CPR Notes
Chapter One
Statistics
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40 million injury-related visits to ER
Unintentional injuries cause most childhood
deaths
70 million people is US have cardiovascular
disease; causes 700,000 deaths each year
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Unusual Sights : stopped vehicle, broken glass,
spilled medicine, down electrical wires, sparks,
smoke, fire
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Unusual Appearances or Behaviors:
unconsciousness, confused or unusual behavior,
trouble breathing, clutching chest or throat,
slurred, confused, hesitant speech, drowsiness
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Unusual Odors: stronger smell than usual,
unrecognizable, inappropriate
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Unusual Noises: screaming, yelling, moaning,
calling for help, breaking glass, crashing metal,
sudden, loud or unidentifiable sounds, unusual
silence
Reasons People May Fail to Act
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Presence of other people, unsure of ill or injured
person’s condition, type of injury or illness, fear
of catching a disease, fear of doing something
wrong, fear of being sued, unsure when to call
911.
How Disease Spreads
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Infectious diseases – spread from one person to
another – develop when germs invade body and
cause illness
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Bacteria: live outside body and do not depend
on other organisms for life. Viruses: depend on
other organisms to live.
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Touching, Breathing, Biting – spread bacteria
and viruses from one person to another
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Avoid contact with blood or other body fluids,
use protective barriers, do not touch blood, use
gloves, wash hands thoroughly
Recognizing Emergencies
Preventing Disease Transmission
Good Samaritan Law
Activate the EMS System
Getting Permission to Give Care
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Protects citizens who act the same way that a
“reasonable and prudent person” would if that
person were in the same situation
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Protect you against lawsuits
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Calling 911 is the most important step you can
take in an emergency
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Permission is referred to as “consent”
Tell person who you are, how much training you
have, what you think is wrong and what you plan
to do
DO NOT GIVE CARE TO A CONSCIOUS PERSON
WHO REFUSES IT, but call 911
Child or infant, get consent from guardian
Life-threatening condition – permission is
implied (especially if unconscious)
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Chapter Two
Three Basic Emergency Action Steps
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CHECK, CALL, CARE
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Check: scene safe? What happened? How many
people involved? Immediate danger?
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Call: Most important action. Call first or care
first? Up to you, usually call first.
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Care: provide as much help as possible until
trained personnel arrive
Identifying Life-Threatening Emergencies
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Pg. 18. Review
Only Move Injured Person on these 3
conditions
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When faced with immediate danger, when you
have to get to another person who may have a
more serious problem, when it is necessary to
give proper care
When to Call 9-1-1
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Pg. 20 Review, Person has trouble Breathing
Emergency Moves
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Walking assist, pack-strap carry, 2-person seat
carry, clothes drag, blanket drag, foot drag
Chapter 3
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Interview the person, Get Consent to give Care
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Check the person from head to toe
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A –Airway: open the airway
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B – Breathing: Check for movement or breathing
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C – Circulation: Check for signs of life(pulse) and
severe bleeding
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AIRWAY: head tilt/chin lift
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BREATHING: Look, Listen, and Feel for breathing
signals. Position self so you can hear and feel air
as it escapes from the nose and mouth, while at
the same time, look to see if the victims chest,
clearly rises and falls.
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Look, Listen, and Feel for NO MORE than 10
SECONDS.
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Person not breathing – give 2 rescue breaths
with each breath lasting 1 SECOND
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CIRCULATION: not breathing and no pulse. No
signs of life, will need to begin CPR. (learn next
chapter)
Shock
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Condition in which the circulatory system fails to
deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body’s tissues
and vital organs.
Caring for Shock
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Call 911, have person lie down, control external
bleeding, DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING TO EAT OR
DRINK
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Trouble breathing, slow or rapid breathing,
deep or shallow breathing, gasping, wheezing,
moist or cool skin, flushed, pale skin, dizziness
or lightheadedness
Checking a Conscious Person
Checking an Unconscious Person
CHAPTER FOUR
Signals of Breathing Emergencies
Choking
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Common breathing emergency
Conscious Person: encourage them to keep
coughing
Conscious Adult: combination of 5 back blows
followed by 5 abdominal thrusts (pg.60)
Chapter 5
Signals of A Heart Attack
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CPR for Adults
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Follow Emergency Action Steps
CHECK – scene and injured person
CALL 911
CHECK breathing for no more than 10 seconds,
give 2 rescue breaths
CARE – when no signs of life
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Pg 74 -75 how to do it
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30 compressions/2 rescue breaths; complete 5
cycles in 2 minutes; check for signs of life again
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Chest compressions, look for foreign object
(finger sweep), 2 rescue breaths. Continue
process
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Too exhausted to continue
Trained personnel has arrived
Scene becomes unsafe
Person starts to breathe on their own
Best way to Check an Unconscious
Person
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Tap person and shout, “Are you OKAY?”
Early CPR is important link in Cardiac
Chain of Survival
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Helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to
vital organs until AED is ready to use
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CPR should not be interrupted or stopped until
AED is ready to use, another trained responder
takes over or you see an obvious sign of life
Unconscious Choking Person
Continue CPR UNTIL
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Chest discomfort lasting more than 3 to 5
minutes
Dizziness, lightheadedness, trouble breathing,
nausea, sweating