Evolution & Classification Review Answers
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Hypotheses / Theories / Laws are usually most specific in their focus.
This step in the scientific method is broader, covering several related experiments.
_____________ variables are those that the experimenter changes in an experiment.
_____________ variables are those that change in response to the changes made by the
experimenter.
This is a definition for______________: This trait-based characteristic allows an organism
to change within their lifetimes to fit environments when they themselves change.
This is a definition for______________: This behavior-based characteristic allows an
organism to change within their lifetimes to fit environments when they themselves
change.
This is a definition for______________: Inherited traits that improve an organism’s
ability to reproduce.
This is a definition for___________ ___________: This characteristic is developed through
use and disuse and passed on to offspring.
The theory for the question above was developed by_____________.
Darwin called the process that creates newer, modified descendants of older, related
fossils_____________.
______________ is the process by which populations change over time, sometimes
forming new species.
These are 4 the requirements of evolution, referred to as the “Tenets of Evolution”. List
them.
This Tenet is responsible for ensuring genetic information will be passed on to the next
generation by increasing odds of surviving offspring in the organism’s favor.
This Tenet is a requirement of evolution because there needs to be differences among the
members of a population.
A necessary component of evolution is based the fact that organisms must
_____________ with other members of their population in order to survive.
This Tenet is responsible for ensuring offspring from successful parents will have similar
traits.
This Tenet is responsible for selecting the best trait for survival from variations that occur
in the population.
When a population becomes better suited to its environment over time it is
called__________.
When a person increases their red blood cell count when they travel to higher elevations
they undergo ________________.
When a wolf sheds their undercoat in the spring it is called an _________________.
When a beaver builds a dam in a river to create an ecosystem it is called an
______________.
The arm bones of humans, dogs, whales, and bats are built with the same bones,
although they have been modified for the organism’s unique needs. These are
called__________ __________.
The wings of birds, bats, and butterflies all allow the organisms’ structures to perform the
same function (to fly) but they are built quite differently. These are called _________
___________.
The process that creates the features above is called ________________ _____________.
These are the 6 categories for evidence in support of evolution.
__________ of different organisms look strikingly similar even though they develop into
dramatically different adults.
____________ of similar organisms show a progression of traits in different-aged strata,
supporting descent with modification.
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Hypotheses
Theory
Independent
Dependent
Acclimation
Accommodation
Adaptation
Acquired
characteristic
Lamarck
Descent with
modification
Evolution
Variation,
heredity,
overproduction,
natural selection
Overproduction
Variation
Compete
Heredity
Natural selection
Adapting
Acclimation
Accommodation
Accommodation
Homologous
structures
Analogous
structures
Convergent
evolution
Fossil record,
biogeography,
biochemistry,
homologous
structures,
developmental
biology, natural
selection
observed
Embryos
Fossils
Vestigial
structures
Fossils, fossils
Biological species
concept
Proteins, DNA
Biological species
Gene flow
28. Whales and snakes both have bones that appear in the same area where other animals
have legs. These bones, much like human tail bones, are called _________________
_______________.
29. ___________ of organisms that are found in older strata are more simple than
___________ found in younger strata.
30. The _____________ ______________ _____________ defines a species as members of
populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not necessarily according to
similarity of appearance.
31. The closer two organisms are related in evolution, the more similar their ____________ or
_____ sequences are.
32. The __________ _____________ concept defines a species as a group of organisms that
can interbreed and have fertile offspring.
33. Evolutionary forces include the mutation of genes and ______________________
____________________, which is the movement of alleles into or out of a population.
34. In small populations, the frequency of an allele can be greatly changed by a chance event,
such as a fire or landslide. This change in allele frequency is called _______________
__________________.
35. If you were to plot the height of everyone in your class on a graph, the values would
probably form a hill-shaped curve called a(n) ____________________
______________________.
36. Sometimes, individuals prefer to mate with others that live nearby or are of their own
phenotype, a situation called ___________ ______________.
37. Evolution at the level of genetic change is called ______________________.
38. When a species fails to produce any more descendants, ______________________
occurs.
39. A population in which no genetic change is occurring is in a state of
______________________ ______________________.
40. (Honors) We prove if genetic change is occurring by determining if ______________
______________ equilibrium over many generations changes.
41. The divergence of multiple lineages into many new species in a specific area and time is
called ______________________ ______________________.
42. The particular combination of all alleles in a population at any one point in time makes
up a(n) ______________________ ______________________.
43. The study of changes in the numbers and types of alleles in populations is called
______________________ ______________________.
44. A state in which two populations can no longer interbreed to produce future offspring is
______________________ ______________________.
45. The accumulation of differences between populations is called
______________________.
46. The process of forming new species by evolution from preexisting species is called
______________________.
47. A force that separates one part of population from another is called a _____________.
This accounts for two or more species arising from one common ancestor.
48. A ______________ illustrates the phylogenic relationship between organisms based upon
shared anatomical features.
49. The more ______________ between organisms implies closer phylogeny.
50. We can use three types of evidence to determine phylogeny; ______ ______________
and ___________ homology.
51. The most inclusive taxonomical grouping is ____________.
52. The most specific taxonomical grouping is ____________.
53. The scientific name for an organism is based upon _____________ then _____________.
34. Genetic drift
35. Standard
distribution
36. Non-random
mating or sexual
selection
37. Microevolution
38. Speciation
39. Genetic
equilibrium
40. Hardy Weinberg
41. Adaptive
radiation
42. Gene pool
43. Population
genetics
44. Reproductive
isolation
45. Speciation
46. Microevolution
47. Divergence
48. Cladogram
49. Homology
50. DNA, protein,
trait
51. Domain
52. Species
53. Genus, species