Appendix 2 Pesticide/biocides data
109
Appendix 2.1: Regulatory requirements for approval of pesticides permitted in EU Organic Regulations in various EU
Member States.
UK
Netherland Germany
Sweden
Ireland Greece
Regulatory factor
s
Organic permitted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
substances
commercially
available
Evaluation by
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
regulator
Human safety data & Same as for all pesticide
Same as for all Same as for all pesticides
Same as Basic tox data, including
evaluation
pesticides
for all
acute, short and chronic
pesticides
Environment safety Same as for all pesticide
Same as for all Same as for all pesticides
Same as Few data on eco-tox required
data & evaluation
pesticides
for all
(e.g. acute toxicity to bees)
pesticides
Use of ‘reasoned
Reasoned arguments can
In accordance Yes for many, with
Same as Yes, in some cases if well
argument’ acceptable be accepted in place of
with Directive justification accepted by
for all
substantiated
data, where appropriate.
91/414/EEC
National Chemical
pesticides.
Inspectorate. Thus in
practice full data &
evaluation not required
Efficacy requirements No distinction is made.
In accordance Efficacy requirements the
Same as Standard efficacy data
for organic pesticides All products are required
with Directive same for all pesticides
for all
required. In some cases
to be regulated under
91/414/EEC
pesticides efficacy data from other
UK pesticide legislation
countries accepted
are evaluated in the same
way. The key criteria for
110
efficacy evaluation is
how the efficacy claimed
relates to the label
claims
None known
Annex II(b)
substances not sold as
plant protection
products
Regional regulation No
Pesticide Directive
Yes
(91/414) appropriate
to organic or nonconventional active
substances?
No
No
Yes (in
absence of
agreed
directives/
guidelines)
Some. A chemical may be
used as a pesticide provided
use does not cause danger to
humans or environment
No
Yes
Not
known
Not known
No
Yes
No
Yes, but there is a need for
amendments to give flexibility
in data requirements for
authorization of products
falling into the category of
“low risk”
111
Appendix 2.2 Usage, properties, ecotoxicity and hazard classification for major synthetic pesticides
Area
treated
in 2000
(ha)
Fish
Daphnia Algae
Kow
DT50 (soil)
P
B
T
min
max
Fungicide on top fruit
Bupirimate
16300
1
7.3
3.9
35
90
P
N
T
Captan
58910
0.034
7
2.8
1
I
N
V
Carbendazim
8366
0.83
0.13
1.3
1.5
8
32
P
N
V
Copper oxychloride
4961
0.78
3.5
Dinocap
1437
0.015
0.05
32
4.5
4.5
6.1
I
B
V
Dithianon
38537
0.1
2.4
12
2.84
P
P
N
V
Dodine
15318
0.53
-0.88
20
I
N
V
Fenarimol
602
1.8
0.0068
1.5
3.7
60
130
P
N
V
Fenbuconazole
3349
1.5
1
0.66
3.2
28
84
P
N
V
Flusilazole
2931
1.2
3.4
7.3
3.7
420
P
N
T
Kresoxim-methyl
17794
0.19
0.19
0.063
3.4
0.5
0.9
I
N
V
Mancozeb
4804
2.2
0.58
1100
0.62
6
15
I
N
V
Myclobutanil
40203
4.2
11
2.7
2.9
66
P
N
T
Penconazole
27262
1.7
7
0.83
3.7
133
343
P
N
V
Pyrifenfox
17594
7.1
3.6
0.095
3.7
50
120
P
N
V
Pyrmethanil
10513
11
2.9
1.2
2.8
7
54
P
N
T
Triademefon
4902
17
11
1.7
3.1
6
18
I
N
T
Vinclozolin
899
22
4
4
3
20
I
N
T
Insecticides
Diflubenzuron
1234
140
0.0071
0.045
3.9
6
7
I
N
V
112
Carbaryl
2275
1.3
0.006
0.03
1.6
7
28
I
N
V
113
Pirimicarb
Amitraz
Fenoxycarb
Gamma-HCH
Chlorpyrifos
Fenitrothion
Pirimiphos-methyl
Fenproximate
Tebufenpyrad
Cypermethrin
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Clofentazin
Potatoes
Cymoxanil (+mancozeb)
Fluzinam
Mancozeb
Dimethomorph (+
mancozeb)
Fentin hydroxide
Area
treated
in 2000
(ha)
Fish
Daphnia Algae
Kow
7329
1173
8814
521
32364
902
1874
952
764
2719
548
580
29
0.74
1.6
0.022
0.003
1.7
0.64
0.079
0.018
0.00069
0.00024
>0.15
0.017
0.035
0.4
1.6
0.0017
0.011
0.00008
0.2
0.04
0.00015
0.00036
>.0014
140
>12
1.1
0.78
0.23
4.8
1
0.54
3.2
1
0.32
348867
284889
127966
61
0.11
2.2
27
0.22
0.58
122038
121312
>14
0.022
49
0.016
P
B
T
1.7
5.5
4.1
3.5
4.7
3.5
5
5
4.6
6.6
7
4.1
DT50 (soil)
min
max
7
234
1
few
31
28
209
60
120
12
28
30
27
50
20
30
112
28
84
28
85
P
I
P
P
P
I
P
P
P
P
P
P
N
B
B
N
B
N
B
B
B
B
B
B
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
5.2
>5.7
1100
0.67
3.6
0.62
0.9
33
6
9
62
15
I
P
I
N
N
N
T
V
V
>29
0.002
2.6
3.4
80
20
90
40
I
P
N
N
H
V
114
Appendix 2.3 UK Policy context – Timetable
Policy initiative (see section 3.4)
Timetable
3.4.1 EU Pesticides Directive 91/414
Review – particularly 4th stage
All decisions on Annex I of active
substances in the fourth list are due to be
taken by December 2008
The European Commission is due to
publish its position on the Thematic
Strategy on the Sustainable Use of
Pesticides in September 2004
A draft Strategy may be available for
consultation in May 2004
Ongoing
Ongoing, due for review mid 2004
EU Thematic Strategy and the EU
6th Environmental Action Plan
3.4.3 UK National Pesticides Strategy
(Defra, Pesticide Safety Directorate)
3.4.4 PSD Small Business Champion
3.4.5 PSD pilot project on registration
of biological products
PSD research on regulation of pheromone
products
Advisory Committee on Pesticides subgroup report: Alternative approaches to
chemical pesticides
3.4.8 FSA residue minimisation policy
3.4.9 Cabinet Office Better Regulation
biopesticide engagement
3.4.10 European Action Plan for Organic
Food and Farming
3.4.11 UK Organic Action Plan
Research should be completed in 2004
The Committee has published a draft
final report in November 2003.
Revisions to be expected in 2004
The FSA Board will discuss the policy at
its May 2004 meeting
The final report was published in January
2004. No further work is planned at
present
In early 2004, the Commission will
prepare the final Action Plan in the form
of a Communication to the Council and
the European Parliament.
Published in 2002 and implementation is
ongoing
115
Appendix 2.4 Approved Commodity substances
The commodity substances that can be used as a pesticide in the UK are listed below.
For some substances separate approval is given for different fields of use. The
approval detailing the conditions which a user must follow when the commodity
substance is used as a pesticide can be viewed via the
webpage(www.pesticides.gov.uk).
4-chloro-m-cresol
Camphor
Carbon dioxide (Only as an insecticide, acaricide and rodenticide in food storage
practice, Only as a rodenticide, Only in vertebrate control )
Disodium Octoborate Tetrahydrate
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethylene
Formaldehyde (Only as an agricultural/horticultural fungicide and sterilant, Only as
an insecticide/preservative)
Isopropanol
Methyl bromide
Liquid nitrogen
Paraffin oil
Peroxyacetic acid
Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate)
Sodium chloride
Sodium hypochlorite
Strychnine hydrochloride
Sulphuric acid
Tetrachloroethylene
Thymol
Urea
White spirit
116
Appendix 2.5 EPA Biopesticide fact sheets
The EPA web pages contains a list of the Biopesticide active ingredients regulated by
the Office of Pesticide Programs. The program is in the process of preparing a series
of documents about each of the active ingredients.
