.
Which is the most distinct feature of the desert in India?
(a)
Barchans
(b) Sand dunes
(c) Low vegetation
(d) Arid climate
Which one of the following coastal strips is situated on the west coast of India?
(a)
Coromandel Coast
(b) Konkan Coast
(c) Malabar coast
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Where is the northern circar situated?
(a)
North of Malabar
(b) Northern part of
(c) Northern part of the
(d) Along the Arabian sea
coast
the Eastern ghats
Western ghats
Which one of the following rivers forms deltas on the eastern coast?
(a)
Godavari
(b) Narmada
(c) Tapi
(d) Chambal
In which state is the largest salt water lake of Asia located?
(a)
Andhra Pradesh
(b) Orissa
(c) West Bengal
(d) Tamil Nadu
Mumbai-Goa coast is also called:
(a)
Northern Circars
(b) Malabar Coast
(c) Konkan coast
(d) Coromandel Coast
Name the administrative headquarters of the Lakshadweep Islands:
(a)
Pitli
(b) Andaman
(c) Kavaratti
(d) Puducherry
What is the name given to the eastern mountain range that forms its boundary with Myanmar?
(a)
Uttarakhand
(b) Purvanchal
(c) Himadri
(d) Shiwalik
Some plates come towards each other and form:
(a)
Convergent boundary (b) Divergent
(c) Transform boundary
(d) None of the above
boundary
The Gondwana land as one single landmass included which of the following countries:
(a)
India
(b) Australia
(c) South Africa
(d) South America
The most recent landforms of India are:
(a)
The Himalayas
(b) The Northern
(c) The Peninsular plateau
(d) The Western Ghats
plains
The highest peaks of the Himalayas is :
(a)
Kanchenjunga
(b) Mt. Everest
(c) Nanda Devi
(d) Nanga Parbat
In which of the following states Mussoorie and Nainital are located?
(a)
Uttar Pradesh
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
The parts of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj is known as:
(a)
Kumaon Himalayas
(b) Punjab Himalayas
(c) Assam Himalayas
(d) Nepal Himalayas
Which river marks the easternmost boundary of the Himalayas?
(a)
Ganga
(b) Tapi
(c) Brahmaputra
(d) Yamuna
Which part of India is agriculturally very productive due to rich soil, adequate water supply and favourable climate?
(a)
Peninsular Plateau
(b) Northern Plans
(c) Western Ghats
(d) Eastern Ghats
Which of the following states is the land of five rivers?
(a)
Haryana
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) Punjab
Major portion of which part of the Northern Plains lies in Pakistan:
(a)
Ganga Plain
(b) Brahmaputra Plain (c) Punjab Plain
(d) None of the above
Which one of the following is not a division of the Northern Plain on the basis of the variation in the relief features?
(a)
Bhabhar
(b) Desert
(c) Bhangar
(d) Terai
The Deccan Trap of the Peninsular plateau is an area of:
(a)
Black soil
(b) Sandy soil
(c) Red soil
(d) None of the above
Chilika lake lies in the state of:
(a)
Jharkhand
(b) West Bengal
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Orissa
Mahendragiri is the highest peak in the:
(a)
Western Ghats
(b) Eastern Ghats
(c) Punjab Himalayas
(d) Assam Himalayas
Which one of the following is the only larger river in India?
(a)
Luni
(b) Ganga
(c) Kaveri
(d) Tapi
Which one of the following group of islands is composed of the small coral islands?
(a)
Maldives
(b) Andaman
(c) Nicobar
(d) Lakshadweep
The northern part of the western coast is called:
(a)
Konkan plain
(b) Kannad plain
(c) Malabar coast
(d) None of the above
The southern part of the plain along the Bay of Bengal is called as:
(a)
Coromandel coast
(b) Kannad plains
(c) Malabar coast
(d) Konkan
Which of the following groups of islands is one of the great strategic importances for India?
(a)
Lakshadweep
(b) Andaman and
(c) Maldives
(d) None of the above
Nicobar
Why is India a vast country in terms of the landforms?
(a)
Due to the varied
(b) Due to uniform
(c) Due to the undulating
(d) Due to plant landforms
landforms
landforms
landforms
Name one of the following rocks used for making the talcum powder:
41.
(a)
Marbel
(b) Sand
(c) Clay
(d) Soapstone
Which of the following theories are most plausible theories in explaining the formation of the physical features of India?
(a)
Theory of the star
(b) Theory of nebula
(c) Theory of the plate
(d) Theory of the continental drift
dust
tectonic
Important Questions
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51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
Which process led the formation of the present landforms or the relief features of India?
What is asthenosphere?
What produces heat in the interior of the earth?
Name the major plate tectonic.
What are the three types of the tectonic plates?
What happens when the two plates come together?
How did the crust caused to the fracture and the fold?
Name the ancient supercontinent.
Where does India rank among the countries of the world in respect of the area?
Name the principle of the formation of the landforms which is broadly accepted these days.
Name the four important passes situated across the Himalayan mountains in the Indian subcontinent.
Enumerate the major loftiest mountain peaks of the Himadri.
Where lies the Himachal or the lesser Himalayan range?
Name the important sub-ranges of the Himachal Ranges.
Which valleys are situated in the Himachal Range?
What is this range known for?
Where are Kailash and Mansarover situated?
Name the highest peak of main Himalayas in India.
Name the highest mountain peak of India.
Name the second highest peak of the world.
