Semester II Biology Finale Exam (2015)
1. What is the largest level of organization from the choices below?
A. ecosystem B. organism
C. population D. community
2. What level of organization is represented by a single cow?
A. organism
B. population
C. community
D. ecosystem
3. Which of the following statements about plants is false?
A. They are detrivores.
B. They can photosynthesize.
C. They are producers.
D. They are autotrophs.
4. Primary consumers can also be called
A. carnivores
B. herbivores
C. omnivores
D. autotrophs
5. Imagine that all the cougars in a forest population are killed. Which of the following is likely to
result?
A. The number of deer will increase due to a lack of predation.
B. The number of deer will decrease due to a lack of predators.
C. The deer population will remain unaffected.
D. Other predators will evolve to consume the deer.
6. In the Figure below, which organism in the food chain is in the third trophic level?
A. grass
B. cricket
C. snake
D. hawk
7. In the previous figure, which organism would represent the fewest in numbers (biomass).
A.Cricket
B.Snake
C.lizard
D.Hawk
8. A one-way relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism is
called
A. mutualism
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. symbiosis
9. The relationship between a human and a tapeworm is
A. commensalism
B. predation
C. parasitism
D. mutualism
10. An organism’s trophic level refers to
A. where it lives
B. what it eats
C. how quickly it takes in energy
D. what other organisms it interacts with
11. What does a pyramid of biomass represent?
A. the energy available at each trophic level
B. the number of organisms at each trophic level
C. the number of food chains at each trophic level
D. the total mass of living things at each trophic level
12. Nitrogen fixation means putting nitrogen into….
A. the soil
B. the atmosphere
C. space
D. all the above
Fig 2
13. In Fig 2, where will you find the greatest amount of biodiversity?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
14. In Figure 2, which section would have a lack of organisms?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. all the above
15. At which stage in Figure 3-3 are the most pioneer species found?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
16. What single feature is primarily responsible for the variation of climate in different parts of the world?
a.
intensity of wind
b.
angle of incoming sunlight
c.
length of daylight
d.
amount of precipitation
17. Which of these species might be classified as a pioneer species?
a. ponderosa pine
c. aspen
b. choke cherry
d. lichen
18. Compare primary and secondary succession. What is the distinction between them?
a. Primary succession is the sequence of species that become established early in a
newly colonized area, and secondary succession is the sequence of species that
move in later.
b. Primary succession is the establishment of a community in an area with no soil,
while secondary succession is the establishment of a new community in an
existing ecosystem that was disturbed.
c. Primary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing
ecosystem that was disturbed, while secondary succession is the establishment of
a community in an area with no soil.
d. Primary succession is the sequence of plants that colonize a new area, while
secondary succession is the sequence of animals that move in later.
19. Density, distribution, and growth rate are characteristics used to classify which one of the
following?
a. biomes
c. limiting factors
b. populations
d. age structure
20. Which of the following does not affect the spatial distribution of a population?
a.
the carrying capacity of a population
b.
the distribution of food and other resources
c.
abiotic conditions like rainfall and sunlight
d.
the existence of predators or parasites
21. A flowering plant has seeds that are carried by the wind. Infer the most likely dispersion
pattern of the plants that grow from these seeds.
a. uniform
c. random
b. clumped groups
d. spatial
22. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Population size of predators increases when their prey is scarce.
b. Competition for resources is density-independent when food is plentiful.
c. Disease is density-dependent because transmission of the disease is affected by
numbers
d. A change in average temperature is a density-dependent factor because fewer
organisms can acclimate to variations in temperature.