Chemical name (common name) (EPA ID number) [currently few common names are
included]
(1R-Z)-1-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl) cyclobutane ethanol (112401)
(E)-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde (112403)
(E)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol (129020)
(E)-11-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate (129019)
(E)-4-Tridecen-1-yl acetate (121902)
(E)-5-Decenol (078038)
(E)-5-Decenol acetate (117703)
(E)-8-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (128907)
(E)-9-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (119004)
(E)-9-Tricosene (103202)
(E,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol (129028)
(E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate (117202)
(R,Z)-5-(1-Decenyl) dihydro-2(3H)-furanone (nuranone) (116501)
(Z)-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene) acetaldehyde (112404)
(Z)-2-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol (112402)
(Z)-4-Tridecen-1-yl acetate (121901)
(Z)-8-Dodecen-1-ol (128908)
(Z)-8-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (128906)
(Z)-9-Dodecenyl acetate (129004)
(Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol (119409)
(Z)-9-Tricosene (103201)
(Z)-11-Hexadecenal(virelure) (120001)
(Z)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate (129101)
(Z)-11-Tetradecenyl acetate (128980)
(Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-yl acetate (114101)
(Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate (117203)
(Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadien-1-yl acetate (117201)
(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-yl acetate (114102)
(Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal (000711)
1-Butanethiol (125001)
1-Methylcyclopropene (MCP) (224459)
1-Octen-3-ol (069037)
1,2,4-Trimethoxyhbenzene (040515)
1,4 Dimethylnaphthalene (055802)
1,7-dioxaspiro-(5,5)-undecane (Olive Fly Pheromone) (124851)
2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-Napthalene (2,6-DIPN) (055803)
2-Hydroxy-3-methyl 2-cyclopenten-1-one (maple lactone) (004049)
2-Phenylethyl propionate
2-Propynyl (S-(E,E))-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienate (107502)
3-(N-Butyl-N-acetyl)-aminopropionic acid, ethyl ester (IR3535) (113509)
3-Methyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one (MCH) (219700)
3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene-3-ol (farnesol) (128911)
3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene-3-ol (nerolidol) (128910)
117
4-Allyl Anisole (062150)
4-(or 5-)Chloro-2methylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid, 1,1-dimethyl ester
(trimedlure)(112603)
7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol acetate (114103)
Acetic Acid (044001)
Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 (114201)
Agrobacterium radiobacter K1026 (006474)
Allium sativum (Garlic) (128827)
Allyl isothiocyanate (Mustard, oil of) (004901)
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine hydrochloride (AVG) (129104)
Ammonium bicarbonate
Ampelomyces quisqualis M10 (021007)
Anagrapha falcifera Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus (NPV) (127885)
Anise oil (004301)
Anthraquinone (122701)
Aspergillus flavus strain AF36 (006456)
Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (006500)
Azadirachtin (121701)
Bacillus cereus Strain BP01 (119802)
Bacillus licheniformis Strain SB3086 (006492)
Bacillus popilliae (054502)
Bacillus pumilus strain GB 34 (006493)
Bacillus sphaericus Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (128128)
Bacillus subtilis GBO3 (129068)
Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 (129082)
Bacillus subtilis QST713 (006479)
Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (006480)
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (006400)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(c) & Cry I(c) delta-endotoxin in killed Pseudomonas
fluorescens (006457)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(b) delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary
for its production in corn (006430)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bb1 Protein and the Genetic Material Necessary for its
Production (Vector ZMIR13L) in Event MON 863 Corn & Bacillus thuringiensis
Cry1Ab Delta-Endotoxin and the Genetic Material Necessary for its Production in
Corn (STACKED PIP) (006430 & 006484)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(b) delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary
for its production (pZ01502) in field corn, sweet corn, and popcorn (006461)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(b) in corn from PV CIB4431 (006458)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(c) delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary
for its production in cotton (006445)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F protein and the genetic material necessary for its
production (plasmid insert PHI8999) in corn plants (006481)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein and the Genetic Material Necessary for Its
Production in Cotton (006487)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3A delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary for
its production in potato (006432)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bb1 Protein and the Genetic Material Necessary for its
Production (Vector ZMIR13L) in Event MON863 Corn (006484)
Bacillus thuringiensis K Cry1A(b) delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary
118
for its production in corn produced by HD-1 gene from PV pZ01502 (006444)
Bacillus thuringiensis K Cry1A(c) delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary
for its production in corn (006463)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai delta-endotoxin in killed Pseudomonas
fluorescens (006462)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (006403)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai GC-91 (006426)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (006401)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis EG2215 (006476)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (006402)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki BMP123 (006407)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki delta-endotoxin in killed Pseudomonas
fluorescens (006409)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG2348 (006424)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG2371 (006423)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG2424 (006422)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG7673 Coleoptera Toxin (006447)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG7673 Lepidoptera Toxin (006448)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG7826 (006459)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki EG7841 (006453)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki M200 (006452)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. San Diego delta-endotoxin in killed Pseudomonas
fluorescens (006410)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (006405)
Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 (128818)
Beauveria bassiana GHA (128924)
Beauveria bassiana strain 447 (128815)
Bergamot oil -Black Pepper oil
Burkkholderia cepacia
Candida oleophila isolate I-182 (021008)
Canola oil (011332)
Capsaicin (070701)
Castor oil (031608)
Cedarwood oil (040505)
Chitin (128991)
Chitosan (128930)
Cinnamaldehyde (040506)
cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (114301)
Citronella oil (021901)
Citronellol (167004)
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp.aeschynomene ATCC 20358 (226300)
Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08 (028836)
Corn gluten meal (100137)
Cydia pomonella granulosis virus (GV) (129090)
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (112603)
Cytokinin (116801)
Decanoic acid, monoester with 1,2-propanediol
Decanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
Diallyl sulfides (DADs) (129087)
119
Dodecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2-propanediol
Dodecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
Dipotassium phosphate (176407)
Douglas fir tussock moth NPV (107302)
Dried blood (000611)
Dyer's Woad Rust (Puccinia thlaspeos strain woad) (006489)
Ethyl (2E,4E,7S)-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate (128966)
Ethylene (041901)
Eucalyptus oil (040503)
Eugenol (102701)
Fish oil (122401)
Formic acid (214900)
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) (030802)
Geraniol (597501)
German Cockroach Pheromone (029028)
Gibberellic acid (043801)
Gibberellic acid, monopotassium salt (043802)
Gibberellin A4 mixed with Gibberellin A7 (116902)
Gliocladium catenulatum Strain J1446 (021009)
Gliocladium virens G-21 (129000)
Glycerol monocaprate
Glycerol monocaprylate
Glycerol monolaurate
Ground Sesame Stalks (128970)
Gypsy moth NPV (107303)
Harpin Protein (006477)
Helicoverpa zea NPV (previously Heliothis zea NPV) (107300)
Hydrogen peroxide (000595)
Indian meal moth Granulovirus (Plodia interpunctella GV) (108896)
Indole (025000)
Indole-3-butryric Acid (046701)
Iron phosphate (Ferric phosphate) (034903)
Isopropyl (2E,4E)-11methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-4 dodecadienoate (methoprene)
(105401)
Isopropyl (2E,4E,7S)-11methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-4 dodecadienoate (105402)
Jojoba oil (067200)
Kaolin (100104)
Kinetin (N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1-H-Purin-6-amine) (116802)
L-Glutamic acid (374350)
Lagenidium giganteum (129084)
Lauryl alcohol (001509)
Lavandin oil (040500)
Lemon Grass oil (040502)
Linalool (128838)
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE)(105120)
Mamestra configurata NPV (107308)
Maple Lactone (004049)
Meat Meal (100628)
Metarhizium anisopliae ESC1 (129056)
120
Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 (029056)
Methoprene (105401)
Methyl anthranilate (128725)
Methylcyclopropene (MCP) (224459)
Methyl salicylate (076601)
Mint Oil (128800)
Mono & di- potassium salts of phosphorus acid (076416)
Mustard oil (004901)
Myristyl alcohol (001510)
Myrothecium verrucaria, Dried fermentation solids & solubles of (119204)
Neem oil (025006)
Neem oil, clarified hydrophobic (025007)
Nitrogen, Liquid (128962)
Nosema locustae (117001)
N6-Benzyladenine (116901)
Octenol (069037)
Orange oil (040517)
Oxypurinol (447509)
p-Menthane-3,8-diol (011550)
Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka strain 97 (115002)
Pelargonic acid (217500)
Phosphorous acid and it's ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts (076002)
Phytophthora palmivora MWV (111301)
Piperine
Plant Extract 620 (169007)
Polyoxin D zinc salt (230000)
Potassium bicarbonate (073508)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (076413)
Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) replicase protein as produced in potato plants (006469)
Propylene glycol monocaprate
Propylene glycol monocaprylate
Propylene glycol monolaurate
Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28 (006478)
Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain Tx-1 (006473)
Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 (006438)
Pseudomonas syringae 742RS (006411)
Pseudomonas syringae ESC 10 (006441)
Pseudomonas syringae ESC 11 (006451)
Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22 UL (119196)
Puccinia thlaspeos strain woad (dyer’s woad rust) (006489)
Putrescent whole egg solids (105101)
Red pepper (070703)
Reynoutria sachalinensis (055809)
Rhamnolipid biosurfactant (110029)
S-hydroprene (128966)
S-kinoprene (107502)
S-methoprene (105402)
Sesame stalks (128970)
Silver nitrate (072503)
Sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate (129075)
121
Sodium bicarbonate (073505)
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (128860)
Sodium lauryl sulfate (079011)
Sodium o-nitrophenolate (129076)
Sodium p-nitrophenolate (129077)
Soybean oil (031605)
Sucrose octanoate esters (035300)
Spodoptera exigua NPV (129078)
Streptomyces griseoviridis K61 (129069)
Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (006327)
Thyme (herb) (128894)
Trichoderma harzianum ATCC 20476 (128903)
Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain T-22 (119202)
Trichoderma harzianum strain T-39 (119200)
Trichoderma polysporum ATCC 20475 (128902)
Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (105403)
Verbenone (128986)
Yeast Extract Hydrolysate
Xanthine (116900)
122
Appendix 2.6 Available dataset for all pesticides/biocides
Parameter
Chemical structure
Chemical name
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission rates
Preferred units/format
ChemDraw file
IUPAC format
g mol-1
-0
e.g. kg ha-1; dose (mg kg-1)
Proportion metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Amount produced; Chem draw
file
Unitless
Octanol-partition coefficient
(Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation constant
(pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water partition
coefficient (Kp)
Organic carbon normalised
soil/sediment water partition
coefficient (Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in sediment
Identity of degradates from
above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
g L-1
Pa
Pa m3 mol-1
L kg-1
L Kg-1
Half life (d)
Half life (d)
Half life (d)
Half life (d); ready/non-ready
Half life (d)
Half life (d)
Amount produced; ChemDraw
structure
Dissipation half life (d);
Measured concs (mg kg-1; mg
l-1)
-
123
NATURAL ORGANIC PESTICIDES
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Abamectin
Insecticide, acaricide
OCH3
HO
OCH3
CH3
O
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
CH3
H
O
CH3
O
H
CH3
O
OH
H
R
O
H
(i) R = -CH 2CH3 (avermectin B 1a)
O
(ii) R = -CH 3 (avermectin B 1b)
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
H
CH3
OH
abamectin
[71751-41-2] (abamectin)
C48H72O14 (avermectin B1a); C47H70O14 (avermectin B1b)
873.1 (avermectin B1a); 860.1 (avermectin B1b)
Application rates are 5.6 to 28 g/ha for mite control, 11 to 22 g/ha
for control of leaf miners.
