Table1: Integration of DRM and CCA in Urban Land Use Planning and Management in Dar es Salaam (X)
Levels and
actors/organizations
Central
Government i.e.
Ministries
Disaster risk management
(floods)
Adaptation
Sustainable development
Remarks
GoT has to prepare National
Adoption Programme of action
(NAPA, 2007).
Preparation of general
planning scheme( Master
plan & regularization &
upgrading of unplanned
settlement
Establishment an
institutional structure of
central Government level
(VP & PMO)
Highly centralized
and without
mainstreaming
Regional and
District Authorities
(RC, RAS, DC, and
DAS
Initiated & relocating household Preparation and
occupying in flood prone areas
Implementation of
in the city.
resettlement plan
Established disaster
management and at regional
and district levels
In partnership with
municipal/local
authorities
Local Government
(City, Municipality)
-do-
- Clean drains & maintain
roads
- Land use development
control and monitoring
-Allocation of plots to
displace
Seconded senior technical
Ward and Mtaa
Routine collect information and
reporting of the same to the
municipal management
committees (CMTs)
-Supervise waste management
and cleaning of drains in their
localities.
-Mobilise of resources (cash
Land use development
control ( check blockage of
natural storm water drains);.
Established ad hoc disaster
management committees
NOT institutionalized yet
Council
management team
(CMT) routinely
receive and review
among other agenda
items, disasters and
related concerns
from Mtaa & Wards
The Ward disaster
management
committee work
closely with Mtaa
level
institutions/leaders.
Land development
control functions
(Neighborhoods)
and kind) to resolve local
environmental problems;
Sensitise and warn local
communities not to settle on
and or vacate flood prone areas.
undertaken are not
statutorily
sanctioned.
NGOs/Red Cross
Nil
Nil
Nil
NGO not really
sensitive land use
planning & cc issues
Private companies
Engaged as consultant in many
urban land use plan (MP)
Involved in implementation
of plans i.e. construction
storm water drains, cleaning
(solid waste infelt)
Training and facilitating
exposure to good practices –
outside the coutry.
Collaborate with private and
popular sector
Disconnect infrastructure
services among household in
flood prone areas
Participate in the
implementation of
resettlement plans; provided
some of the infrastructure.
Participate in CCA projects
implementation(i.e. trees
planting)
Many evolve and implement
Collaborating with other
actors to implement actions
(i.e. disconnection of power
and water supply)
Often profit
motivated,
undermining quality
of services provided
Despite working and
operating at nation
levels largely; they
have much influence
especially on policy
related matters.
Lack funds to
implement utility
supply in
resettlement areas
Donor/development
Partners
Fund land use plan,
NAPA (i.e. UNEP) and
GEF(Global Environmental
Facility)
Utility agencies
Prepared utility improvement
plans
Individual
households
Develop land (open spaces)
disregarding land use plans and
adverse implication associated
with climate change induced
Members of NAPA
committees
Members of informal
committees and local action
groups (DRR) at Mtaa level
and NGOs
Critical need for
sensitization.
hazards.
Source: Field studies, and NAPA (2007) report.
measure CCA and DRR at
household lever
The below matrix can be utilized to better understand the roles and responsibilities of the municipal level in relation to its mandate disaster risk
management, adaptation and sustainable development. It can either be utilized to indicate whether the municipalities role is important (high,
some, low) or for indicating the actual task involved.
This matrix could be compared to the matrix above covering what the municipality actually is involved in due to various types of constraints on
its operations. One could also make a similar matrix for what roles and responsibilities the national and local state agencies have in comparison to
the municipal levels.
Fig Role of city/municipal government in adaptation (mandated in decentralisation policy)
Role of
Municipality in
DRM/CCA
Urban planning and
land management
Storm water
drainage
Disaster risk
Adaptation
management (floods)
Sustainable
development
Disaster preparation,
response, recovery,
transfer risks
low
Reduce
Transformation
exposure/vulnerability
Increase resilience
high
high
High for cleaning
drains before rains
Some – since a state
responsibility to
provide
Low – since a state
responsibility to
invest and implement
Water, sanitation,
liquid waste mnmgt,
health
High for pumping
(Saint Louis)
Solid waste
High – for clearing
before rains
High for sanitation
and waste water, low
for water supply
(parastatal)
High
High for sanitation
and waste water, low
for water supply
(parastatal)
High
Urban environment
high
high
mnmgt and beyond
Housing and
high
high
building codes
enforcement
For our recommendations on how to integrate DRM and CCA in urban planning and governance the following matrix might be utilized and
expanded upon and made more concrete related to our findings in each city.
Fig. Proposed key sectors for climate change adaptation and disaster risk management approaches
Key sectors
Urban planning and
land management
Storm water drainage
Water, sanitation,
liquid waste mnmgt,
health
Solid waste
Urban environment
and beyond
Type of disaster risk management and adaptation measures and
responsible actors
Improved zoning and enforcement of land use control, improved
strategic planning, improved land tenure management in informal
areas (Min of Planning, Municipality)
Improved planning and investment in storm water drainage,
protection of natural drainage canals (State and municipal public
works agency)
Improved coverage of sewerage and water supply/protection in
informal areas, improved treatment plants, health education (Local
state and parastatal, Municipality)
Improved system of solid waste collection
Improved protection and management of green space, wetlands,
mangroves, and urban agriculture (State and municipal services)
Flood risk management beyond metropolitan boundary (State and
regional state agencies)
Housing and building
codes
Improved regulation of low-cost housing