Which rivers in India flow in the rift valley?
Name the main physical features of the of the North plain.
Divide the northern plains into the subdivisions.
Which is the highest peak of the Peninsular India?
Which coast is known for its back waters? (Ans: Malabar Coast in Kerela)
Name 2 hill stations of Peninsular India. ( Ans: Udagmandalam (Ooty) and Kodai Kanal)
Name the only active volcano of the country. Where is it situated? (Ans: Barren islands in Andaman and Nicobar islands)
Which Union Territory is situated in the Arabian Sea and is a group of islands?
Name the group of islands situated in the Bay of Bengal. What is their origin?
What is the highest mountain peak of the Indian subcontinent?
In which states are the Aravallis mainly situated?
What are the North- west Himalayas?
Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
Enumerate the important hills of the Purvanchal mountains.
Locate some of the major peaks on the map according to the altitudinal variations.
Which two forces are responsible for shaping the present landform features of India?
Which continents of today were parts of Gondwana land?
What is bhabhar?
Name the mountain ranges of the Purvanchal.
Name the oldest landmass of the Indian subcontinent.
In which state is the Satpura range located?
In which sea is Lakshadweep situated?
In which two states is Shivalik range situated?
Name the coast on which Cochin is situated.
What is the name of the southern part of the western coast of India?
Which is the highest peak of India?
Which side of the Western Ghats has the steep slopes? (Ans: Southern side)
Name two passes of the Eastern Himalayas.
Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan Ranges?
Name the island group of India having the coral origin.
What type of the mountain range is the Vindhyas?
On which coast of India, the Malabar coast lies?
Which physiographic division of India do the Aravallis belong?
Name the two island groups possessed by India.
What are the tectonic plates?
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How was the Arabian Sea formed?
Why are the Shiwaliks prone to the landslides?
Or
Shivaliks are prone to the landslides. Give reasons
Why the Himalayas are called the young fold mountains?
Why the peninsular mass if is considered oldest landmass?
Write any four characteristics of Ganga-Brahmaputra.
What is the Great Himalayas? Write two characteristic features of the Great Himalayas.
What are duns and where are they found?
Write any four features of the Ganga Basin
Or
Mention the three features of the Ganga basin.
What do you mean by a pass? Name any six passes of the Indian subcontinent. How have they affected India?
Distinguish between a plateau and a plain.
Give three features of the Ganga- Brahmaputra Delta.
Eastern Coastal plains are more fertile. Give reasons.
Ans: (i) Have thick alluvial deposits because of the more rivers.
(ii)
These plains get rains both in the summer and winters.
(iii)
These plains are wider than the western coastal plains.
Describe how the Himalayas were formed?
Describe the Ganga plain for (i) soil (ii) drainage
Name the two main divisions of the Peninsular plateau. Describe one important feature of each division.
Or
Write the short note on Central Highlands.
Distinguish between : (i) Converging and Diverging Plates (ii) Estuary and Delta
Compare and contrast the Northern plains and the Coastal plains.
Distinguish between : (i) Tributary and Distributary (ii) Bhangar and Khadar (iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Write three facts which prove that physiographic divisions of India are complementary to each other.
Write a short note on the Indian desert.
Name the six major physical divisions of India. What are the main mountains and the hill ranges? Find out the main rivers flowing out into the
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
What is Shiwaliks? Write two characteristics of it.
Name the two island groups possessed by India. Write briefly 3 features of the Shivaliks range which affect the human life badly.
Write 2 differences between the Glacier and the river. Name one glacier lying in UttarPradesh. Also name the river rising from this glacier.
Name any of the two physiographic divisions of India. Write one feature each of all the three Himalayan ranges.
Compare the Himalayan peaks with the Peninsular peak.
“India is a huge assemblage of landmass varying in age”. How?
Define the concept of the plate tectonics. According to this concept in how many plates is the crust divided?
How was the Great plains of India divided?
Give an account of the Deccan Trap.
What is Lagoon? Give an example of a lagoon.
Name the three types of the plate movements. Explain.
Differentiate between Himadri and Himachal.
Briefly describe the Shiwaliks.
Write a note on the eastern hills.
Differentiate between Bhangar and Khadar soil.
Write a note on the Terai and Bhabhar regions.
Why is peninsular plateau the oldest landmass? State its division.
Write a note on Aravali hills.
Briefly describe the Indian desert.
Differentiate between the western coastal strip and eastern coastal strip.
Write a note on island groups of India.
State differences between Western and Eastern Ghats.
Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau.
Why the Himalayas are called the Young Fold mountains?
Classify the plate movements. What are its effects?
What do you mean by the plate tectonics? Explain the theory of the plate tectonics.
Mention some highest peaks of the Himalayas with their location of the country.
What are the features of the Great Himalayas or the Inner Himalayas or the Himadri?
Describe the main features of the Himachal or lesser Himalayas?
Describe the features of the outer Himalayas or Shiwaliks.
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Describe the divisions of Himalayas that have been demarcated by the river valleys.
Write the short note of Purvanchal or the eastern hills.
Which region is known as the terai region? Which people have been settled here and how?
How was the peninsular plateau formed? Describe its main features.
Write a short note on the coastal plains.
How does the each physiographic division of India complement the other and makes the country richer in its natural resources?
Why is the peninsular plateau the oldest landmass? State its divisions.
What are the uses of Himalayas to India?
Or
Explain how the Himalayas act as a boon for India in four different ways.