Additional file 2: Table S3: Key findings and quality assessment issues of the selected articles
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
1. Abbot and Riga (2007)
[25]
To explore the views of
Language and religious
Not clearly described
Peer pressure from families
primary care staff about
difference served as key
and communities played
delivering services to the
difficulties in service provision
important role in inhibiting or
local Bangladeshi
promoting health services. For
community
example, Families were
typically large and thus placed
multiple demands on parents,
who might decide that a
healthcare appointment was
not a priority
2. Akhavan (2012) [26]
To explore the views of
Midwives believed that health
Due to capacity/resources
Patriarchal culture could create
midwives on the factors
care inequality amongst
constraint in the workplace
misunderstanding between
that contribute to health
immigrants migrant was the
where these midwives were
midwives and migrant patients.
care inequality amongst
result of miscommunication,
working, the time allotted for a
immigrants
arising due to a shortage of
consultative meeting with
meeting time, language
migrants was very limited. All
barriers, and limited patient-
participants agreed that having
caregiver trust.
culturally diverse health staff
1
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
was important in providing
culturally sensitive care. Yet,
some participants considered
another way by stating that
having subgroup-specific
health services might lead to
poorer quality of care because
qualified health staff were
likely refuse to work in such
areas.
3. Boerleider et al (2014)
[27]
(1) How do Dutch Maternal
MCAs often found that migrant
Telephone professional
Family involvement played a
Care Assistants (MCAs) feel
clients had limited knowledge
interpreters were asked to help
pivotal role in maternity care.
about providing care to
in maternity care. Language
MCAs in communicating with
MCAs needed to put more
non-western clients?; and
difference also served as
non-western mothers.
effort in understanding cultural
(2) Do Dutch MCAs adjust
another barrier in health
However, this service was not
values of their clients. Unusual
their care to non-western
education. Some MCAs
always available.
customs, such as a husband
clients and if so in what
described caring non-Dutch
refusing to shake hands, could
ways?
speaking mothers intensive
be perceived as an offence, but
and sometimes frustrating.
should be respected.
2
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
4. Briones-Vozmediano
et al (2014) [28]
5. Byrskog et al (2015)
[29]
To explore the experience
Some providers felt frustrated
Some professionals attributed
Many immigrant women,
of service providers in
with the decision of immigrant
the abandonment of the help
especially those in Arab
Spain concerning their daily
women, particularly those
seeking process of a victim to
families, failed to escape the
professional encountered
living in low socioeconomic
the failure of the system and
violence cycle due to the
with battered immigrant
status, who abandoned the
the ineffectiveness of existing
submission to patriarchal
women
health seeking process due to
resources (lodging an official
belief.
ignorance of the system.
complain but no solution).
To explore ways antenatal
Almost all midwife informants
Not clearly described
care midwives in Sweden
broached questions about
that in relation to the Somali
work with Somali born
violence exposure with Somali
born women, they lacked the
women and the questions
born women, but they rarely
background information vis-à-
of exposure to violence.
encountered ongoing violence.
vis cultural and religious
Limited communication and
conceptions of health, family
divergent life situations led to
life, value systems, and
barriers in determining
violence, which might hinder
violence towards Somali born
the quality of care.
Some midwives experienced
women.
6. Cross and Bloomer
(1) To explore how mental
Participants in this study
health clinicians modify
recognised language as one of
Not clearly described
Participants in this study tried
to understand the belief
3
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
(2010) [30]
their communication
the communication difficulties.
systems of the many cultural
practice to address cultural
Besides, gender role in migrant
groups they were caring. Some
differences and promote
community was another issue
migrant communities still
client self-disclosure; and
that made patients adapted
understood that mental illness
(2) To identify the practical
their approach. In cases of
was a punishment from god or
experiences that clinicians
sexual assault, abuse and
superstition.
have used when interacting
childhood trauma, female
with people from culturally
clinicians were preferred.
diverse groups
7. Dauvrin et al (2012)
[31]
To investigate the
Health workers in accident and
Professionals in primary care
Even in countries with full
experiences of health
emergency (A&E) departments
and mental health services felt
rights of health care access for
professionals in providing
reported less of a difference
more difficulties in performing
irregular migrants, there were
care to irregular migrants in
between the care for migrant
further diagnostic and/or
still problems when referral
three types of health care
patients and for native patients
therapeutic interventions due
was needed. Delay of
service (maternity care,
in a regular situation than did
to the restriction against health
treatment occurred frequently
accident & emergency care,
respondents in primary care
care access of irregular
as providers and patients
and primary care) across 16
and mental health services.