4.4±0.3 (pH 7.2, room temperature)
7-10 g/l (20 ºC)
<3.7 x 10-3 mPa (25 °C)
2.7 x 10-3 Pa m3 mol-1 (25 °C)
U.V. irradiation causes conversion first to the 8,9-Z- isomer, then
to unidentified decomposition products.
Stable to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions at pH 5, 7, and 9 (25 ºC)
124
Parameter
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class (EPA)
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for rats 10, mice 13.6 mg/kg (in sesame oil)
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Mild eye
irritant; non-irritating to skin (rabbits).
(JMPR) 0.002 mg/kg b.w.
(formulation) IV
Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks 84.6, bobwhite quail >2000
mg/kg.
LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 3.2, bluegill sunfish 9.6 μg/l.
EC50 (48 h) 0.34 ppb, LC50 0.00034 mg/ml.
EC50 >100 mg/l.
LC50 (96 h) for pink shrimp (Panaeus duorarum) 1.6, blue crab
(Callinectes sapidus) 153 ppb
Toxic to bees. LD50 (contact) 0.0090 ug/l
LC50 (28 d) for earthworms 28 mg/kg soil.
Rapidly eliminated (80-100% in 96 h), mainly via faeces; urinary
excretion was 0.5-1.4%
Degradation/metabolism in each of three different plants is similar
and occurs predominantly by photolysis on the plant surfaces. The
definition of the residues is thus expressed as the combined
residues of avermectin B1 and its 8,9-Z-avermectin B1
photoisomer
Binds tightly to soil, with rapid degradation by soil microorganisms. No bioaccumulation. DT50 in soil 28 days
125
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Classs
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol
Plant-derived insecticide/deterrent
Eugenol
[97-53-0]
C10H12)2
164
2.27 (Exp.)
2460mg/l (25)
10.2 (25)
4.81E-008 atm-m3/mole (25)
Irritant
Naturally occurring plant phenolic not expected to be hazardous.
126
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
127
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine
Plant growth regulator
H2N
O
CO2H
NH2
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Aviglycine (aviglycine hydrochloride)
[49669-74-1], formerly [73360-07-3]
C6H12N2O3
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
160.2
-4.36
42.18 g/100 ml (room temperature).
2.84, 8.81, 9.95
Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.
Acute dermal LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg.
RfD 0.002 mg/kg b.w. [1997
128
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
LC50 (4 h) for rats 1.13 mg/l.
EPA (formulation) III; (formulation and tech. a.i.) IV
Acute oral LD50 for northern bobwhite quail 121 mg/kg. Dietary
LC50 (5 d) for northern bobwhite quail 230 ppm.
LC50 (96 h) for trout >139 mg/l. NOEL (96 h) for trout 139 mg/l.
EC50 (48 h) >135 mg/l. NOEL 135 mg/l
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
LD50 (48 h, oral) for honey bees >100 µg/bee.
LC50 for earthworms >1000 ppm.
129
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Azadirachtin
Insecticide
O
C
CH3
O O
CH3
CO2CH3
OH O
CH3
HO
CH3O
O
CH3C O
CH3OC
H
O
O
OH
O
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
azad
[11141-17-6]
C35H44O16
720.7
100 to 500g a.i. per hectare (frequent applications)
0.26 g/l.
3.6 x 10-6 mPa (azadirachtin)
Stable in the dark
. DT50 50 d (pH 5, room temperature); rapidly decoposed at higher
temperatures, in alkaline, and strongly acidic media
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
130
Parameter
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. No skin
irritation; slight eye irritation (rabbits). Slight skin sensitisation
(guinea pigs).
LC50 for rats 0.72 mg/l.
EPA (formulation) IV
Mallard duck (Margosan O) 1-16mg/kg (14 days) no negative
effects
LC50 trout (96h) with Margosan O 8.8ml/l for tilapia fingerlings
(24h) with neem oil – 1124.6ppm for carp (24h) with neem oil
302.7ppm.
On foliage, DT50 c. 17 h
In soil DT50 c. 25 d. Commercial formulations contain stabilisers
to retard hydrolytic and photodegradation.
131
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
6-Benzylaminopurine
Plant growth regulator
HN
CH2
N
N
N
N
H
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
6-benzylaminopurine
[1214-39-7
C12H11N5
225.3
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
Stable in acidic, alkaline and neutral aqueous solution.
30 g/a for apple trees
logP = 2.13 (unstated pH)
60 mg/l (20 °C)
2.373 x 10-6 mPa (20 °C
8.91 x 10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)
Stable to light and heat (8 h, 120 °C).
Acute oral LD50 for male rats 2125, female rats 2130, mice 1300
132
Parameter
Pesticide Data
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Not a skin or eye
irritant (rabbits); not a skin sensitiser.
0.05 mg/kg
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
WHO (a.i.) U (company classification); EPA (formulation) III
Practically non-toxic
LC50 (48 h) for carp >40 mg/l.
LC50 (24 h) for D. carinata >40 mg/l.
EC50 (96 h) 363.1 mg/l ('Paturyl' 10 SL formulation).
LD50 (oral) 400 μg/bee, (contact) 57.8 l/ha (both 'Paturyl' 10 SL
formulation).
Almost all of administered 14C was excreted in urine and faeces.
Three metabolites were identified
More than 9 metabolites were identified from metabolism studies
in soya beans, grapes, maize and cocklebur. Urea is an end product.
16 Days after application to soil at 22 °C, 6-benzylaminopurine had
degraded to 5.3% (sandy loam) and 7.85% (clay loam soil) of
applied dose. Other studies indicate DT50 7-9 w.
133
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Bilanafos
Herbicide
CH3
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
O
CH3 O
CH3
P CH2 H O
C
C CO2H
C
OH CH2 C C
NH H
NH H
H2N
Bilanfos, Bilanafos sodium
[35597-43-4] , [71048-99-2]
C11H22N3O6P, C11H21N3NaO6P
323.3, 345.3
0.5-1.0 kg a.i. / ha
1 kg/l, >1000 g/l.
Stable to light
Unstable in strong acids and strong alkalis.
Acute oral LD50 for male rats 268, female rats 404 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >3000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to
skin and eyes (rabbits).
134
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
LC50 for male rats 2.57, female rats 2.97 mg/l.
WHO (a.i.) II
Acute oral LD50 for chickens >5000 mg/kg.
LC50 (48 h) for carp >1000 mg/l.
LC50 (3 h) >5000 mg/l.
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Not toxic to earthworms
In mice, the main metabolite in the faeces following oral
administration was glufosinate (q.v.)
Rapidly degraded in soil and water.
135
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Blasticidin-S
Fungicide
NH2
N
HO2C
CH3
O
NH2
H2NC N CH2CH2 C
NH
N
O
CH2CO
NH
H
blasticidin S
NH
CH2
SO3H
benzylaminobenzenesulfonic acid
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
blasticidin-S, benzylaminobenzenesulfonate (BABS) salt
[2079-00-7] formerly [11002-92-9], [12767-55-4] and [51775-281]
C17H26N8O5, C30H39N9O8S
422.4, 685.6
Control of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) by foliar application at
100-300 g/ha. Benzylaminobenzenesulfonate (BABS) salt Control of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) by foliar application at
10-40 g/ha.
