Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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Big Question:
Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are produced. Each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. In general, there are two main types of reproduction: asexual (not sexual) and sexual . In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed. The DNA of the offspring comes from only one parent. The division of a bacterial cell into two daughter cells is an example of asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction requires the involvement of two parents, one of each sex. The DNA of the offspring comes from both parents. Human reproduction and the reproduction of most animals and plants around us are common examples of sexual reproduction.
I) Asexual Reproduction
A) Asexual reproduction requires ONE parent. The offspring are
IDENTICAL to the parent because they contain the same genes.
B) Single cells (like bacterium) reproduce asexually.
C) Asexual reproduction happens when a cell divides into two daughter cells.
D) The DNA of the cell replicates (copies) before dividing.
A copy of the DNA of the parent cell will be in each of the daughter cells.
E) Examples: Yeast cells, cells in human body, bacteria.
II) Sexual Reproduction
A) Sexual reproduction requires TWO parents. Genetic material from two parents combines to produce a new organism which
DIFFERS from both parents.
B) Special sex cells from each parent are involved in sexual reproduction. Sperm from a male. Egg from a female.
C) Each sex cell has HALF the number of chromosomes as body cells. Therefore, exactly HALF the number of chromosomes of the father is carried by the sperm and exactly HALF the number of chromosomes of the mother is carried by the egg.
D) The chromosomes from the sex cells (sperm and egg) of each parent combine to make the first cell of the offspring which will have the full number of chromosomes.
E) Body cells such as skin cells, muscle cells, or nerve cells are
NOT involved in reproduction.
F) Examples: Humans, most animals and most plants.
III) Number of Chromosomes in Body Cells of various Organisms
Human 46 Dog 78 Chimpanzee 48
Cabbage 18 Turkey
Earthworm 36 Mango
82 Cow
40 Pigeon
60
80
IV) Advantage of Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction allows for a mixing of the genes of the species. A parent with a harmful trait has a lower chance of producing an offspring with the harmful trait since the genes of the parent with the harmful trait mixes with the genes of another parent who may have the beneficial trait.
Rev: 4/10/2020

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
1.
Asexual reproduction requires _______________ parent.
2.
True or False? In sexual reproduction, the offspring gets a full set of the DNA of each parent.
3.
True or False? Asexual reproduction allows the offspring to have a lower chance of acquiring harmful traits.
4.
True or False? Most multi-cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
5.
During sexual reproduction, each sex cell (sperm or egg) carry ____________ the number of chromosomes of the parent.
6.
In asexual reproduction, the offspring is
___________ to the parent.
7.
True or False? The number of chromosomes determines the complexity of the organism. The more complex organisms have more chromosomes.
8.
Sexual reproduction allows for the
_____________________ of genes.
9.
In humans the sperm and egg each contain
_________ chromosomes.
10.
True or False? Sex cells of a cabbage contain 18 chromosomes.
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Mini-Essay (10 pts) Read, Understand, and Answer: How is DNA passed on to offspring during sexual reproduction? Imagine you are explaining to someone with NO prior knowledge.
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Self: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Honest and fair self-evaluation helps you improve.
Other: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
You are evaluating the work of the person
NOT the person.
If your handwriting is hard to read, maximum score is 5. You can type your essay and paste in the space.
Rev: 4/10/2020