ele12305-sup-0002-AppendixS2

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Appendix S2 Publications included in the meta-analysis
Ägren, J., Ehrlén, J. & Solbreck, C. (2008). Spatio-temporal variation in fruit production and
seed predation in a perennial herb influenced by habitat quality and population size. J.
Ecol., 96, 334-345.
Alberti, J., Escapa, M., Iribarne, O., Silliman, B.R. & Bertness, M. (2008). Crab herbivory
regulates plant facilitative and competitive processes in Argentinean marshes. Ecology,
89, 155-164.
Allan, B.F., Keesing, F. & Ostfeld, R.S. (2003). Effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease
risk. Conserv. Biol., 17, 267-272.
Amarasekare, P. (2000). Spatial dynamics in a host-multiparasitoid community. J. Anim. Ecol.,
69, 201-213.
Andresen, E. (2003). Effect of forest fragmentation on dung beetle communities and functional
consequences for plant regeneration. Ecography, 26, 87-97.
Antolin, M.F. & Strong, D.R. (1987). Long distance dispersal by a parasitoid (Anagrus delicatus,
Mymaridae) and its host. Oecologia, 73, 288-292.
Anton, C., Zeisset, I., Musche, M., Durka, W., Boomsma, J.J. & Settele, J. (2007). Population
structure of a large blue butterfly and its specialist parasitoid in a fragmented landscape.
Mol. Ecol., 16, 3828-3838.
Armbrecht, I. & Perfecto, I. (2003). Litter-twig dwelling ant species richness and predation
potential within a forest fragment and neighboring coffee plantations of contrasting
habitat quality in Mexico. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 97, 107-115.
Arnold, A.E. & Asquith, N. M. (2002). Herbivory in a fragmented tropical forest: patterns from
islands at Lago Gatún, Panama. Biodivers. Conserv., 11, 1663-1680.
Arrieta, S. & Suárez, F. (2005) Spatial patterns of seedling emergence and survival as a critical
phase in holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) woodland recruitment in Central Spain. Forest Ecol.
Manag., 205, 267–282.
Athen, O. & Tscharntke, T. (1999). Insect communities of Phragmites habitats used for sewage
purification: effects of age and area of habitats on species richness and herbivoreparasitoid interactions. Limnologica, 29, 71-74.
Bach, C.E. & Kelly, D. (2004). Effects of forest edges on herbivory in a New Zealand mistletoe,
Alepis flavida. New Zeal. J. Ecol., 28, 195-205.
Baggen, L.R. & Gurr, G.M. (1998). The influence of food on Copidosoma koehleri
(Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae), and the use of flowering plants as a habitat management tool
to enhance biological control of potato moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera :
Gelechiidae). Biol. Conserv., 11, 9-17.
Bañuelos, M.-J. & Kollmann, J. (2011). Effects of host-plant population size and plant sex on a
specialist leaf-miner. Acta Oecol., 37, 58-64.
Benitez-Malvido, J., García-Guzmán, G. & Kossmann-Ferraz, I. D. (1999). Leaf-fungal
incidence and herbivory on tree seedlings in tropical rainforest fragments: an
experimental study. Biol. Conserv.. 91, 143-150.
Benitez-Malvido, J. & Lemus-Albor, A. (2005). The seedling community of tropical rain forest
edges and its interaction with herbivores and pathogens. Biotropica, 37, 301-313.
Bergerot, B., Julliard, R. & Baguette, M. (2010). Metacommunity dynamics: decline of
functional relationship along a habitat fragmentation gradient. PLoS ONE, 5, e11294.
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Bianchi, F.J.J.A., Goedhart, P.W. & Baveco, J.M. (2008). Enhanced pest control in cabbage
crops near forest in The Netherlands. Landscape Ecol., 23, 595-602.
Bigger, D.S. (1999). Consequences of patch size and isolation for a rare plant: pollen limitation
and seed predation. Nat. Area J., 19, 239-244.
Boccaccio, L. & Petacchi, R. (2009). Landscape effects on the complex of Bactrocera oleae
parasitoids and implications for conservation biological control. Biocontrol, 54, 607-616.
Braschler, B. & Baur, B. (2005). Experimental small-scale grassland fragmentation alters
competitive interactions among ant species. Oecologia, 143, 291-300.
Brückmann, S.V., Krauss, J., van Achterberg, C. & Steffan-Dewenter, I. (2011). The impact of
habitat fragmentation on trophic interactions of the monophagous butterfly Polyommatus
coridon. J. Insect Conserv., 15, 707-714.
