Study Guide-Semester 1
1. Index fossils are used to determine the age of rocks because each index fossil lived during a
specific geologic time.
2. Sedimentary rocks are formed by hardening and cementing of layers of sediment.
3. Data from the analysis of ice cores have shown that temperatures have risen and dropped in a
repeated pattern over the time period of 400,000 years.
4. Radioactive dating is the most accurate method used in determining the age of a fossil.
5. When a scientist finds an index fossil in layers of rock in both Africa and South America it
indicates that the rocks in both area are approximately the same age.
6. Water currents can drag organism’s remains to their current location before fossilization. This
explains how individual organisms could have lived elsewhere as proposed by two different
researchers distance away from each other.
7. Carbon-14 found in mammoth bone can help scientist study the age of the mammoth.
8. Falling sea levels and global cooling are conditions most likely shown in fossil record as a reason
for mass extinction.
9. Petrified wood is considered to be a fossil because it was once living matter.
10. If a metamorphic rock contains an intrusion of igneous rock, which rock is the oldest? The
metamorphic rock is older.
11. We can examine rock layers composed of fossil coral, marine plant fossils, and fossil
invertebrate shells now above sea level that make up the FLORIDA KEYS to conclude that Earth’s
Climate was warmer at times during the past 2 million years.
12. Many fossils of large AMPHIBIANS were found in an area that is current barren desert. It is most
likely true that the climate of the area was much WETTER than it is now.
13. Adaptations such as a bird in a forest ecosystem that has a sharper beak than many other birds
may help the bird survive because it increases the likelihood for the bird to obtain food.
14. NATURAL SELECTION IS ONE ASPECT OF EVOLUTION.
15. It can be determined throughout fossil records, many species appearing in lover layers of rock
disappear in higher layers of rock. We can conclude from their disappearance that the species
became extinct.
16. The disappearance of a species’ fossils is one of the best evidence to support the extinction of a
past species.
17. Homologous structures of organisms lead some scientist to think that all life evolved from a
common ancestor.
18. Mutations can cause an organism to develop genetic variation that would be used to help it
survive.
19. A butterfly changes colors to look like its poisonous relatives demonstrates genetic variation
resulting in a productive adaptation.
20. We can conclude geologic evolution occurred, separating Australia from other land masses
because many plants and animals native to Australia are found NOWHERE on Earth.
21. Competition for prey would be most important for the survival of a cheetahs. Due to genetic
variation, a cheetah is unable to run as fast as other normal cheetah.
22. The hypothesis that best explains how a NEW type of PLANT was discovered on a newly-formed
volcanic island hundreds of miles away from the mainland- IT MAY HAVE BEEN CARRIED THERE
BY WIND OR WAVES
23. Fossils can be used to show similarities in body structures between modern organisms and
ancestral species to support the theory of evolution.
24. Two different species of frogs that live in the same habitat but NEVER reproduce or mate with
each other. Which most likely accounts for their failure to mate?-THE FROG SPECIES ARE
GENETICALLY DESIGNED WITH DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS.
25. Species survival will INCREASE when a bird’s beak size increases over time to better crack open
nuts.
26. A SOLUTION is created when salt and water are stirred together in a beaker and the solid salt
particles seem to disappear in the water.
27. Be able to explain why strontium (Sr) is more reactive than Calcium, Beryllium and Magnesium.
28. Law of Conservation of Mass-Atoms can be rearranged to keep the SAME mass.
29. INCREASED TEMPERATURE OF A BALLOON would most like INCREASE THE VOLUME OF a balloon
filled with 1 liter of air.
30. Be able to write the formula for 1 calcium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms-Ask your
teacher if you do not understand.
31. A piece of paper has a mass of 17 grams. When the paper is burned, a chemical change occurs,
and both smoke and ashes are produced. Based on the law of conservation of mass—THE
SMOKE AND THE ASHES HAVE A COMBINED MASS OF 17 GRAMS
32. What aspect of the missing elements did the periodic table help predict?-CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
33. The STAIRCASE line on the right side of the table separates metals from nonmetals.
34. Wood burning is a chemical change.
35. Be able to explain why fluorine and bromine are highly reactive nonmetals.
36. Be able to identify an element. For example, Carbon is an element.
37. Snoop Dog mixes two liquids together and observes clear liquids turn cloudy white, based on his
observation A PRECIPITATE FORMED.
38. Which most accurately represents the changes in the physical state elements in Period 4?
Groups 1 (IA)—16 (VIA)-solid
Group 17 (VIIA)-liquid
Group 18 (VIIIA)-gas
39. The fact that North Carolina is making a long standing commitment to biotechnology
development will result in a large economic benefit to North Carolina.
40. Having students regularly wash their hands will most likely prevent a cold from spreading
through the classroom.
41. Each virus has its own shape and structure.
42. Tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria and meningitis are—INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Diabetes, arthritis, asthma and cancer are---NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE
43. To prevent an epidemic of highly contagious disease scientists must first study how the disease
is transported.
44. Chicken pox is best prevented with a vaccine.
45. RNA transcription-The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in
cancer.
46. Animal vaccines given to farm animals produce HEALTHIER FARM ANIMALS.
47. A disease causing particle is transmitted by sneezing.
48. Cholera (bacteria) is an epidemic treated by antibiotics. (AIDS and the flu are both viruses-AN
ANTIBIOTIC CANNOT TREAT A VIRUS)
49. Infectious diseases CANNOT BE PASSED from PATHOGENS IN THE AIR.
50. An example of genetic modification-it is used to alter crops to become more disease resistant.
51. An cholera (bacteria) outbreak can begin when a BACTERIAL ORGANISM CONTAMINATES THE
DRINKING WATER OF A COMMUNITY
52. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health issue because of the increasing cases of
antibiotic-resistant microbes to hospital stays.
53. Scientist have developed a new technology of which ARTIFICIAL SUBSTANCES MIMIC HUMAN
PEPTIDES.
54. When investigation ethical issues of biotechnology it is most important to determine THE
BENEFIT OF TECHNOLOGY OUTWEIGHING THE HARM.
55. An example of what makes a mosquito a vector----a mosquito CAN spread MALARIA but NOT be
SICK with the disease.
56. Influenza is always caused by an infection.
57. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY---career that would use microorganism to remove
pollutants from water.