>30 g/l (20 ºC)
pKa1 2.4 (carboxyl), pKa2 4.6, pKa3 8.0, pKa4 >12.5 (three bases)
Stable to light
Stable at pH 5-7; unstable at pH <4 and in alkali.
136
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
‘Rather toxic to mammals.’.Acute oral LD50 for male rats 56.8,
female rats 55.9, male mice 51.9, female mice 60.1 mg/kg.
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >500 mg/kg. Severe eye irritant.
WHO (a.i.) Ib; EPA (formulation) II
blasticidin-S - LC50 (48 h) for carp >40 mg/l
blasticidin-S LC50 (3 h) for D. pulex >40 mg/l.
Almost all of 3H-blasticidin-S administered to mice was excreted
in the urine and faeces within 24 h.
In rice plants, cytomycin and deaminohydroxy blasticidin-S were
identified as the main metabolites.
In soil, DT50 <2 d (two soil types, o.c. 2.53%, 9.6%; moisture
42.6%, 87%, respectively; pH 6.0, 25 °C).
137
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
3-[N-butyl-N-acetyl]-aminoproprionic acid, ethyl ester
Insect repellent
[52304-36-6]
Apply to skin
Has been used as an insect repellents for thirty years with no
adverse effects. Toxicity testes show it is not harmful when
ingested, inhaled or used on skin. Eye irritant
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
138
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Pesticide Data
.
Because the a.i. is used only in products applied to human skin, no
risks to environ are expected.
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
139
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Canola oil
Insecticide
Products applied either by spray of irrigation systems.
No harmful health effects are expected (similar to those of other
vegetable oils used as food.)
Adverse effects to the environment or to organisms other than
140
Parameter
Pesticide Data
insects not anticipated because of low toxicity.
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Not allowed to be directly applied to water bodies therefore
exposure of aquatics extremely limited.
Rapid decomposition
141
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Capsaicin
Insect repellent
Hot pepper extract
57-06-7
Foliar and soil
Not considered to be toxic to mammals (GRAS)
Severe irritant
142
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Toxic
Rapidly degraded
143
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Citronella
Insect repellent
Skin and clothing
Natural, and has not shown any allergic or other adverse effects on
mammals
Is a naturally occurring compound and it is note expected that it
144
Parameter
Pesticide Data
will have any adverse effects on non-target organisms or the
environment. It has a non-cidal effect on target insects repelling
rather than killing them.
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
145
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Cytokinins
Plant growth regulator and nematicide
6-isopentenylaminopurine R =
NHR
N
N
N
NH
CH3
CH C
CH3
CH2
kinetin R =
CH2 O
CH2OH
zeatin R =
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission
routs
Application/emissio
n rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of
metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow,
P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law
Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
CH C
CH3
CH2
Cytokinins, 6-isopentenylaminopurine, kinetin, zeatin
cytokinins [308064-23-5], 6-isopentenylaminopurine [2365-40-4],
formerly [13255-47-5] and [5122-37-2] , kinetin [525-79-1], formerly
[525-80-4] and [33446-70-7] zeatin [1637-39-4], formerly [10052-592] and [129900-07-8]
6-isopentenylaminopurine C10H13N5, kinetin C10H9N5O, zeatin
C10H13N5O
6-isopentenylaminopurine 203.2, kinetin 215.2, zeatin 219.2
Soil and foliar
Kinetin pKa1 2.7; pKa2 9.9
146
Parameter
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of
degradates from
above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian
skin/eye toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian
Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity
(Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity
(Worms)
Environ fate
(Animals)
Environ fate
(Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for rats >5 g/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2 g/kg. Slight skin and eye
irritant (rabbits).
Natural and not expected to have any adverse effects on non-targets or
environment.
.
Zeatin not toxic to bees
Rapidly degraded in soil
147
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Dihydroazadirachtin
Insecticide
DAZA
Foliar application at 50g/ha
‘DAZA’ Acute oral LD50 for rats >5 g/kg
‘DAZA’ Rats LC50 > 2.9mg/l
Acute oral LD50 for DAZA bobwhite quail > 816mg/kg
148
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
DAZA LC50 rainbow trout 17.65 mg/l and LC50 blue gill sunfish –
17.65mg/l.
LC50 11.62mg/kg
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Non-toxic (96 hour acute dust exposure)
Short-lived (matter of days).
149
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
DMDP
Nematicide
(2R,5R)-dihydroxymethyl-(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine
Foliar
Preliminary tests indicate DMDP is of low toxicity to mammals
(further test needed to meet registration requirements)
Environmental impact expected to be low. Data awaited.
150
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
.
151
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Emamectin benzoate
Insecticide
R
CH3O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
OCH3
CH3
CH3
H
CH3
O
O
O
NH2
O
CH3
O
CO2
HO
O
H
O
H
B1a R = CH3CH2-
O
CH3
OH
B1b R = CH3-
Common name
CAS no
Emamectin benzoate
emamectin benzoate - [155569-91-8]; formerly [137512-74-4] and
[179607-18-2]. emamectin [119791-41-2]; formerly [123997-284] and [137335-79-6]
Molecular formula
emamectin benzoate C56H81NO15 (B1a); C55H79NO15 (B1b) ;
emamectin C49H75NO13 (B1a); C48H73NO13 (B1b)
emamectin benzoate 1008.3 (B1a); 994.2 (B1b)’ emamectin 886.1
(B1a); 872.1 (B1b)
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Spray at 5 and 25g a.i./ha
emamectin benzoate logP = 5.0 (pH 7)
emamectin benzoate 0.024 g/l (pH 7, 25°C).
emamectin benzoate 4 x 10-3 mPa (21 °C)
152
Parameter
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for rats 76-89 mg/kg.
Acute dermal LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. It is not irritant to
skin, and has no sensitising potential.
0.0025 mg/kg.
LC50 (4 h) for rats 2.12-4.44 mg/m3.
WHO (a.i.) II (company classification)
Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks 46, bobwhite quail 264 mg/kg.
Dietary LC50 (8 d) for mallard ducks 570, bobwhite quail 1318
ppm.
LC50
Toxic to fish not used on water courses .
LC50 0.99 ug/l.
Toxic to bees.
LC50 >1000 mg/kg dry soil.
Emamectin benzoate is partially metabolised but rapidly cleared
(DT50 following oral dosing 34-51 h), indicating that it has no
potential for bioaccumulation.
Metabolism has been investigated in lettuce, cabbage and sweet
corn. It is non-systemic, and rapidly degrades in sunlight to various
complex residues in which undegraded parent is the only significant
residue. The residues were very low.
Rapidly degraded. Binds tightly to soil. No bioaccumulation
153
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Oleic acid (Fatty acids)
Herbicide, fungicide, insecticide
CH3(CH2)7CH CH(CH2)7CO2M
M = H, Na or K
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
[112-80-1] (Z)- isomer; [112-79-8] (E)- isomer; [2027-47-6]
unspecified stereochemistry; [143-18-0] (Z)- isomer, potassium
salt;[84776-33-0] ammonium salt
C18H34O2
282.5
Foliar spray
Acute oral rats and mice LD50 > 5g/kg
Acute dermal LD50 rate >2g/kg
154
Parameter
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
LC50 rats >2g/kg
EPA formulations II
Non-toxic to non-target organisms or the environment. Dietary
LC50 mallard duck >5,620 ppm
LC50 (48h) for carp 59.2 ppm
LC50 (3h) >100 ppm
LD50 (contact) >25ug/bee
Fully biodegradable. Rapidly degraded in soil.
155
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Garlic extract
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Insect repellent
Foliar, repeat applications every 10 days
Garlic is used as food supplement, not considered to be hazardous.
Repellent to many animals including bees and wasps but not toxic
156
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
.
Not persistent
157
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Gibberellic acid
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Plant growth regulator
O
H
OH
OC
HO
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
H
CH3
CH2
CO2H
[77-06-5]
C19H22O6
346.4
Application rates up to 80 g/a.i. per application
-2.0
5 g/l (room temperature).
4.0
Slowly undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic
solutions, DT50 (20 ºC) c. 14 d (pH 3-4), 14 d (pH 7
Acute oral LD50 for rats and mice >15 000 mg/kg.
158
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to
skin and eyes
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
No ill-effect on rats subjected to 400 mg/l for 2 h/d for 21 d.
WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) III
Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail >2250 mg/kg. Acute oral LC50
>4640 mg/kg.
LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout >150 ppm.
Acute LC50 143 mg/l
Not toxic
Rapidly degraded in soil
159
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
L-glutamic acid plus gamma-aminobutyric acid
Plant growth regulator/fungicide/plant metabolic primer
Spraying or soil drenching
Toxicity test in animals and humans show no adverse effect from
GABA or L-glutamic acid.