Burgos, A., Grez, A.A. & Bustamante, R.O. (2008). Seed production, pre-dispersal seed
predation and germination of Nothofagus glauca (Nothofagaceae) in a temperate
fragmented forest in Chile. Forest Ecol. Manag., 255, 1226-1233.
Burkey, T.V. (1993). Edge effects in seed and egg predation at two neotropical rainforest sites.
Biol. Conserv., 66, 139-143.
Bustamante-Sánchez, M.A., Grez, A.A. & Simonetti, J. A. (2004). Dung decomposition and
associated beetles in a fragmented temperate forest. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 77, 107-120.
Cappuccino, N., Lavertu, D., Bergeron, Y. & Régnière, J. (1998). Spruce budworm impact,
abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape. Oecologia, 114, 236-242.
Cascante, A., Quesada, M., Lobo, J.J. & Fuchs, E. A. (2002). Effects of dry tropical forest
fragmentation on the reproductive success and genetic structure of the tree Samanea
saman. Conserv. Biol., 16, 137-147.
Christianini, A.V. & Galetti, M. (2007). Spatial variation in post-dispersal seed removal in an
Atlantic forest: effects of habitat, location and guilds of seed predators. Acta Oecol., 32,
328-336.
Christie, F.J. & Hochuli, D. F. (2005). Elevated levels of herbivory in urban landscapes: are
declines in tree health more than an edge effect? Ecol. Soc., 10, 10.
Colling, G. & Matthies, D. (2004). The effects of plant population size on the interactions
between the endangered plant Scorzonera humilis, a specialised herbivore, and a
phytopathogenic fungus. Oikos, 105, 71-78.
Cook, W.M., Holt, R.D. & Yao, J. (2001). Spatial variability in oviposition damage by periodical
cicadas in a fragmented landscape. Oecologia, 127, 51-61.
Costamagna, A.C., Menalled, F.D. & Landis, D.A. (2004). Host density influences parasitism of
the armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta in agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl. Ecol., 5,
347-355.
Cronin, J.T. (2003a). Matrix heterogeneity and host-parasitoid interactions in space. Ecology, 84,
1506-1516.
Cronin, J.T. (2003b). Patch structure, oviposition behavior, and the distribution of parasitism
risk. Ecol. Monogr., 73, 283-300.
Cronin, J.T. (2007). Shared parasitoids in a metacommunity: indirect interactions inhibit
herbivore membership in local communities. Ecology, 88, 2977-2990.
Cronin, J.T. (2009a). Habitat edges, within-patch dispersion of hosts, and parasitoid oviposition
behavior. Ecology, 90, 196-207.
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Cronin, J.T. (2009b). Movement, colonization, and establishment success of a planthopper of
prairie potholes, Delphacodes scolochloa (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Ecol. Entomol., 34,
114-124.
Cronin, J.T. & Strong, D.R. (1999). Dispersal-dependent oviposition and the aggregation of
parasitism. Am. Nat., 154, 23-26.
Daleo, P., Alberti, J. & Iribarne, O. (2011). Crab herbivory regulates re-colonization of disturbed
patches in a southwestern Atlantic salt marsh. Oikos, 120, 842-847.
de Almeida, W.R., Wirth, R. & Leal, I.R. (2008). Edge-mediated reduction of phorid parasitism
on leaf-cutting ants in a Brazilian Atlantic forest. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 129, 251-257.
de Queiroz, J.M. & Garcia, M.A. (2009). The tritrophic system Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) agromyzid leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) - parasitoids (Hymenoptera): effects of
herbivore density, host plant patch size, and habitat complexity on parasitism rate. Braz.
Arch. Biol. Techn., 52, 573-580.
Denys, C. & Schmidt, H. (1998). Insect communities on experimental mugwort (Artemisia
vulgaris L.) plots along an urban gradient. Oecologia, 113, 269-277.
Didham, R.K. (1998). Altered leaf-litter decomposition rates in tropical forest fragments.
Oecologia, 116, 397-406.
Diekötter, T., Haynes, K.J., Mazeffa, D. & Crist, T.O. (2007). Direct and indirect effects of
habitat area and matrix composition on species interactions among flower-visiting
insects. Oikos, 116, 1588-1598.
Doak, P. (2000). The effects of plant dispersion and prey density on parasitism rates in a
naturally patchy habitat. Oecologia, 122, 556-567.
Dubbert, M., Tscharntke, T. & Vidal, S. (1998). Stem-boring insects of fragmented
Calamagrostis habitats: herbivore-parasitoid community structure and the
unpredictability of grass shoot abundance. Ecol. Entomol., 23, 271-280.