migrants. Some clinicians
needed to wait until legal issue
European countries*
Concern over language
solved this nuisance by
of the patients was resolved.
differences was more apparent
prescribing medicines for their
Notifying police was a rare
in mental health services than
own names if patients cannot
practice, even in countries
4
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
in A&E departments.
afford the drug expense.
where healthcare providers
were obliged to do so.
8. Donnelly and McKellin
(2007) [32]
To understand views of
The majority of healthcare
Healthcare providers adpate
The study suggested that the
healthcare providers in
provider informants were
their routine pracitces to
Canadian government paid
catering breast and cervical
aware that Vietnamese women
facilitate the service use of
little attention on the
cancer screening services
were hesitant and
Vietnamese women by
promotion of cancer screening
for Vietnamese women in
embarrassed about breast and
providing flexible hours of
and specifically for the
Candata
cervical examination due to
operation for the healthcare
Vietnamese migrants. This was
cultural differences.
clinic, physicians reminding
identified as the most
women of their check-ups, and
significant barrier to screening
having more accessible
services. In some provinces,
educational materials for
services for immigrants had
women
suffered the biggest funding
cut backs.
9. Eklof et al (2015) [33]
To describe nurses
Nurses were usually aware of
The ordering and availability of
In Finland, there were several
perceptions when using
the importance of interpreters
interpreters seemed to be
regulations regarding the use
interpreters in primary
in tackling language differences
challenging and time-
of interpreters. The
health care nursing with
of their migrant clients.
consuming. With references to
interpreting costs in health
migrant patients
However, some nurses
some nurses’ experience,
care were paid for by the
5
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
considered interpreters as
access to the interpreter
government if the patient was
translation machines and as
service by phone was difficult
a asylum seeker and being in
cultural brokers.
and increased workload,
an integration program; if not,
specifically in urgent situations.
the costs would be paid by a
municipality, which usually had
strict guidelines for the use of
interpreters. This contributed
to a number of hurdles in
service provision.
10. Englund and
Rydstrom (2012) [34]
To gain a broader insight of
Health professional informants
Not clearly described
A strong belief in some families
the challenges healthcare
perceived that language
that trusted male physicians
professionals faces in their
differences and unfamiliarity
far over female nurses could
encounters with non-
with the western medicine of
create uncomfortable feeling
western immigrant parents
immigrant families sometimes
and sense of powerlessness in
of children with asthma
created frustration and
female nurses. Despite having
conflicts between healthcare
telephone consultation service
providers and their clients.
by nurses in Swedish
healthcare system, many
immigrant families only
accepted personal contact with
6
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
(male) physician instead of
using nurse-led telephone
advice.
11. Farley et al (2014)
[35]
To explore enabling factors
Participants described
Interpreter services were a
and barriers healthcare
communication difficulties as
crucial enabler of refugee
providers experienced in
one of the most important
health care but were also time
providing care to refugees
barriers to refugee health care.
consuming, often unavailable
Not clearly described
and sometimes of questionable
reliability.
12. Foley (2005) [36]
To examine perspectives of
The provider informants
Nurses and social workers at
In order to be insured at the
medical practitioners and
expressed a keen awareness of
times adapted the routine
city heath centres, patients
social workers that were
the broad cultural gulf that
service guideline of a facility in
must first provide proof of
bestowing clinical care and
secluded them from their
order to better suit
residence in the city of
support services to African
African patients. The difficulty
expectation and cultural belief
Philadelphia. Yet, African
immigrants living with
of communicating effectively
of African HIV patients. These
women often had no
HIV/AIDS
with patients who had little or
strategies included giving
documentation in their own
no formal education and
African patients their
name because they lived with
limited English or French
medications in unlabelled
male partners or relatives. In
fluency was their greatest
bottles, delivery of medications
spite of these difficulties, many
7
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
frustration.
to locations other than their
case managers, nurses, and
patients’ homes, and helping
social workers found ways to
women negotiate condom use
assist both documented and
with male partners without
undocumented patients
disclosing their HIV status.
without health insurance
through several strategies,
such as asking for fund from
special government
programmes or from other
supporting agencies.
