Genetic structure of leopards in central India
SUPPORTING INFORMATION:
Fig S1: Map of the study landscape showing the location of 217 individual leopards. Park
boundaries are shown in orange, and individual leopards are represented by green dots.
Genetic structure of leopards in central India
Fig S2: Output of STRUCTURE and TESS.
(a)
(b)
Error bars represent Standard Deviation.
(a) STRUCTURE output: the log likelihood of data (Pr X/K) from 10 replicate
STRUCTURE runs assuming K=1-10. Delta K is shown by triangles and dashed line, Ln
Prob (X/K) depicted by squares and solid line.
(b) TESS DIC values that plateau at K=5.
Genetic structure of leopards in central India
Fig S3: Output of TESS at K=4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Hard clustering plots from analysis in TESS at K=4 produced three clustering patterns
in 10 runs. Outcome (a) was produced 3 times, (b) 3 times, (c) 4 times. In all runs and
clustering patterns, STR (shown by red) was always distinct. Black dots represent
locations of individual leopards and black lines show vornoi cells.
Genetic structure of leopards in central India
Fig S4: Bar plot of STRUCTURE analysis at K=3 with individuals sampled at Kanha,
Pench and Melghat (excluding Satpura), using no prior information.
Pench TR
Melghat TR
Kanha TR
Table S1: Characteristics of microsatellite amplification, success and error rates of fecal
amplification of leopards at 7 microsatellites.
Locus
Size
range
No. of
alleles
Success
Ho
He
PID
PID (sibs)
ADO
FA
FCA672
82-112
16
85
0.77
0.79
6.65E-02
3.75E-01
0.151
0.025
E7
135-159
12
77
0.82
0.86
2.17E-03
1.23E-01
0.117
0
FCA008
128-146
10
78
0.71
0.84
1.02E-04
4.27E-02
0.144
0
F42
215-255
11
77
0.60
0.82
5.14E-06
1.50E-02
0.061
0.011
FCA126
132-150
10
82
0.75
0.83
2.46E-07
5.22E-03
0.123
0.004
FCA279
85-113
15
86
0.78
0.87
7.49E-09
1.70E-03
0.053
0.006
FCA304
99-103
18
81
0.77
0.90
1.44E-10
5.24E-04
0.077
0
Ho, Observed Heterozygosity; He, Expected Heterozygosity; P ID and PID (sibs) is the cumulative
Probability of Identification; AR, allelic richness; ADO, Allelic Drop Out; FA, False Alleles.
Source: Dutta et al (2012)
Genetic structure of leopards in central India
Table S2: Frequency of private alleles at different loci
Tiger Reserve
Satpura TR
Satpura TR
Satpura TR
Satpura TR
Satpura TR
Melghat TR
Melghat TR
Melghat TR
Melghat TR
Melghat TR
Pench TR
Pench TR
Pench TR
Kanha TR
Kanha TR
Locus
E7
FCA008
F42
FCA 279
FCA 304
FCA 672
FCA 672
FCA 672
FCA 672
FCA 279
FCA 672
FCA 279
FCA 304
E7
FCA 126
Allele
159
130
215
87
143
82
106
108
112
111
110
89
99
145
124
Frequency
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01