Dunley, B.S., Freitas, L. & Galetto, L. (2009). Reproduction of Byrsonima sericea
(Malpighiaceae) in Restinga fragmented habitats in southeastern Brazil. Biotropica, 41,
692-699.
Dyer, L.E. & Landis, D.A. (1997). Influence of noncrop habitats on the distribution of Eriborus
terebrans (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in cornfields. Environ. Entomol.. 26, 924-932.
Elzinga, J.A., Turin, H., van Damme, J.M.M. & Biere, A. (2005). Plant population size and
isolation affect herbivory of Silene latifolia by the specialist herbivore Hadena bicruris
and parasitism of the herbivore by parasitoids. Oecologia, 144, 416-426.
Esch, S., Klinkhamer, P.G.L. & van der Meijden, E. (2005). Do distances among host patches
and host density affect the distribution of a specialist parasitoid? Oecologia, 146, 218226.
Estrada-Villegas, S., Meyer, C.F.J. & Kalko, E.K.V. (2010). Effects of tropical forest
fragmentation on aerial insectivorous bats in a land-bridge island system. Biol. Conserv.,
143, 597-608.
Faeth, S.H. & Simberloff, D. (1981). Experimental isolation of oak host plants: effects on
mortality, survivorship, and abundances of leaf-mining insects. Ecology, 63, 625-635.
Fagan, W.F. & Bishop, J.G. (2000). Trophic interactions during primary succession: herbivores
slow a plant reinvasion at Mount St. Helens. Am. Nat., 155, 238-251.
Fagan, W.F., Lewis, M., Neubert, M.G., Aumann, C., Apple, J.L. & Bishop, J.G. (2005). When
can herbivores slow or reverse the spread of an invading plant? A test case from Mount
St. Helens. Am. Nat., 166, 669-685.
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Farwig, N., Bailey, D., Bochud, E., Herrmann, J.D., Kindler, E., Reusser, N., et al. (2009).
Isolation from forest reduces pollination, seed predation and insect scavenging in Swiss
farmland. Landscape Ecol., 24, 919-927.
Fáveri, S.B., Vasconcelos, H. L. & Dirzo, R. (2008). Effects of Amazonian forest fragmentation
on the interaction between plants, insect herbivores, and their natural enemies. J. Trop.
Ecol., 24, 57-64.
Fenoglio, M.S., Saivo, A. & Estallo, E.L. (2009). Effects of urbanisation on the parasitoid
community of a leafminer. Acta Oecol., 35, 318-326.
Forget, P.M., Kitajima, K. & Foster, R.B. (1999). Pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in
Tachigali versicolor (Caesalpiniaceae): effects of timing of fruiting and variation among
trees. J. Trop. Ecol., 15, 61-81.
Garraway, E., Bailey, A.J.A., Freeman, B.E., Parnell, J.R., & Emmel, T.C. (2008). Population
studies and conservation of Jamaica's endangered swallowtail butterfly Papilio
(Pterourus) homerus. J. Insect Conserv., 12, 383-397.
González-Gómez, P.L., Estades, C.F. & Simonetti, J.A. (2006). Strengthened insectivory in a
temperate fragmented forest. Oecologia, 148, 137-143.
Gove, A.D. & Rico-Gray, V. (2006). What determines conditionality in ant-Hemiptera
interactions? Hemiptera habitat preference and the role of local ant activity. Ecol.
Entomol., 31, 568-574.
Green, P.T., Lake, P.S. & O’Dowd, D.J. (2004) Resistance of island rainforest to invasion by
alien plants: influence of microhabitat and herbivory on seedling performance. Biol.
Invasions, 6, 1-9.
Griffiths, G.J.K., Alexander, C.J., Holland, J.M., Kennedy, P.J., Perry, J.N., Symondson,
W.O.C., et al. (2008). Monoclonal antibodies reveal changes in predator efficiency with
prey spatial pattern. Mol. Ecol., 17, 1828-1839.
Groom, M.J. (2001). Consequences of subpopulation isolation for pollination, herbivory, and
population growth in Clarkia concinna concinna (Onagraceae). Biol. Conserv., 100, 5563.
Guimãraes, P.R. & Cogni, R. (2002). Seed cleaning of Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) by ants:
edge effect in a highland forest in south-east Brazil. J. Trop. Ecol., 18, 303-307.
