Online Figure 1:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women, using
Univariable and Multivariable Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
a women-only subgroup. Please refer to the methodology for complete listing of
covariates included for analysis.
Online Figure 2:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants at
Least 60 Years Old, using Univariable and Multivariable Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
participants at least 60 years old. Please refer to the methodology for complete listing of
covariates included for analysis.
Online Figure 3:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants
without Established Atherothrombotic Disease, using Univariable and
Multivariable Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
participants without established atherothrombotic disease. Please refer to the
methodology for complete listing of covariates included for analysis.
Online Figure 4:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants
with Systolic Blood Pressure ≤ 140 mmHg, using Univariable and Multivariable
Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
participants with systolic blood pressure ≤ 140 mmHg. Please refer to the methodology
for complete listing of covariates included for analysis.
Online Figure 5:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants
with Systolic Blood Pressure > 140 mmHg, using Univariable and Multivariable
Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
participants with systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg. Please refer to the methodology
for complete listing of covariates included for analysis.
Online Figure 6:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants
not on Anti-hypertensive Treatment, using Univariable and Multivariable Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
participants not on anti-hypertensive treatment. Please refer to the methodology for
complete listing of covariates included for analysis.
Online Figure 7:
Title: Forest Plot of Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants on
Anti-hypertensive Treatment, using Univariable and Multivariable Analysis.
Caption: Forest plots showing the relationship between pulse pressure, per 10 mm Hg
increase, with several cardiovascular outcomes on univariate and multivariate analysis in
participants on anti-hypertensive treatment. Please refer to the methodology for complete
listing of covariates included for analysis.
Online Table 1. Distribution of Pulse Pressure by Systolic Blood Pressure.
Pulse Pressure*
1st Quart.
2nd Quart.
3rd Quart
4st Quart
SBP < 140 mmHg
9754 (96.07%)
8856 (74.78%)
3883 (35.11%)
851 (7.07%)
140 mmHg ≤ SBP <160
mmHg
390 (3.84%)
2868 (24.22%)
6241 (56.42%)
5243 (43.58%)
SBP ≥ 160 mmHg
9 (0.09%)
118 (1.00%)
937 (8.47%)
5937 (49.35%)
*Percentages are given across each row of pulse pressure quartile. SBP, systolic blood
pressure.
Online Table 2. Association of Systolic Blood Pressure with Adverse Cardiovascular Events on Unadjusted and MultivariableAdjusted Analyses
Outcome
Event rate
Unadjusted
Multivariable-Adjusted*
n/N, (%)
HR
95% CI P-value
HR
95% CI P-value
Cardiovascular death

Quartile 1
711/11068 (7.8%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
589/11407 (6.39%)
0.7
0.7, 0.8
<0.01
0.7
0.6, 0.8
<0.01

Quartile 3
725/12821 (6.84%)
0.8
0.7, 0.9
<0.01
0.8
0.7, 0.8
<0.01

Quartile 4
0.9
0.8, 1.0
0.24
0.8
0.7, 0.9
<0.01
604/9791 (7.4%)
Non-fatal MI

Quartile 1
330/11068 (3.73%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
311/11407 (3.38%)
0.8
0.7, 1.0
0.15
0.9
0.8, 1.0
0.51

Quartile 3
359/12821 (3.4%)
0.9
0.7, 1.0
0.28
0.9
0.8, 1.1
0.93
345/9791 (4.24%)
1.1
0.9, 1.3
0.05
1.2
1.0, 1.4
<0.01
 Quartile 4
Fatal and non-fatal MI

Quartile 1
486 /11068 (5.33%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
538 /11407 (5.65%)
0.8
0.7, 1.0
0.09
0.9
0.8, 1.0
0.21

Quartile 3
670 /12821 (6.27%)
0.9
0.8, 1.0
0.19
0.9
0.8, 1.0
0.43
 Quartile 4
Non-fatal stroke
677 /9791(8.30%)
1.1
0.9, 1.2
0.10
1.1
0.9, 1.2
0.06

Quartile 1
389/11068 (4.34%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
450/11407 (4.8%)
1.1
0.9, 1.2
0.16
1.0
0.8, 1.1
0.79

582/12821 (5.48%)
1.2
1.1, 1.4
<0.01
1.1
0.9, 1.2
0.14
 Quartile 4
Fatal and non-fatal stroke
576/9791 (7.12%)
1.6
1.4, 1.8
<0.01
1.4
1.2, 1.6
<0.01

Quartile 1
485/11068 (5.33%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
528 /11407 (5.65 %)
1.0
0.9, 1.1
0.56
0.9
0.8, 1.1
0.65

Quartile 3
660 /12821 (6.27 %)
1.1
1.0, 1.3
<0.01
1.0
0.9, 1.1
0.60
670 /9791 (8.30 %)
1.5
1.3, 1.7
<0.01
1.3
1.1, 1.5
<0.01
Quartile 3
 Quartile 4
Hospitalization