No risks to the environment are expected because they occur in
160
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
nature and do not persist
Products not approved for application directly to water. AuxiGro
WP practically non-toxic to fish (>100mg/l)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
AuxiGro WP practically non-toxic to freshwater invertebrates
(>100mg/l)
161
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Harpin protein
Elicitor (micro-organisms derived) for systemic acquired resistance
Pre-planting or foliar spray, 5-25g/ a.i. ha at 14 day intervals
Acute oral LD50 rats > 5g/kg
Acute dermal LD50 rats >6g/kg, not irritating
Acute LC50 >2mg/l
EPA IV
LC50 dietary bobwhite quail 100,000ppm, LC50 acute oral
162
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
>4000mg/kg
LC50 Rainbow trout > 3,720mg/l
EC50 1,173mg/l
EC50 >182mg/l
LD50 >1258ug/bee
Harpin protein is non-persistent (degraded by light and microorganisms) and rapidly broken down in soil
163
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Indol-3-ylacetic acid
Plant growth regulator
H
N
CH2CO2H
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
[87-51-4]
C10H9NO2
175.2
1.5 g/l (20 ºC).
4.75
<0.02 mPa (60 ºC)
Unstable to light
Very stable in neutral and alkaline media
Acute LD50 for mice 1,000mg/l
Acute percutaneous LD50 for mice 1000 mg/kg.
164
Parameter
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
.
Not toxic to bees.
Rapidly degraded in soil.
165
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Jojoba oil
Fungicide/insecticide
Foliar spray
No harmful effects are expected from the use of jojoba oil in crop
protection
Adverse effects to the environment and non-target organisms are
166
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Pesticide Data
not anticipated because of the low toxicity of jojoba oil and its
rapid decomposition in the environment
Not allowed to be applied to direct to water bodies; therefore
exposure of aquatic should be extremely limited
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
167
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Kasugamycin
Fungicide, bactericide
NH
NH CH3 O2
HO2C N
H
O
HO
HO
OH
OH
OH
Common name
Kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate
CAS no
kasugamycin [6980-18-3] , kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate
[19408-46-9]
Molecular formula
Kasugamycin C14H25N3O9 , kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate
C14H28ClN3O10
Molecular weight
Kasugamycin 379.4, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate
433.8
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Foliar spray 20-10g/ha or seed treatment 20g/l
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate <1
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate 228 g/l (pH 7, 25 ºC).
Kasugamycin pKa1 3.23, pKa2 7.73, pKa3 11.0,
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate <1.3 x 10-2 mPa (25 ºC)
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate <2.9 x 10-8 Pa m3 mol-1
(calc.)
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate DT50 (50 ºC) 47 d (pH 5), 14
d (pH 9).
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
168
Parameter
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - Acute oral LD50 for male
rats >5000 mg/kg.
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - Acute percutaneous LD50
for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to eyes and skin (rabbits).
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - LC50 (4 h) for rats >2.4
mg/l.
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - WHO (a.i.) U; EPA
(formulation) IV
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - Acute oral LD50 for male
Japanese quail >4000 mg/kg.
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - LC50 (48 h) for carp and
goldfish >40 mg/l.
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate - LC50 (6 h) >40 mg/l.
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate LD50 (contact) >40 ug/bee.
Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate orally administered to rabbits
was mostly excreted in the urine within 24 h. When injected
intravenously to dogs, it was mostly excreted within 8 h. After oral
administration to rats at 200 mg/kg, no residues were detected in
eleven organs or blood; 96% of administered dose remained in the
digestive tract 1 h after administration
Degraded to kasugamycinic acid and kasuganobiosamine; finally
degraded to ammonia, oxalic acid, CO2 and water.
Degradation proceeds as in plants.
169
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Maple lactone
Insect attractant
Tablet/traps (3-5 traps/m2)
Not likely to produce adverse health effects in humans. Essentially
non-toxic
No harmful environmental effects are expected – no exposure to
170
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
any species but cockroaches. Not shown to be toxic to any
organisms against which it has been tested.
.
171
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
p-Menthane-3,8-diol
Insect repellent
[42822-86-6]
Sprayed on skin and clothing
No adverse effects
Eye irritant
Minimal or no risk to wildlife – low toxicity and limited uses
172
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
.
173
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Milbemectin
Acaricide, insecticide
CH3
CH3
H
O
O
CH3
O
O
OH H
O
H OH
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
H
R
Milbemycin A3: R = -CH3
Milbemycin A4: R = -CH2CH3
CH3
[51596-10-2] A3; [51596-11-3] A4
A3: C31H44O7; A4: C32H46O7
A3: 528.7; A4: 542.7
Applied at 5.6-28 g/ha.
A3: logP = 5.3; A4: logP = 5.9
A3: In water 0.88 ppm (20 °C). A4: In water 7.2 ppm (20 °C).
A3
-5; A4
-5 (both in mPa, 20 °C)
-4 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)
174
Parameter
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for male mice 324, female mice 313, male rats
762, female rats 456 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for male and female rats >5000 mg/kg.
Not a skin irritant.
0.03 mg/kg
LC50 (4 h) for male rats 1.90, female rats 2.80 mg/kg.
LD50 for male chickens 660, female chickens 650, male Japanese
quail 1005, female Japanese quail 968 mg/kg.
LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 4.5, carp 17 ug/l.
LC50 (3 h) for D. pulex >100 ppm.
LD50 (oral) 0.46 ug/bee; (contact) 0.025 ug/bee.
LC50 (14 d) for Eisenia foetida 61 ppm.
Soil DT50 16-33 d.
175
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Mildiomycin
Fungicide
NH2
NH
C
NH2
NH
OH
CO2H
O
CH2OH
N
O
N
HO
NHCO
H2N
H
CH2OH
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
[67527-71-3] formerly [57497-78-6], [67983-11-3]
C19H30N8O9
514.50
Spray, 5-10 g/hl.
2.8, 4.3, 7.2, >12
176
Parameter
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for male rats 4300, female rats 4120, male mice
5060, female mice 5250 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats and mice >5000 mg/kg. Nonirritating to skin and eyes (rabbits).
LC50 (96 h) for carp >100 mg/l; (168 h) for killifish >40 mg/l.
EC50 (48 h) for D. pulex 6.12 mg/l.
EbC50 (72 h) for Selenastrum 8.05 mg/l.
LD50 (48 h, oral and contact) >100 ug/bee.
177
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Pesticide Data
Milsana, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract
Fungicide, Plant activator
The extract is applied at 0.5% v/v in 500-1000 l/ha.
Acute oral LD50 (of concentrate) >5000 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 (of concentrate) >2000 mg/kg.
Moderately irritating to eyes, not irritating to skin (rabbits). Not a
skin sensitiser (guinea pigs).
LC50 (of concentrate) >2.6 mg/l.
178
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
No known toxicity. There is no evidence of allergic or other
negative reactions form researchers, manufactures, formulators or
other users. EPA has waived data requirements since this is a
natural plant extract and already exists in the environment.
.
Locally systemic; the increased phenolics dissipate over a period of
time.
179
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Natamycin
Fungicide
[7681-93-8]
C33H47NO13
665.7 (anhydrous)
Bulbs are dipped in a solution of the product
4.1 g/l (20-22 ºC).
Acute oral rats 2730-4670 mg/kg
No acute toxicity. Not a skin sensitiser. Not a skin or eye irritant
(rabbits)
WHO (a.i.) III
No adverse effect have been observed on non-target organisms or
180
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
environment
Not toxic to fish
Readily biodegradable
181
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Nicotine
Insecticide
N
CH3
N
H
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
[54-11-5] (S)- isomer; [22083-74-5] (RS)- isomers; [75202-10-7]
unstated stereochemistry; [65-30-5] (S)- isomer, sulfate
C10H14N2
162.2
Foliar application
0.93 (25 °C, unionized)
Miscible with water below 60 ºC, forming a hydrate, and above
210 ºC. 24,000mg/l
pKa1 3.1, pKa2 8.2
5.65 Pa (25 ºC)
Acute oral LD50 for rats 50-60 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits 50 mg/kg. Toxic to man by
182
Parameter
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
skin contact.
Toxic to man by inhalation
WHO (a.i.) Ib; EPA (formulation) I
Toxic to birds.
LC50 for larval rainbow trout 4 mg/l. Fish chronic NOEC for trout
2.9mg/l
LC50 for D. pulex 0.24 mg/l.
Toxic to bees, but has a repellent effect.
Readily absorbed through the skin.
Nicotine decomposes relatively quickly under the influence of light
and air. DT50 in soil 2.0 days
183
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
1-Octen-3-ol
Insect attractant
[3391-86-4]
Insect traps
Acute oral LD50 rats 340mg/kg
Acute dermal rats 3300mg/kg
Acute inhalation LC50 rats 3.72 mg/l
Minimal risk due to low exposure from the products
184
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Pesticide Data
Exposure to fish, insects and plants is expected to be minimal
because it is attached to electric insect traps.
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
185
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Oxytetracycline
Bactericide
CH3 OH OH N(CH3)2
H
H
OH
OH O
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
OH
OH O
CONH2
[79-57-2]; [2058-46-0] hydrochloride
C22H24N2O9
460.4
Applied as foliar spray to infected plants
Considered to be non-toxic to mammalian systems
186
Parameter
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Not expected to show adverse effects on non-target organisms or
on the environment.
