Topic 5 Quiz Marking Scheme
(a)
(b)
(c)
animal waste products/old machinery e.g. tractors/broken tools/
crop waste (stubble);
Do not accept organic material.
1
430 million/100 × (13% [industry] + 20% [agriculture]);
= 142 million tonnes; (do not accept 141.9 tonnes)
Answer must specify units.
2
(i)
year: 2002;
1
(ii)
65
× 100
520
12.5%;
(d)
(e)
better environmental awareness;
better environmental education;
economic incentives to be waste friendly;
more laws preventing dumping;
better waste collection facilities;
government incentives to recycle waste;
Accept other appropriate answers.
from 1984 until 2002 the amount of waste produced per person
has increased;
1
2 max
1
[8]
(91.2  23.9  25.1  188)
= 92.5 %; (accept 92.0 to 93.0 %)
354.7
(a)
100 ×
(b)
To achieve full marks the answer must include at least one evaluation
comment.
most of the waste generated can be recycled or composted;
some of the waste could be reused e.g. jars/bottles/textiles;
composting and recycling would significantly reduce the amount
of domestic waste going to landfill/combustion;
hazardous wastes must be treated appropriately to reduce
environmental damage;
the advantages of reducing landfill should be explained to
householders;
incentives may be necessary to encourage householders to
recycle rubbish;
recycling is cheaper if householders sort their own waste;
recycling will not continue if there is no demand for recycled
goods;
manufacturers may be made responsible for the final disposal
1
of large items e.g. cars/refrigerators;
Any other reasonable point.
3 max
[4]
(a)
Award [1] for three of the following.
describe:
as household size increases, so does the total amount of waste
produced, but per capita
generation decreases;
when two people in household, the per capita rate is 1.4 kg day–1
but the rate decreases to 0.9 when three in household/
any other valid comparison;
the per capita rate remains constant when more than eight
in household;
the per capita rate drops by approximately half (from 1.4 to
0.7 kg day–1) when four in household instead of two;
no data for single person household;
explain:
economies of scale;
larger packets have lower proportion of packaging to food;
larger families may be poorer and so consume less;
Any other reasonable suggestion.
If no explanation given, [2 max].
(b)
environmental impact assessment/survey of existing situation;
start recycling program: glass/paper/cans;
produce compost from left-over food/garden waste;
reuse more materials;
minimize packaging;
buy second-hand articles;
buy articles with longer life-span;
Any other reasonable suggestion.
3 max
4 max
[7]