13. Fowler et al (2005)
[37]
To investigate the main
Not clearly described
Many health professional
The Canadian regulation
challenges and successes of
respondents expressed
allowed Kosovars to received
the Kosovar arrival, from
concern over the location of
medical care through the
international, national, and
medical records and the
Interim Federal Health (IFH)
local perspectives
inability to access this
programme. However, some
information in a timely manner
services were not covered for
since the information system
free of charge (home health
of a Canadian health facility
care, eye glasses for refractive
was not integrated with that in
error, etc). This confusion
the country of origin of the
rendered difficulties on
8
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
14. Goldabe and
Okuyemi (2011) [38]
To explore attitudes of
Not clearly described
refugees.
healthcare providers.
Not clearly described
Normally, by law,
providers in Costa Rica
undocumented migrants were
concerning deservingness to
barred against public health
care of Nicaraguan
services with only 3 exceptions,
undocumented migrants
namely, emergency services,
health care for children and
adolescent until age 18 years,
and prenatal care. Providers,
however, considered
undocumented migrants
should not deserve medical
treatment for occupational
injuries as profits did not
benefit health of the national
population but went to
individual companies.
15. Hakonsen et al
(2014) [39]
To determine the cultural
The pharmacist participants
Not clearly described
The lack of public interpreter
barriers met by Norwegian
found that the presence of
services in community
community pharmacists in
language barrier made the
pharmacies was a dilemma
9
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
16. Health Protection
Agency (2010) [40]
providing service to non-
service provision for non-
since Norwegian regulations
western immigrant patients
western immigrants
did not allow unskilled persons
and to outline how they
challenging, and they were
to act as interpreters. This
were being addressed
uncomfortable with situations
situation was contradicting the
where family or friends acted
hospital service guideline
as interpreters, especially
where professional
children.
interpreters might be required.
To analyse the use of
Respondents expressed
Not clearly described
Respondents briefly described
services in various types of
concerns about language
confusion in the National
migrants in UK and to
barriers, which impeded the
Health Service (NHS)'s
investigate the needs of
provision of effective services,
regulation. The UK health
professionals working with
in particular, mental health
professionals thus entrusted
migrant patients
care.
non-statutory organisations or
civil networks to some services
(eg, housing aid) which were
not regularly available to
certain migrant groups, eg,
vulnerable adults, migrants'
relatives and dependants.
17. Hoye and
To explore the perception of
The ICU nurses became
The multicultural families
ICU nurses felt that, due to
10
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
Severinsson (2008)
intensive care unit (ICU)
insecure when they were
seemed to expanded, relative
patriarchal views held by
[41]
nurses with regards to their
encountering cultural
to Norwegian families. The
immigrant families, female
encounters with families of
differences.
situations that produced stress
nurses often received lack of
were characterised by rooms
respect from the ethnic
crowded with family members
groups.
culturally diverse patients
and large numbers of visitors,
which might hamper nursing
procedures in the patient’s
room.
18. Hultsjo and Hjelm
(2005) [42]
To identify if healthcare
All respondents expressed
Difficulties in finding an
staff in somatic and
serious concerns over language
interpreter, especially at night,
psychiatric emergency care
barrier and difficulty to address
and minority language, and
experienced any problems
the traumatic experiences of
shortage of healthcare staff
in the services for migrants
migrants.
were regarded as the main
Not clearly described
setback in service provision in
all ward types.
19. Kurth et al (2010)
[43]
To explore the perceptions
Language barriers were
Not clearly described
The Swiss government
of healthcare professionals
identified as a major struggle
attempted to reduce health
caring for asylum seeking
for health professionals in
expenditure by limiting the
women in the Women’s
providing care. Health care
asylum seekers’ choice of
11
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
Clinic of the University
providers also met major
where to seek care and
Hospital in the city of Basel,
emotional challenges when
assigning them to primary
Switzerland
taking care of asylum seekers.
health care providers’
networks, so called, Health
Maintenance Organisation
(HMO). The problems, faced by
physicians, were that they
were often required to act in
an official capacity on behalf of
the authorities in charge of the
asylum process, and they were
also forced to make decisions
in controlling expenditure to
fulfill the requirements of the
HMO.