23. Young adult male chimpanzees look for mates outside their own population. The males then
take the females back to their group. Which of the following occured to the population the
females came from?
a. emigration
c. mortality
b. immigration
d. natality
24. To assess a population’s current growth , an ecologist must know how many individuals are
born, how many died, and how many move away in a given period of time. What else must an
ecologist know?
a. how many individuals find mates
b. how many individuals move in from somewhere else
c. how many individuals carry communicable diseases
d. how many individuals are young or old
25. A fruit fly that has a short life span and produces many offspring can be classified into which
reproductive strategy?
a. r-strategist
c. a carrying-capacity strategist
b. k-strategist
d. a logistic strategist
26. Which characteristic is typical of a k-strategist?
a. short life span
b. generally a small organism
c. produces many offspring
d. lengthy parental care of young
27. The worlds population has reached...
a. 6.5 billion
b. 7 billion
c. 7 million
d. 6.5 million
28. Which age-structure pattern reflects a population with a declining population?
a. the pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive age classes are of equal
sizes
b. the pre-reproductive age classes are larger than the reproductive or postreproductive age classes
c. the reproductive age classes are smaller than pre- and post-reproductive age
classes
d. the youngest, or pre-reproductive, age classes are the smallest
29. A population’s ________ (a. growth rate, b. disperssion rate) is the amount that a
population’s size changes in a given period of time.
30. A previously rapidly growing population of green tree frogs in the city park has suddenly
leveled off, and is presently neither increasing or decreasing in numbers. You can probably infer
that the tree frog population has reached its ___________ (a. abiotic limit b. carying capacity).
31. The size of a population will decrease if mortality ________ (a. increases b. decreases)
32. The three major causes of human deaths throughout recorded history are war, famine, and
___________ (a. disease b. natural disasters)
33. Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the
target insects are resistant to the usual-sized dose. What is the most likely explanation for the
resistance to the insecticide?
a. Eating the insecticide caused the insects to become more resistant to it.
b. Eating the insecticide caused the insects to become less resistant to it.
c. The pesticide destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing
them to live longer.
d. The insects developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide.
34. Which answer best shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest?
a. camouflage in a tree frog
b. the long neck of a giraffe
c. an elephant's long trunk
d. migration of birds in winter
35. Which combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for
evolutionary change?
a. small population, few mutations
b. small population, many mutations
c. large population, few mutations
d. large population, many mutations
36. When investigating shell color of a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom
visited by humans, scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph
in the above Figure. Based on the information shown in the graph, what form of selection is the
snail population undergoing?
a.
b.
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
c.
d.
artificial selection
directional selection
37. What type of adaptation is shown in the above Figure.
a.
mimicry
c.
artificial selection
b.
camouflage d.
homologous structure
38. Which term best describes the structures shown in the above Figure?
a.
ancestral
c.
analogous
b.
heterologous d.
vestigial
39. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection
and evolution?
a. Natural selection results from evolution.
b. Natural selection includes evolution as a part of it.
c. Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution.
d. Natural selection and evolution are the same thing.
40. How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?
a. They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth.
b. They show evidence of species that are now extinct.
c. They are the primary source of evidence of natural selection.
d. Fossils reveal that many species have remained unchanged for millions of years.
41. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of derived traits and ancestral traits?
a. Derived traits result from artificial selection; ancestral traits result from natural
selection.
b. Derived traits appear in species; ancestral traits appear in genera or higher taxa.
c. Derived traits are primitive; ancestral traits are contemporary.
d. Derived traits are recent features; ancestral traits are more primitive features.
42. The loss of and perceived function of a structure in a species is classified as what kind of
structures?
a. vestigial
c. analogous
b. homologous
d. comparative
43. According to Darwin, which of the following best explains why the mara is more similar to
other South American mammals than it is to the European rabbit?
a. Its genotype is similar to the South American animals.
b. It shares amino-acid sequences with other South American animals.
c. species in the same geographical location are more similar.
d. Its geographic distribution indicates very little variation over time.
44. Which of the following must occur for speciation to develop?
a. populations have to be small
b. populations have to be made up of several species
c. populations must be over-populated
d. populations must be separated
45. When allelic frequencies remain unchanged, a population is in genetic equilibrium. This
statement expresses which of the following?
a. genetic drift
b. Hardy-Weinberg principle
c. sympatric speciation
d. pre-zygotic isolating mechanism