.
187
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Pesticide Data
Pelargonic acid
Herbicide, plant growth regulator
CH3(CH2)7CO2H
Nonanoic acid
[112-05-0]
C9H18O2
158.2
Application by spray at blossom
3.45
In water 0.032 g/l (30 °C).
4.95
1 x 105 mPa (20 °C)
Acute oral LD50 for rats and mice >5000 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg.
LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.29 mg/l.
188
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Dietary LC50 for mallard ducks >5620 ppm.
LC50 (48 h) for carp 59.2 ppm.
LC50 (3 h) for D. similis >100 ppm.
LD50 (contact) >25 ug/bee.
Rapidly degraded in soil
189
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Plant-derived porphyrin-derivatives
Plant growth regulator/nematicide
150g/ha
Acute oral LD50 rats > 5000mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50 > 2.04ml/l. Minimal eye irritation in rabbits
EPA (formulation)IV
LC50 bowhite quail >2,500mg/kg
190
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
LC50 (96h) fathead minnow 879.2ppm (Agrispon)
LC50 53.76 ppm (Agrispon)
Not toxic
Rapidly degraded in soil
191
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Poly-D-glucosaime
Plant defence booster
Chitosan
[9012-76-4]
Tank mix ratio (1 Elexa 4:water) up to 900l/ha
Exempt from tolerance product
Not shown adverse effects on no-target organisms
192
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
.
Does not accumulate in environment
193
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Polynactins
Acaricide
R1
CH3
O
R4
O
O
R2
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
O
R3
O
CH3
dinactin: R1, R3 = CH3- ; R2, R4 = C2H5trinactin: R1 = CH3- ; R2, R3, R4 = C2H5tetranactin: R1, R2, R3, R4 = C2H5-
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
[33956-61-5] tetranactin; [7561-71-9] trinactin; [20261-85-2]
dinactin
C44H72O12 tetranactin; C43H70O12 trinactin; C42H68O12
dinactin
793.1 (tetranactin); 779.0 (trinactin); 765.0 (dinactin)
0.02 g/l (25 °C).
194
Parameter
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for mice >15 000 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for mice >10 000 mg/kg. Mild skin and
eye irritant.
EPA (formulation) IV
TLm for carp 0.003 ppm.
195
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Polyoxin B
Fungicide
O
R
NH
HO2C
O
N
O
C NH C H
O
H 2N
C
H
H
C
OH
HO
C
H HO OH
polyoxin B: R = -CH2OH
polyoxorim: R = -CO2H
CH2OCONH2
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
polyoxins [11113-80-7], polyoxin B [19396-06-6], polyoxorim
[22976-86-9]; [146659-78-1] zinc salt
polyoxin B C17H25N5O13, polyoxorim C17H23N5O14
polyoxin B 507.4, polyoxorim 521.4
Polyoxorim at 200 g/ha;
polyoxin B -1.21, polyoxorim -1.45
polyoxin B >1 kg/l (20 ºC). polyoxorim 35.4 g/l (pH 3.5, 30 °C).
polyoxin B pKa1 (carboxyl) 2.65, pKa2 (amino) 7.25, pKa3
(uracil) 9.52
polyoxorim pKa1 (carboxyl) 2.66, pKa2 (carboxyl) 3.69, pKa3
(amino) 7.89, pKa4 (uracil) 10.20
polyoxin B <1.33 x 105 mPa (20, 30 and 40 °C) polyoxorim <1.33
x 105 mPa (20, 30 and 40 °C)
polyoxin B Hygroscopic, and thus should be stored in tightly
closed containers under dry conditions. Stable between pH 1 and
pH 8.
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
196
Parameter
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Pesticide Data
polyoxin B Acute oral LD50 for male rats 21 000, female rats 21
200, male mice 27 300, female mice 22 500 mg/kg. polyoxorim
Acute oral LD50 for male and female rats >9600 mg/kg.
polyoxin B Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Nonirritant to mucous membranes and skin (rats). polyoxorim
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >750 mg/kg
polyoxin B LC50 (6 h) for rats 10 mg/l air. Polyoxorim LC50 (4 h)
for male rats 2.44, female rats 2.17 mg/l air.
polyoxin B EPA (formulation) IV
Polyoxorim LD50 for mallard ducks >2150 mg/kg.
polyoxin B LC50 (96 h) for carp >100 mg/l. Japanese killifish
unaffected by 100 mg/l for 72 h. polyoxorim LC50 (96 h) for carp
>100 mg/l.
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
polyoxin B LC50 (3 h) for D. pulex >40 mg/l. polyoxorim LC50
(48 h) for D. pulex >7 mg/l.
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
polyoxin B EbC50(72 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum >100
mg/l. polyoxorim EbC50 (72 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum
>100 mg/l.
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
polyoxin B LC50 (3 h) for Moina macrocopa >40 mg/l.
polyoxorim
LC50 (3 h) for Moina macrocopa >40 mg/l.
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
polyoxorim LD50 (96 h) for honey bees >28.774 µg/bee.
polyoxin B In upland conditions at 25 °C, DT50 <2 d (two soils,
o.c. 6.2%, pH 6.3, moisture 23.3% and o.c. 1.1%, pH 6.8, moisture
63.6%, respy.). In water, DT50 15 d (pH 7.0, 20 °C), 4.2 d (pH 9.0,
35 °C). polyoxorim In flooded soil at 25 °C, DT50 <10 d (two
soil types, o.c. 2.5%, pH 6.0 and o.c. 9.6%, pH 6.0, respy.). In
upland conditions at 25 °C, DT50 <7 d (two soil types, o.c. 0.6%,
pH 6.4, moisture 10.7% and o.c. 6.2%, pH 6.3, moisture 61.9%,
respy.). In water, DT50 15.4 d (pH7, 25 °C), 4.2 d (pH 9.0, 30 °C).
197
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Pyrethrins
Insecticide, acaricide
H
CH3
O H
C O
H
CH3
H
C CH
CH
CH
3
3
R
CH2 C
O
C H
R1
R = -CH3 (chrysanthemates) or -CO2CH3 (pyrethrates)
R1 = -CH=CH2 (pyrethrin) or -CH3 (cinerin) or -CH2CH3 (jasmolin)
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) [8003-34-7] , pyrethrins (chrysanthemates)
[121-21-1] pyrethrin I; [25402-06-6] cinerin I; [4466-14-2]
jasmolin I
pyrethrins (pyrethrates) - [121-29-9] pyrethrin II; [121-20-0]
cinerin II; [1172-63-0] jasmolin II
pyrethrins (chrysanthemates) pyrethrin I: C21H28O3; cinerin I:
C20H28O3; jasmolin I: C21H30O3
pyrethrins (chrysanthemates) pyrethrin I: 328.4; cinerin I: 316.4;
jasmolin I: 330. pyrethrins (pyrethrates) pyrethrin II: 372.4; cinerin
II: 360.4; jasmolin II: 374.5
Foliar spray
pyrethrins (chrysanthemates) 5.9 (pyrethrin I) pyrethrins
(pyrethrates) 4.3 (pyrethrin II)
pyrethrins (chrysanthemates) 0.2 ppm (pyrethrin I) pyrethrins
(pyrethrates) 9.0 ppm (pyrethrin II).
pyrethrins (chrysanthemates) 2.7 mPa (pyrethrin I) pyrethrins
(pyrethrates) 5.3 x 10-2 mPa (pyrethrin II)
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
198
Parameter
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) Acute oral LD50 for male rats 2370, female
rats 1030, mice 273-796 mg/kg.
pyrethrins (pyrethrum)Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >1500,
rabbits 5000 mg/kg. Slightly irritating to skin and eyes.
Constituents of the flowers may cause dermatitis to sensitised
individuals, but are removed during the preparation of refined
extracts
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) (JMPR) 0.04 mg/kg b.w. [1999].
pyrethrins (pyrethrum)LC50 (4 h) for rats 3.4 mg/l.
pyrethrins (pyrethrum)WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) III
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks >10 000
mg/kg.
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) Highly toxic to fish. LC50 (96 h) (static
tests) for coho salmon 39, channel catfish 114 mg/l. LC50 for
bluegill sunfish 10, rainbow trout 5.2 ug/l.
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) LC50 12 ug/l.
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) Toxic to bees, but exhibits a repellent
effect. LD50 (oral) 22 ng/bee; (contact) 130-290 ng/bee.
In mammals, rapidly degraded by oxidation
In the environment, degradation, promoted by sunlight and u.v.
light, begins at the alcohol group and involves the formation of
numerous unknown cleavage products. DT50 in soil 12 days
199
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Rotenone
Insecticide/acaricide
CH3
C CH2
H
O
O
H
CH3O
O
O
OCH3
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
[83-79-4]
C23H22O6
394.4
Foliar and to control fish populations in fish management; applied
at 0.005-0.250 ppm or
4.16
0.142 ug/ml (20 °C).
<1 mPa (20 ºC)
200
Parameter
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for white rats 132-1500, white mice 350 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >5.0 g/kg.