Hambäck, P.A., Vogt, M., Tscharntke, T., Thies, C. & Englund, G. (2007). Top-down and
bottom-up effects on the spatiotemporal dynamics of cereal aphids: testing scaling theory
for local density. Oikos, 116, 1995-2006.
Hambäck, P.A., Björkman, M. & Hopkins, R. J. (2010). Patch size effects are more important
than genetic diversity for plant-herbivore interactions in Brassica crops. Ecol. Entomol.,
35, 299-306.
Haynes, K.J. & Crist, T.O. (2009). Insect herbivory in an experimental agroecosystem: the
relative importance of habitat area, fragmentation, and the matrix. Oikos, 118, 14771486.
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G.S. (2008). Effect of forest fragmentation on fruit and seed predation of the tropical dry
forest tree Ceiba aesculifolia. Biol. Conserv., 141, 241-248.
Hodgson, P., French, K. & Major, R.E. (2006). Comparison of foraging behavior of small,
urban-sensitive insectivores in continuous woodland and woodland remnants in a
suburban landscape. Wildlife Res., 33, 591-603.
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(Acarina). Oecologia, 56, 249-256.
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Kobayashi, T., Kitahara, M. & Tanaka, E. (2008). Effects of habitat fragmentation on the threeway interaction among ants, aphids and larvae of the giant purple emperor, Sasakia
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parasitoid of the butterfly Melitaea cinxia. Oikos, 78, 91-100.
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male and female reproductive success in Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Asclepiadaceae).
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Lienert, J., Diemer, M. & Schmid, B. (2002). Effects of habitat fragmentation on population
structure and fitness components of the wetland specialist Swertia perennis L.
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Lienert, J. & Fischer, M. (2003). Habitat fragmentation affects the common wetland specialist
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Löfgren, A. (2002). Effects of isolation on distribution, fecundity, and survival in the selfincompatible Achillea millefolium (L.). Ecoscience, 9, 503-508.
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experimental study of the effects of host migration rate and local host population size.
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type of montane forest edge on oak seedling establishment along forest-edge-exterior
gradients. Forest Ecol. Manag., 225, 234-244.
Malo, J.E., Leirana-Alcocer, J. & Parra-Tabla, V. (2001). Population fragmentation, florivory,
and the effects of flower morphology alterations on the pollination success of
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Phytomyza ilicicola Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae): consequences for host choice within
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parasitism in agroecosystems. Ecol. Appl., 6, 276-284.
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Urophora quadrifasciata (Dipt. Tephritidae) in Michigan, USA. J. Appl. Entomol., 130,
91-95.
Martinez, J.J.I., Mokady, O. & Wool, D. (2005). Patch size and patch quality of gall-inducing
aphids in a mosaic landscape in Israel. Landscape Ecol., 20, 1013-1024.
McEuen, A.B. & Curran, L.M. (2006). Plant recruitment bottlenecks in temperate forest
fragments: seed limitation and insect herbivory. Plant Ecol., 184, 297-309.
McGeoch, M.A. & Gaston, K.J. (2000). Edge effects on the prevalence and mortality factors of
Phytomyza ilicis (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in a suburban woodland. Ecol. Lett., 3, 23-29.
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McKone, M., McLauchlan, K.K., Lebrun, E.G. & McCall, A.C. (2001). An edge effect caused
by adult corn-rootworm beetles on sunflowers in tallgrass prairie remnants. Conserv.
Biol., 15, 1315-1324.
Meiners, S.J., Handel, S.N. & Pickett, S.T.A. (2000). Tree seedling establishment under insect
herbivory: edge effects and interannual variation. Plant Ecol., 151, 161-170.
Meiners, S.J. & Martinkovic, M.J. (2002). Survival of and herbivore damage to a cohort of
Quercus rubra planted across a forest-old-field edge. Am. Midl. Nat., 147, 247-256.
Menalled, F.D., Marino, P.C., Gage, S.H. & Landis, D.A. (1999). Does agricultural landscape
structure affect parasitism and parasitoid diversity? Ecol. Appl., 9, 634-641.
Menalled, F.D., Marino, P.C., Renner, K.A. & Landis, D.A. (2000). Post-dispersal weed seed
predation in Michigan crop fields as a function of agricultural landscape structure. Agr.
Ecosyst. Environ., 77, 193-202.
Menalled, F.D., Costamagna, A.C., Marino, P.C. & Landis, D.A. (2003). Temporal variation in
the response of parasitoids to agricultural landscape structure. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 96,
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in Northwest Argentina. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 134, 148-152.
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foraging behaviour: implications for tropical forest restoration design. J. Appl. Ecol., 47,
130-138.
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