20. Lindsay et al (2012)
[44]
To obtain a better
Healthcare and community
Though professional
understanding of the
service providers often
interpreters were available, the
experiences of service
encountered several
use of professional interpreters
providers working with
challenges (such as language
was quite limited since it
immigrant families raising
difficulties, unfamiliarity with
always added time on the
Not clearly described
12
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
children with physical
Canadian health system of a
disability
patient, and discrepancy in the
clients' appointment.
view concerning disability) in
providing care to immigrant
families.
21. Lyberg et al (2012)
[45]
To illuminate public health
Respondents experienced that
Respondents complained over
nurses' and midwives'
general maternal care for
the quality and availability of
perceptions of managing
Norwegian mothers did not
interpreting service in their
and supporting prenatal and
match needs of female
workplaces. Male interpreters
postnatal migrant patients
migrants. Posters and leaflets
did not understand
in Norway
were at times too abstract.
vocabularies commonly used in
Linguistic and cultural barriers
maternal care, and this could
of migrants often shaped how
create distrust between
providers delivered services.
providers and patients.
Not clearly described
Some respondents considered
videotape education instead of
face-to-face meeting was more
useful in keeping patients'
privacy.
13
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
22. Manirankunda et al
(2012) [46]
To identify physicians’ HIV
Some health professionals
Not clearly described
The issues of racism and shaky
testing practices and
were ignorant of the high
legal status of immigrants
barriers to managing
prevalence of HIV epidemic
considerably affected the
provider-initiated HIV
amongst SAMs. Lack of
decision of doctors in
testing and counselling
expertise in discussing
undertaking PITC. Some
(PITC) for Sub-Saharan
sexuality and lack of time also
doctors felt that carrying out
African migrants (SAM) in
served as key barriers in
an HIV test amongst
Belgium
implementing PITC.
undocumented migrants who
might be deported at any time
was unethical since they could
not assure proper follow-up
care. Some providers perceived
promoting PITC for SAMs as a
discriminatory practice, and
might make them being fear of
being accused of racism when
suggesting an HIV test.
23. Munro et al (2013)
[47]
To explore the perspectives
Poverty and lack of
Logistically, physicians had
Many respondents altered
of family physicians who
understanding in the
difficulty accessing prenatal
standard of care in order to
provided services to
Canadian's insurance system
resources for their uninsured
avoid cost incurred on
14
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
uninsured pregnant women
played a major role in
migrant patients. For example,
uninsured immigrants, and to
with precarious immigration
inhibiting access to care of
social services were available
avoid referrals to specialist
status
immigrants. Nevertheless, care
only to officially recognised
physicians. In Canada, refugees
of uninsured women was
immigrants or refugees.
and refugee claimants were
generally thought to be a
insured through the Interim
professional obligation,
Federal Health Programme.
regardless of the woman’s
Quebec province imposed a 3-
ability to pay.
month delay on the acquisition
of health insurance for newly
arrived immigrants. However,
due to administrative delays,
some individuals with a right to
public insurance found
themselves without coverage.
24. Nicholas et al (2014)
[48]
To examine cross-cultural
Language and communication
Negligible staff representation
Conflicting cultural norms
care from the healthcare
differences constantly
in the ethnicities of families
between families and
providers' perspective
presented barriers between
was noted. Limited availability
healthcare providers were
within two tertiary level
families and providers.
of complementary and
reported to impose inter-
Neonatal Intensive Care
Healthcare providers
alternative treatment options
personal friction and feelings
Units (NICUs)
participants felt that
was thought to limit capacity
of being misunderstood and
15
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
communication attempts were
for cross-cultural care. There
disrespected. Birthing rites and
periodically impeded,
was a lack of cultural brokers
rituals were identified as
reportedly heightened by the
and translators.
culturally nuanced, yet often
intensity and frequent shifting
poorly understood and at
nature of information in the
times, disrespected and
NICU.
subjected to pejorative
judgment.
