Course Name
Transmission (SONET, SDH, DWDM) Fundamentals
Course Number
LS 117 106
Course Duration
2 days
Course Description
This course provides an overview of the SONET/SDH and /DWDM
networking elements, and their technologies, required to build evolving
transport networks. It provides you with a comprehensive business and
technical foundation in optical networks, services and applications
development.
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the attendees will be able to:
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Understand SONET/SDH Technology
Understand SONET/SDH Transmission Hierarchy
Explore SONET/SDH Architectures & Services
Understand Digital Signal Synchronization
Understand SONET/SDH Network Elements
Develope SONEt/SDH network architecture and configuration using
Terminal Multiplexe, Regenerator, Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADMs),
Digital Cross-Connects and Digital Loop Carrier
Understand Protection Switching
Target Audience
This course is designed to provide a general overview for strategic or
technical managers, consultants, communications professionals, software
engineers, system engineers, network professionals, marketing and sales
professional, IT professionals, and others who plan on using, evaluating,
designing or working with SONET/SDH, D/WDM and optical networks.
Prerequisites
None
Course Modules
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Executive Summary
Broadband Networks
B-ISDN, ATM, and SONET/SDH
Optical Networks
Fiber Optic Fundamentals
Access, metro, long hual networks
SONET/SDH Overview
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Overview, Architectures and Services
SONET/SDH in Cable Television & Broadcast Networks
SONET/SDH in Enterprise Networks & LANs
Convergence of Services
Overview of SONET/SDH Structure & Formats
Overview of SONET/SDH Products & Features
Overview of SONET/SDH Networking
Introduction to Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Overview of Fiber Optics Communications
Fiber optic transmission
Optical fibres structure
Optical amplifiers
Light sources and transmitters
Photodiodes and receivers
Optical communication systems
Optical components
SONET/SDH Architectures & Services
Evolving CPE/ILEC/IXCsInfrastructure & Services
Inter-Office & Core Networking with SONET/SDH
SONET/SDH in the Feeder Section
Loop Section & the Last Mile
ADSL (Twisted Pair)
HFC (Coax)
FITL/FTTC/FTTH/FTTD (Fiber)
Strategies for DWDM & SONET/SDH in the 21st Century
What are the Benefits of SONET/SDH?
Pointers, MUX/ DEMUX
Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing
Optical Interconnect
Multipoint Configurations
Convergence, ATM, Video, and SONE/SDH
Grooming
Reduced Cabling and Elimination of DSX Panels
Enhanced OAM&P
Enhanced Performance Monitoring
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SONET Frame Format Structure
STS-1 Building Block
STS-1 Frame Structure
STS-1 Envelope Capacity
Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE)
STS-1 SPE in Interior of STS-1 Frames
STS-N Frame Structure
Overheads
Section Overhead Line Overhead
STS Path Overhead
VT Path Overhead
SONET Alarm Structure
Pointers
VT Mappings
Concatenated Payloads
Payload Pointers
Positive Stuffing
Negative Stuffing
Virtual Tributaries
STS-1 VT1.5 SPE Columns
DS1 Visibility
VT Superframe and Envelope Capacity
VT SPE and Payload Capacity
SONET Multiplexing
SONET/SDH Payloads
Digital and Analog Transmission Standards
Digital Hierarchy
Origin of SONET/SDH
Why SONET/SDH? Why DWDM and WDM?
SONET/SDH Signal Format
STS/OC
STS-1 Frame
SONET Payload Pointers
STS-3 SPE
STS-48 SPE
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Virtual Tributaries
SONET Synchronization and Timing
Straturn Clock
Plesiochronous Clock
Overview of BITS
SONET/SDH Network Architecture
Technical Advantages
Redundancy
Layers & Functions
Network path, line, and section
Multiplexing Frame Structures/Formats
Ring Configurations (terminals, drops, inserts)
Network Synchronization (timing, modes, pointers, issues)
Applications & Services
SONET/SDH Network Elements
Terminal Multiplexer
Regenerator
Add/Drop Multiplexer
Digital Cross-Connects
Digital Loop Carrier
Protection and Survivability
SONET Rings
Element Managers
SONET/SDH Network Toplogies and Configurations
Point-to-Point
Point-to-Multipoint
Hub Architecture
Ring Architecture
Span Engineering
Engineering a SONET/SDH and DWDM link
What are the factors?
Amplifier power
Amplifier spacing
Fiber types
Channel count and bit rate
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Channel Bit Rate
Dispersion and polarization
Non-linear effects
Managing SONET/SDH Networks and Services
Customer and Carrier Advantages
OAM&P
Multi-vendor Interoperability and Management
Routing
Event Management
Performance Management
Integrated SONET/SDH Management
Standards for Network and Service Management
SONET Rings
SONET/SDH Services
Introduction to DWDM
Optical Networking and DWDM
Optical Network Breakthroughs
Special Fibers
S, C and L Bands
Optical Components
Optical Spectral Filters and Gratings
Optical Demultiplexers
The Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
The Tunable Laser Diode Operating at 1550 nm
In-Fiber Bragg Grating
Light Sources
Optical Cross-Connects
Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers
DWDM and SONET
DWDM Components and Architecture
DWDM Anatomy
DWDM Impairments
DWDM Optical Amplifiers
DWDM Filter Modules
Wavelength Converters
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Integrated DWDM Modules
Modal Effects
Scattering Effects
Miscellaneous Effects
SONET/SDH, IP, ATM, WDM and DWDM Integration
Interworking Issues and Challenges
Protection and Restoration
Network Management and Service Delivery
Mapping IP on SONET
MPLS/GMPLS
QoS
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY (SDH) (Optional)
Basic Rates
Frame Structure
Overhead Bytes
STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64
Tributary Units (TUs)
SONET and SDH Compatibility
SDH Overhead
Regenerator Section Overhead
Multiplex Section Overhead
Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3)
Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1)
SDH Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms
SDH Error Performance Monitoring
SDH Pointers
Payload Pointers
Positive Pointer Justification
Negative Pointer Justification
SDH Multiplexing
SDH Tributary Multiplexing
Tributary Unit Group
TU Multiframe
TU Payload Pointer
Automatic Protection Switching
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Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes
1+1 Protection
1:N Protection