Quartile 1
2090/11068 (21.66%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
2135/11407 (21.17%)
0.9
0.9, 1.0
0.30
1.0
0.9, 1.0
0.71

Quartile 3
2511/12821 (22.26%)
1.0
0.9, 1.0
0.40
1.0
0.9, 1.1
0.12

Quartile 4
2238/9791 (25.76%)
1.2
1.1, 1.2
<0.01
1.2
1.1, 1.3
<0.01
CV Death/MI/Stroke/Hospitalization

Quartile 1
2912/11068 (30.1%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
2869/11407 (28.58%)
0.9
0.8, 0.9
<0.01
0.9
0.9, 1.0
0.06

Quartile 3
3391/12821 (29.93%)
0.9
0.9, 1.0
0.60
0.9
0.9, 1.0
0.42

Quartile 4
2996/9791 (34.25%)
1.1
1.1, 1.2
<.01
1.1
1.0, 1.1
<0.01
*
Multivariable model adjusted for sex; age; current smoking status; history of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or atherothrombosis;
aspirin, statin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, or
diuretic use.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction
Online Table 3. Association of Diastolic Blood Pressure with Adverse Cardiovascular Events on Unadjusted and
Multivariable-Adjusted Analyses
Outcome
Event rate
Unadjusted
Multivariable-Adjusted*
n/N, (%)
HR
95% CI P-value
HR
95% CI P-value
Cardiovascular death

Quartile 1
931/13173 (8.72%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
291/5934 (6.02%)
0.6
0.6, 0.7
<0.01
0.7
0.6, 0.9
<0.01

Quartile 3
838/15306 (6.65%)
0.7
0.6, 0.8
<0.01
0.8
0.8, 0.9
0.01

Quartile 4
569/10674 (6.3%)
0.7
0.6, 0.7
<0.01
0.8
0.8, 0.9
0.04
Non-fatal MI

Quartile 1
442/13173 (4.18%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
149/5934 (3.17%)
0.7
0.6, 0.8
<0.01
0.7
0.6, 0.9
<0.01

Quartile 3
421/15306 (3.4%)
0.7
0.6, 0.9
<0.01
0.8
0.7, 0.9
0.02

Quartile 4
333/10674 (3.69%)
0.8
0.7, 1.0
0.11
0.9
0.8, 1.1
0.91
Fatal and non-fatal MI

Quartile 1
642/13173 (5.95%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
258/5934 (5.32%)
0.7
0.6, 0.8
<0.01
0.7
0.6, 0.9
<0.01

Quartile 3
763/15306 (6.01%)
0.8
0.7, 0.9
<0.01
0.9
0.8, 1.0
0.23

Quartile 4
697/10674 (7.75%)
0.8
0.7, 0.9
0.01
0.9
0.8, 1.1
0.88
522/13173 (4.87%)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Non-fatal stroke

Quartile 1

Quartile 2
215/5934 (4.48%)
0.9
0.7, 1.0
0.23
0.8
0.7, 1.0
0.18

Quartile 3
658/15306 (5.21%)
1.0
0.9, 1.1
0.39
1.0
0.9, 1.1
0.31

Quartile 4
602/10674 (6.73%)
1.3
1.2, 1.5
<0.01
1.3
1.1, 1.4
<0.01
Fatal and non-fatal stroke

Quartile 1
642/13173 (5.95%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
258/5934 (5.32%)
0.8
0.7, 1.0
0.09
0.8
0.7, 1.0
0.08

Quartile 3
763/15306 (6.01%)
0.9
0.8, 1.1
0.86
1.0
0.9, 1.1
0.58
697/10674 (7.75%)
1.3
1.1, 1.4
<0.01
1.2
1.1, 1.4
<0.01
 Quartile 4
Hospitalization

Quartile 1
2581/13173 (22.58%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
1057/5934 (20.42%)
0.8
0.8, 0.9
<0.01
0.9
0.8, 0.9
0.04

Quartile 3
2989/15306 (22.08%)
0.9
0.9, 1.0
0.17
0.9
0.9, 1.0
0.48

Quartile 4
2347/10674 (24.54%)
1.0
1.0, 1.1
<0.01
1.1
1.0, 1.1
<0.01
CV death/MI/Stroke/Hospitalization

Quartile 1
3607/13173 (31.42%)
—
—
—
—
—
—

Quartile 2
1420/5934 (27.52%)
0.8
0.8, 0.9
<0.01
0.8
0.8, 0.9
<0.01

Quartile 3
4052/15306 (29.92%)
0.9
0.8, 0.9
<0.01
0.9
0.9,1.0
0.15

Quartile 4
3089/10674 (32.13%)
1.0
0.9, 1.0
0.25
1.0
1.0, 1.1
0.01
*
Multivariable model adjusted for sex; age; current smoking status; history of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or atherothrombosis;
aspirin, statin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, or
diuretic use.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction.