PALAEOLITHIC
2. Complete the following table (criteria B):
Years
period
5.000.000
Period
Human beings
Palaeolithic Australopithecus
Homo habilis
- Neolithic
Metal ages
Social and
cultural features
They were
hunters
and
gatherers
They were
hunters
and
gatherers
- They made
stone tools
Homo erectus
1.500.000
years ago
- They walked -They live outside
upright
Africa
(Europe
and Asia) and
they discovered
fire
(500.000
years ago)
Neanderthal
130.00030.000 years
ago.
They
extinguished
130.000
years ago
-They
were -The first species
stronger
and to bury their dead.
shorter than us They used
a
simple language.
Sapiens
- 11.000
years ago
- 7.000
years ago
Years Human Physic features
beings
5.000.000
- they were
years ago
smaller
and
very similar to
chimpanzees.
Walked on two
feet
2.000.000
- their brain
years ago
was
bigger
(500 cc to
800cc)
and
walked on two
feet
- Slimmer but -They developed
taller
than a
complex
Neanderthals.
language
- They were able
to make fine tools
- The created art
3. Radiocarbon dating test for organic findings, for example bits of
bone or burnt wood, but radiocarbon dating is effective for material
of an age up to around 45,000 years before present.
Stratigraphic relationships for older findings
4. We are talking about millions of year and we have to take
into consideration an error +/- 5%
5. Non writing sources
6. The process of developing characteristics that is distinctive of
humans
7. According the physical features she was more a chimpanzee
as a human being but in terms of evolution she has to be
considered our first ancestor, a human being
8. They were able to speak in a simple language, they were the
first species to bury their dead and they were able to make fine
tools.
9.a. They look like us (but smaller and stronger)
9.b. The meat from the animals they hunt, fish and the wild
fruits they gathered.
9.c. Outdoors and also in caves
9.d. With the skins of the animals they hunt
9.e.They made effective and finer tools at the end of
palaeolithic period. Speer, axes, balls “bolas”, knifes,
9.f. Wood, stone (silex as the most important, obsidian…), bones
9.g. They live in groups of 40-60 people
There was a division of the work, young people as hunters
and old people as gatherers
9h. Yes, because of the food and also because of the different
seasons (climate)
10.
They discovered the fire
They walked on two feet
They hunt and eat meat, not just roots
They make fine tools
They created art (cave paintings)
They buried their dead
Horses in Lascaux.
Bisons in Altamira
Signs in El Castillo
11.
Palaeolithic art is considered the oldest art, dated on
the Upper Palaeolithic (40000-12.000 years ago). The
paintings are inside the caves and mostly in the South
of France and the north of Spain. The most famous
painting caves are Altamira (Spain) and Lascaux
(France).
They painted with pigments made from minerals. Yes,
they used several colours like red, brown, yellow, black
and white.
Red, black and yellow. Red (rust) colors were obtained
from iron oxide; black came either from charcoal or
manganese dioxide; and white, which was rarely used,
came from kaolin or kaolinite. It may be that the
artists also used blues and greens obtained from plants,
but these colours have faded from the walls, and so we
cannot be certain of this
These minerals were ground up on pestles and mortars,
and combined to produce a variety of colours. They
were then mixed with water to make paint.
Archaeologists used to think that the pigments were
mixed with oils or fats, but experiments have shown
that this does not work.
Yes, they tried to represent the animals in a realistic
way
No, they just painted animals and signs
Yes, it looks three-dimensional because Palaeolithic
(Old Stone Age) people decorated their cave walls
either by carving or engraving them with sharp stones
Not always, sometimes seems hunting or rituals scenes
http://www.lascaux.culture.fr
find:
1. Felines
2. Horses
3. Bisons
NEOLITHIC
9. They looked like us, they did not look like primitives human
beings from Palaeolithic
They ate bread and some other products from the cereals they
cultivated and meat and milk from the animals they
domesticated
11.000 years ago. Goats, sheep, oxen, horses, pigs and dogs
They became sedentary and built villages. They live in basic
houses made by wood and stone
Because they didn’t need to move to find animals to eat, they
domesticated them and they also protect themselves with houses
from the climate conditions
Textile looms
To store cereals, to eat and cook
They lived in villages in bigger groups of people than the
palaeolithic, 100-200 people in a village. The technical changes
and the farming activities developed specialised works as,
peasants, breeders, artisans (pottery and textile workers)..
For the first time the humans domesticate the land and the
animals
Cave paintings in Cogul, Lleida. Neolithic
Schematic art in Levante (Spain). Neolithic