25. O'mahony and
Donnelly (2007) [49]
To examine concerns of
The participants often
Not clearly described
All healthcare providers viewed
healthcare provider in
mentioned that immigrant
the cultural and social stigma
managing mental health
women’s misunderstandings of
attached to mental illness as a
care for immigrant women
Western biomedicine and their
key barrier to accessing mental
unfamiliarity with mental
health services for immigrant
health care service affected
women. Some respondents
how these women sought help.
expressed that in many
Another difficulty raised was
cultures there were significant
the immigrant women’s
negative feelings towards
unfamiliarity with mental
mental illness and the taking of
health services and lack of
medication.
awareness in the availability of
mental health support.
16
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
26. Otero-Garcia et al
(2013) [50]
To explore the perceptions
Midwives explained that
of midwives who provided
language and cultural
maternity services,
differences, including gender
including sexual and
inequity, were significant
reproductive programme,
barriers to care. In some
for immigrant women
immigrant families, decision of
Not clearly described
Not clearly described
Not clearly described
men prevailed over women's
decision (for example, barring
women from family planning).
27. Pergert et al (2008)
[51]
28. Rosenberg et al
(2006) [52]
To gain knowledge about
Nurses in paediatric oncology
The organisation had adapted
how health-care staff
unit expressed their concern
its usual care policy by
continuously resolve
over linguistic difference.
allocating extra time for
obstacles to trans-cultural
Several strategies, including
immigrant patients, and
caring relationships as they
non verbal communication
striving for a diversity of
cared for immigrant families
using 'signs' and 'printed
healthcare staff in term of
in paediatric oncology care
information', were used to
ethnic background.
units.
bridge this obstacle.
To explore challenges for
Some physicians reported that
immigrant patients and
when language barrier arose,
beliefs about the expression of
family physicians, involving
they were more likely to
distress and illness experience
Not clearly described
Physicians used incorrect
17
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
in intercultural
by-pass psychosocial aspects of
in the patient’s culture. In
communication (ICC).
the health problem since it was
some cases, physicians viewed
more time consuming than
patient’s behaviours as normal
general somatic care.
for a person of the given
culture (such as tears and
rotten words), while the same
behaviour would be perceived
as psychological distress in
another culture.
29. Samarasinghe et al
(2010) [53]
To describe the promotion
Some PCHNs approached
Not clearly described
Some PHCNs empowered
of health in involuntary
patients by focusing only on
immigrant family members to
migrant families in cultural
somatic health of individuals as
be able to integrate into
transition through the views
they deemed expanding more
Swedish society by working
of Swedish primary health
than physical health was time-
closely with social workers and
care nurses (PHCNs)
consuming, labour-intensive
other healthcare workers,
and sometimes costly due to
preschool teachers, etc.
translation fees.
30. Sandu et al (2013)
[54]
To investigate professionals’
Interviewees noted a general
Not clearly described
Divergent belief systems
experiences of catering care
concern with the development
served as explanatory models
to immigrants in districts
of trust and the particular need
for immigrant patients’
18
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
densely populated with
to establish it with immigrant
experiences of mental illness.
immigrants in 16 European
patients who might be
These might hamper diagnosis
countries*
distrustful of authorities, or
and conflict with the
were unfamiliar with the
practitioners’ understandings,
health care system in a host
resulting in differentiating
country
between certain beliefs and
symptoms. Usually, the
challenge for practitioners was
distinguishing what was a
culturally normal response
from what was an indication of
mental pathology.
31. Straßmayr et al
(2012) [56]
Objective 1—to identify
Respondents pointed out that
A general shortage of
Experts from the countries that
barriers to mental health
decisions that should be made
resources and limited
provided no legal access to
care in irregular migrants;
by clinicians were usually left
capacities in mental health
mental health care for irregular
Objective 2—to identify
to administrative staff with
services were reported.
migrants beyond emergency
how health professionals
control over access to care.
Problems included long waiting
care described this lack of legal
tackle these problems in
This in turn could result in
lists; restricted availability of
entitlement as the main
real practice
irregular migrants being denied
psychotherapy and
barrier. In addition, a lack of
access due to arbitrariness and
psychological treatment.
awareness amongst care
19
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
discrimination.
Physicians thus usually
providers of what entitlements
employed informal networks
to health care are in place for
and non-government
migrants was reported as a
organisations to cover these
significant barrier since it led to
unfilled gaps.
irregular migrants being left
with a minimum of medical
attendance despite having the
right to receive care.
