AP Biology 3rd 9 weeks
Chapter 7
The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
I. Different life cycles use different modes of cell reproduction
A. Vocabulary:
1. asexual reproduction
2. clone
3. mutations
4. binary fission
5. mitosis
6. sexual reproduction
7. gametes
8. meiosis
9. chromosome
10. somatic cell
11. homologous pairs
12. homologs
13. n
14. haploid
15. zygote
16. fertilization
17. 2n
18. diploid
19. haplontic organism
20. alternation of generations
21. gametophyte
22. sporophyte
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Reading Guide
AP Biology 3rd 9 weeks
Chapter 7
Reading Guide
23. diplontic organisms
B. Questions:
1. Why do cells divide?
2. Identify and differentiate two types of cell division.
3. What may cause mutations?
4. Why are offspring of asexual reproduction considered clones?
5. Why are the offspring of sexual reproduction NOT considered clones?
6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of sexual vs asexual
reproduction.
7. Could evolution proceed without sexual reproduction?
II. Both binary fission and mitosis produce genetically identical cells
A. Vocabulary:
1. reproductive signal
2. segregation
3. cytokinesis
4. binary fission
5. ori
6. ter
7. cell cycle
8. chromatin
9. kinetochores
10. karyotype
11. centrosome
12. centriole
13. spindle
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AP Biology 3rd 9 weeks
Chapter 7
Reading Guide
14. cytoplasmic dynein
15. contractile ring
B. Questions
1. Is binary fission asexual or sexual reproduction? How do you know?
2. Identify the steps (In order) that must occur in order for any cell to
divide.
3. Explain how a prokaryotic cell replicates DNA.
4. Explain segregation of DNA in prokaryotes.
5. What occurs during interphase?
6. Identify the phases of mitosis in eukaryotic cells. Explain what occurs in
each step.
7. Make a flow chart of what happens to DNA throughout the cell cycle.
8. Draw and label a chromosome.
9. What is the relationship between centromere, kinetochore, and
chromosome?
10. Differentiate between centriole and centrosome.
11. Explain the construction of the spindle using terms polar microtubule
and kinetochore microtubule.
12. What is the purpose of the cytoplasmic dynein?
13. How does an animal cell “pinch” to form two daughter cells?
14. Differentiate between animal cell and plant cell mitosis.
15. How does the mitotic spindle ensure that each daughter cell receives a
full complement of the genetic material in the cell nucleus?
16. The drug cytochalasin B blocks the assembly and function of
microfilaments. What would happen if animal cells were treated with this
drug after telophase but before cytokinesis.
III. Cell reproduction is under precise control (READ THIS SECTION FOR DETAIL!)
A. Vocabulary:
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AP Biology 3rd 9 weeks
Chapter 7
Reading Guide
1. growth factors
2. R (restriction point)
3. plyethylene glycol
4. cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk’s)
5. cell cycle checkpoints
6. retinoblastoma protein (RB)
B. Questions:
1. Compare the cell cycles of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with regard to
signals for initiation, how many chromosomes are present and how the
replicated DNA segregates.
2. Identify checkpoints of the cell cycle and explain what occurs at each
checkpoint.
IV. Meiosis halves the nuclear chromosome content and generates diversity
A. Vocabulary:
1. homologous chromosomes
2. synapsis
3. bivalent
4. tetrad
5. chiasmata
6. recombinant chromatids
7. independent assortment
8. nondisjunction
9. trisomy
10. monosomy
11. aneuploidy
12. triploid
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AP Biology 3rd 9 weeks
Chapter 7
Reading Guide
13. tetraploid
14. polyploidy
15. non-homologous chromosomes
16. translocation
B. Questions:
1. Compare mitosis and meiosis in terms of phases, nuclear divisions,
chromosome activity and final results.
2. Explain why crossing over is crucial to genetic variation within a
species.
3. Explain what “goes wrong” in each of the following: nondisjunction,
polyploidy, translocation
V. Programmed cell death is a necessary process in living organisms
A. Vocabulary:
1. apoptosis
2. bleb
3. hypersensitive response
4. caspases
5. necrosis
B. Questions:
1. How does necrosis cause inflammation?
2. Identify 2 possible reasons for apoptosis.
3. Explain how a cell is a “recycler.”
4. How is apoptosis a defense mechanism?
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