LC50 for male rats 0.0235, female rats 0.0194 mg/l.
WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) III, I (EC)
LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 1.9, bluegill sunfish 4.9 ug/l. .
Acute LC50 0.0012 mg/l
Not toxic alone to bees, but very toxic in combination with
pyrethrum.
In rat liver and in insects, the furan ring is enzymically opened and
cleaved, leaving behind a methoxy group. The principal metabolite
is rotenonone. An alcohol has been found as a further metabolite,
this being formed via oxidation of a methyl group of the
isopropenyl residue
DT50 in soil 3.0 days
201
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Pesticide Data
Ryania extracts
Insecticide
Ryanodine
[15662-33-6] (formerly [1361-01-9] , [1580-06-9] , [25800-57-1]
, [15800-60-9] ) ryanodine; [94513-55-0] 9,21dehydroryanodine;[8047-13-0] formerly ryania, now a deleted
number for ryanodine
C25H35NO9
493.6
Applied at 10-72 kg ryania/ha (20-145 g alkaloid/ha).
Soluble in water
Acute oral LD50 rats 1200mg/kg
202
Parameter
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
EPA (formulation) III
Ryania extracts are toxic to fish
203
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Sabadilla
Insecticide
CH3
N
OH
CH3 H
R
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission
routs
Application/emissi
on rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of
metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow,
P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law
Constant
Soil/sediment
water partition
coefficient (Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition
coefficient (Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of
degradates from
H O
O
H
OH
H
cevadine (i) R =
CH3
OH
OH
OH
O
C
C C
CH3
H
CH3
O
C
CH3O
veratridine (ii) R =
CH3O
H
OH
[8051-02-3] (sabadilla or veratrine); [62-59-9] (i); [71-62-5] (ii)
C32H49NO9 (i); C36H51NO11 (ii)
591.7 (i); 673.8 (ii)
Used for control of thrips in citrus and avocado, at 20-100 g total
alkaloid/ha.
555 mg/l (veratrine); 12.5 g/l (pH 8.07)
9.54 (ii)
204
Parameter
above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biotasediment/soil
accumulation
factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian
skin/eye toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian
Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity
(Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity
(Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity
(Worms)
Environ fate
(Animals)
Environ fate
(Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for rats 4000 mg/kg.
Irritant to mucous membranes, with a sternutatory action.
WHO (a.i.) O
.
Not toxic to beneficial insects
Readily absorbed through the skin.
Breaks down rapidly in air and sunlight, with little residual activity 7
dat.
205
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Soft soap
Insecticide
Foliage application 20g/l
The active components are considered as ‘Generally regarded as
Safe’
206
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
.
It is rapidly degraded in the environment and is not expected to
cause any long-term adverse effects
207
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Spinosad
Insecticide
(CH3)2N
CH3 O
O
HH
O
O
CH3CH2
O
O
CH3
HH
OCH3CH
3
OCH3
OCH3
O
H
R
spinosyn A, R = Hspinosyn D, R = CH3-
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
[168316-95-8]; [131929-60-7] spinosyn A; [131929-63-0]
spinosyn D
C41H65NO10 (spinosyn A); C42H67NO10 (spinosyn D)
732.0 (spinosyn A); 746.0 (spinosyn D
Foliar 12-150g/ha
2.8 (pH 5), 4.0 (pH 7), 5.2 (pH 9) (spinosyn A); 3.2 (pH 5), 4.5 (pH
7), 5.2 (pH 9) (spinosyn D)
Spinosyn A: In water 89 ppm (distilled water), 235 ppm (pH 7)
(both 20 °C). Spinosyn D: In water 0.5 ppm (distilled water), 0.33
ppm (pH 7) (both 20 °C).
8.1 (spinosyn A); 7.87 (spinosyn D)
3.0 x 10-5 mPa (25 °C) (spinosyn A); 2.0 x 10-5 mPa (25 °C)
(spinosyn D)
Stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 and 7; DT50 (pH 9) 200 d (spinosyn
A), 259 d (spinosyn D). Aquatic photodegradation DT50 (pH 7)
0.93 d (spinosyn A), 0.82 d (spinosyn D).
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
208
Parameter
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Acute oral LD50 for male rats 3783, female rats >5000 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating
to skin; slight irritation to eyes (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser
(guinea pigs).
(JMPR) 0.02 mg/kg b.w. [2001]; (US) 0.027 mg/kg b.w.; (Japan,
Australia) 0.024 mg/kg b.w.
LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.18 mg/l.
WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) IV (tech.), IV ('Tracer')
Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >2000
mg/kg. Acute dietary LC50 for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks
>5156 ppm
LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 30, bluegill sunfish 5.9, common
carp 5, Japanese carp 3.5, sheepshead minnow 7.9 mg/l.
EC50 (48 h) 14 ppm.
EC50 for Selenastrum capricornutum >105.5, Skeletonema
costatum 0.2, Navicula pelliculosa 0.09, Anabaena flos-aquae 8.9
ppm
EC50 (96 h) for Eastern oyster 0.3, grass shrimp >9.76 ppm. EC50
for Lemna gibba 10.6 ppm.
Highly toxic to honeybees when sprayed directly; topical LD50 (48
h) 0.0029 ug/bee; residues have little effect once dry.
LC50 (14 d) for Eisenia foetida >1000 mg/kg soil.
Spinosad is rapidly absorbed, extensively metabolised, and
eliminated mainly via urine and faeces. Metabolites include
glutathione conjugates and N- and O- demethylated macrolides. No
residues of spinosad were found in meat, milk or eggs
On plant surfaces, DT50 1.6-16 d; degradation is mainly by
photolysis. No residues of spinosad or metabolites were found in
cotton seed.
Rapidly degraded by u.v. light and soil microbes to naturallyoccurring substances. Soil DT50 for aerobic metabolism 9.4-17.3 d
(spinosyn A), 14.5 d (spinosyn D); the major metabolite from
spinosyn A is spinosyn B (N-demethylation product); spinosyn D is
metabolised similarly. DT50 for photodegradation on soil 8.7 d
(spinosyn A), 9.4 d (spinosyn D). DT50 for anaerobic aquatic
metabolism 161 d (spinosyn A), 250 d (spinosyn D). Adsorption
Freundlich K for spinosyn A 5.4-323; not determined for spinosyn
D (expected to be less mobile); for A metabolite (spinosyn B) 4.3179. DT50
radiolabel below 24 inches.
209
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Streptomycin
Bactericide
NH
NH
NHCNH2
H2NCNH
OH
HO
CH3
HO
OH
O
O
CHO
OH
O
O
CH2OH
CH3NH
OH
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Streptomycin [57-92-1] , streptomycin sesquisulfate [3810-74-0]
Streptomycin C21H39N7O12 streptomycin sesquisulfate
C42H84N14O36S3
Streptomycin 581.6; streptomycin sesquisulfate 1457.3
Foliar spray 200g a.i. per hectolitre
streptomycin sesquisulfate >20 g/l (pH 7, 28 ºC).
210
Parameter
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Pesticide Data
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Streptomycin Acute percutaneous LD50 for male mice 400, female
mice 325 mg/kg. May cause allergic skin reaction.
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Streptomycin Acute oral LD50 for mice >10 000 mg/kg.
streptomycin sesquisulfate Acute oral LD50 for rats 9000, mice
9000, hamsters 400 mg/kg.
EPA (formulation) IV
Not considered to be hazardous to non-target organisms or the
environment.
.
211
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Pesticide Data
Validamycin
Fungicide
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
HOH2C
NH
CH2OHO
OH
O
OH
OH
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
OH
[37248-47-8]; [38665-10-0] validoxylamine A (metabolite)
C20H35NO13
497.5
Foliar spray; 30g per hectoliter to give good control
-4.21 (calc.)
>610 x 103 mg/l (20 °C).
6.14 (20 °C)
<2.6 x 10-3 mPa (25 °C
Acute oral LD50 for rats and mice >20 000 mg/kg.
212
Parameter
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
No effect on chickens or quail at 12.5 g/kg administered orally.
LC50 (72 h) for carp >40 mg/l.
LC50 (24 h) for D. pulex >40 mg/l.
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to
skin (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs).
LC50 (4 h) for rats >5 mg/l air.
WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) IV
In rats, following oral administration, cleavage to glucose and
validoxylamine A occurs.
As for animals.
Stable in sunlight. Rapid microbial degradation in soil, forming
validoxylamine A; DT50 x 5 h.
213
NATURAL INORGANIC PESTICIDES
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Pesticide Data
Borax
Herbicide, fungicide and insecticide
Na2B4O7 .10 H2O
borax: [1303-96-4] (formerly [1344-90-7]); sodium tetraborate
(anhydrous): [1330-43-4]; sodium octaborate (anhydrous): [1200841-2]; sodium metaborate: [7775-19-1]
B4H20Na2O17
381.4
Spray application/insect baits
47.1 g/l (pH 9.3, 20 ºC).
Acute oral LD50 for rats 4500-6000 mg/kg.