32. Suurmond et al
(2013) [55]
To explore insight in the
The respondents felt that
specific issues that
asylum seekers might have
healthcare providers were
little knowledge about the way
required to address in the
their body functions, and care
first contacts with newly
providers might need to put a
arrived asylum seekers.
lot of effort in clarifying
Not clearly described
Not clearly described
medical treatment. It was
questionable to screen
(mental) health problems
when there was no guarantee
for follow-up care. Thus, not all
respondents were not strict to
20
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
the screening guideline.
33. Terraza-Nu´n˜ez et
al (2011) [57]
To analyse health personnel
Providing healthcare to
Not clearly described
Informants ascribed the
perceptions concerning the
immigrants created feelings of
inadequacy of resources to an
provision of care to
distress, overload and
absence of suitable planning
immigrant population
exhaustion in health
on the side of the health
professionals, especially in
authority (Department of
primary care level.
Health), as well as to its
Communication barriers
lethargy in adapting the health
emerged as one of the main
system (physical and human
problems.
resources, regulations and
clinical instruments) to the
‘‘sudden’’ increase in
population size and needs of
immigrants’ population.
34. van den Ameele et al
(2013) [58]
To identify the current role
Respondents acknowledged
Limitations of the Moroccan
Participants considered it was
and position of the
the need for appropriate
public health sector re the
their responsibility to provide
healthcare sector in
prevention of sexual violence
response to sexual violence
evidence of the violence and to
Morocco towards the
against migrants, but
included Insufficient staffing,
refer immigrant victims to legal
prevention of sexual
differences in language, beliefs
structures and resources.
assistance. However, some
violence against sub-
and cultures, occasionally,
Accordingly, in practice, several
providers viewed that
21
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
Saharan migrants
encumbered health care
informants indicated that
reporting the presence of
workers to tracking traumatic
Trans-migrants relied entirely
illegal migrants to police would
experiences and indentifying
on help from NGOs.
increase risk of being
victim cases.
deported, and such practice
also contradicted the
professional norm.
35. Vangen et al (2004)
[59]
To explore how perinatal
Health care professionals were
The communication between
care practice might
uncertain about delivery
outpatient clinics and the
influence labour outcomes
procedures for infibulated
hospitals re the management
amongst circumcised
women and occasionally
of infibulation was poor. The
women.
caesarean sections were done
antenatal clinics had stopped
in lieu of defibulation. Neglect
referring women to the
of circumcision might lead to
hospital for antenatal
unnecessary caesarean
defibulation since their
sections or even adverse birth
requests had been refused.
Not clearly described
outcomes.
36. Wachtler et al (2006)
[60]
to examine how
GPs conducted their
consultations with
consultations with immigrant
immigrant patients were
patients in the same way that
understood by general
they conducted all their
Not clearly described
Not clearly described
22
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
practitioners (GPs) and how
consultations. These culturally
GPs managed these
charged consultations were
consultations
difficult, emotional, and led to
a feeling of failure if the GPs
felt they had no way of solving
the problem of failed
communication, and therefore
could not be a good physician
to their patients.
37. Worth et al (2009)
[61]
To examine the experiences
Most healthcare and social
Health care services often
of South Asian Sikh and
care professionals expressed
faced difficulty in managing
Muslim patients (and their
intentions to provide equitable
basic needs under Muslim
families) in Scotland with
care both migrants and normal
culture, such as, the Halal diet,
life limiting illness and to
citizens, but their aim was
and need for specific hygiene
identify how to overcome
hampered by language
practices, such as Wudu (ritual
these problems
difficulties and lack of
ablution preceding daily
understanding of Muslim
prayers), which were not
culture/tradition. The situation
usually prepared in the routine
was more complicated when
practice.
Not clearly described
engaging with life limited
23
Selected articles
Objective(s) or research
Interaction with migrant
Interaction with providers'
Interaction with external
(author(s), year)
question(s)
patients
workplace (infrastructure
environment (social values,
and/or resources)
laws, economics, and politics)
illness, where bereavement,
death and dying came into play
since emotional troubles were
difficult to address openly.
Note: * Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Lithuania, Germany, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, and the United Kingdom
24