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >10 000 mg/kg. Not an eye
or skin irritant.
214
Parameter
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) III
LC50 (24 d) for rainbow trout 1320 mg/l (disodium tetraborate
decahydrate).
LC50 (48 h) 1170 mg/l (disodium tetraborate decahydrate).
Not hazardous to bees.
Not metabolised in animals.
No microbial degradation. Disappearance from soil is by washing
out. Persistence in soil is <2 y, depending on rainfall and soil
structure.
215
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Bordeaux mixture
Fungicide
[8011-63-0] Bordeaux mixture; [11125-96-5] Burgundy mixture
Acute oral LD50 for rats >4000 mg/kg (WP formulation).
216
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Pesticide Data
Toxic to fish.
Not toxic to bees.
Copper is an essential element and is under homeostatic control in
mammals.
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
217
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Calcium polysulphide
Fungicide, insecticide, acaricide
CaSx
lime sulphur
[1344-81-6]
CaSx
Causes eye damage and skin irritation.
EPA (formulation) I
218
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
.
219
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Pesticide Data
Copper hydroxide
Fungicide, bactericide
Cu(OH)2
[20427-59-2]
CuH2O2
97.6
2.9 mg/l (pH 7, 25 ºC).
Acute oral LD50 for rats 489 mg/kg (tech.).
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >3160 mg/kg. Severely
irritating and corrosive to eyes, mild skin irritant.
LC50 > 2 mg/l air.
WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III
220
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
High concentrations of this type of copper are toxic to aquatic
organisms and may cause a significant decrease in populations of
aquatic invertebrates, plants, and fish. Acute oral LD50 for
bobwhite quail 3400, mallard ducks >5000 mg/kg. Dietary LD50
(8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >10 000 ppm.
LC50 (24 h) for rainbow trout 0.08 mg/l; (96 h) for fathead
minnow 0.023, bluegill sunfish >180 mg/l.
LC50 6.5 ppb.
Non-toxic to honeybees.
Copper is an essential element and is under homeostatic control in
mammals.
Plants resist copper accumulation and translocation to stems, leaves
or seeds. Most plants growing on soils containing up to 1000 ppm
copper showed only slight elevation in copper content compared to
plants grown in normal soils.
Copper is a basic chemical element and does not dissipate in the
soil. Soluble copper ions in the soil water are rapidly complexed by
organic matter, precipitated as hydroxides, or insolubilised as
precipitates with sulfides, hydroxides, carbonates, or phosphates.
221
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Copper Oxychloride
Fungicide
3Cu(OH) 2.CuCl2
Cl2Cu4H6O6
427.1
Foliar application
<10-5 mg/l (pH 7, 20 ºC)
Acute oral LD50 for rats 700-800 mg/kg
Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg.
LC50 (4 h) >30 mg/l.
WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III
222
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
LC50 (48 h) for carp 2.2 mg/l.
LC50 (24 h) 3.5 mg/l
Not toxic to bees.
Copper is an essential element and is under homeostatic control in
mammals.
Plants resist copper accumulation and translocation to stems,
leaves or seeds. Most plants growing on soils containing up to
1000 ppm copper showed only slight elevation in copper content
compared to plants grown in normal soils.
Strongly adsorbed by soils.
223
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Pesticide Data
Copper Octanaote
Fungicide, bactericide, algicide
(CH3(CH2)6CO2)2Cu
[20543-04-8]
C16H30CuO4
350.0
Acute oral LD50 for rats >2000 mg NEU1140F formulation/kg.
Acute dermal LD50 for rats >2000 mg NEU1140F formulation/kg.
No skin or eye irritation (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea
pigs).
EC50 for rats >0.38 mg NEU1140F formulation/l.
224
Parameter
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
EPA (formulation) III
Toxic to fish
Not toxic to bees.
Not toxic to earthworms
Degrades to free copper and octanoic acid; the latter is expected to
degrade further microbially.
225
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Pesticide Data
Copper sulphate
Algicide, fungicide
CuSO4.5H2O
[7758-98-7] anhydrous; [7758-99-8] pentahydrate
CuH10O9S (pentahydrate)
249.7 (pentahydrate)
Foliar application
148 (0 ºC), 230.5 (25 ºC), 335 (50 ºC), 736 (100 ºC) (all in g/kg)
Non-volatile
Acute oral LD50 difficult to determine, since oral intake leads to
nausea.
Causes severe skin irritation.
LC50 for rats 1.48 mg/kg.
226
Parameter
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) I
Less toxic to birds than to other animals. Lowest lethal dose for
pigeons 1000 mg/kg, for ducks 600 mg/kg.
Very toxic to fish.
EC50 (14 d) 2.3 mg/l; NOEC 0.10 mg/l.
Toxic to bees.
Copper is an essential element and is under homeostatic control in
mammals.
Plants resist copper accumulation and translocation to stems, leaves
or seeds. Most plants growing on soils containing up to 1000 ppm
copper showed only slight elevation in copper content compared to
plants grown in normal soils.
Copper is strongly adsorbed to surfaces of minerals and organic
matter, hence soil mobility is very low. In water, copper ions have
a strong tendency to form complexes or to be adsorbed, followed
by sedimentation. In the sediment, copper reacts with organic
matter or sulfides; these reactions reduce bioavailability
227
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Pesticide Data
Mercuric Chloride
Fungicide
HgCl2
[7487-94-7]
Cl2Hg
271.5
Application on turf
69 g/l (20 ºC).
Acute oral LD50 for rats 1-5 mg/kg.
WHO (a.i.) Ia
228
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
.
229
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Mercuric oxide
Fungicide, wound protectant
HgO
HgO
216.6
53 mg/l (25 ºC).
oral LD50 for rats 18 mg/kg. Extremely poisonous orally to all
animals.
WHO (a.i.) Ib; EPA (formulation) I
230
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Toxic to fish.
231
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Pesticide Data
Mercurous chloride
Fungicide, insecticide
Hg2Cl2
[10112-91-1] Hg2Cl2; [7546-30-7] HgCl
Cl2Hg2
472.1
Soil application
2 mg/l (25 ºC).
Acute oral LD50 for rats 210 mg/kg.
WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II
232
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
Toxic to fish.
233
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Petroleum oils
Acaricide, insecticide, herbicide, adjuvant
[64742-55-8]
Dermal LD50 for rabbits >5000 mg/kg . Not a skin sensitiser
(Buehler guinea pig test).
EPA (formulation) I
234
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
.
No risk of polynuclear aromatic compounds entering the food
chain.
235
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Sulphur
Fungicide, acaricide
[7704-34-9]
Sx
32.1
Control of scab on apples, pears, and peaches; powdery mildews
on a range of crops, including fruit (at 1.75-6.25 kg/ha), vines
(1.75-4 kg/ha), hops (1.75-6.25 kg/ha), beet (1.5 kg/ha), cereals (6
kg/ha), citrus (c. 6 kg/ha), ornamentals, cucumbers, vegetables,
and in forestry (1.2 kg/ha); shot-hole of stone fruit; and acarinosis
of vines. Also controls mites (particularly eriophyid mites) on a
range of crops
0.527 mPa (30.4 ºC) (rhombic); 8.6 mPa (59.4 ºC)
Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.
Irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes; (not observed with
'Kumulus DF').
236
Parameter
Pesticide Data
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
WHO (a.i.) III (Table 5); EPA (formulation) IV
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Acute oral LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail >5000 ppm.
Non-toxic to fish.
LC50 (48 h) >1000 mg/l.
EC/LC50 >100 mg/l.
Non-toxic to bees.
LC50 (14 d) >2000 mg/l.
Degradation proceeds primarily by microbial reduction in and on
plants.
In the environment, slight oxidation to the volatile oxides.
237
Parameter
Pesticide Name
Pesticide Activity
Chemical structure
Common name
CAS no
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Major emission routs
Application/emission
rates
Proportion
metabolised
Identity of metabolites
Octanol-partition
coefficient (Kow, P)
Solubility in water
Acid dissociation
constant (pKa)
Vapour pressure
Henry’s Law Constant
Soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Kp)
Organic carbon
normalised
soil/sediment water
partition coefficient
(Koc)
Photolysis half life
Hydrolysis half life
Persistence in air
Persistence in
activated sludge
Persistence in soil
Persistence in
sediment
Identity of degradates
from above studies
Fate in the field
Bioconcentration
factor
Biota-sediment/soil
accumulation factor
Mammalian oral
toxicity
Mammalian skin/eye
toxicity
Mammalian ADI
Mammalian Inhalation
Toxicity Class
Ecotoxicity (Bird)
Pesticide Data
Sulphuric acid
Herbicide, desiccant
[7664-93-9]
H2O4S
98.08
Foliar application
238
Parameter
Ecotoxicity (Fish)
Ecotoxicity (Daphnia)
Ecotoxicity (Algae)
Ecotoxicity (Other
aquatics)
Ecotoxicity (Bees)
Ecotoxicity (Worms)
Environ fate (Animals)
Environ fate (Plants)
Environ fate
(Soil/Environment)
Pesticide Data
.
239