7th Grade CST Review Task List
Maya/Inca
/Aztec
Hierarchy/
Government
Religion(s)/
Impact on Today
Trade/
Economy
Aztec
-King & Nobles: most
important people in
empire. Palace
contained 3,000 slaves.
Had tax collectors and
nobles help with his
job.
-Priests and Warriors:
warriors fought in wars,
conquered new lands
for money, found
sacrifices to perform.
Priests kept calendar
for ceremonies, passed
down history and
stories, performed
sacrifices and
ceremonies
-Craftsmen and
Artisans: became rich
by selling and trading
their objects to other
people and leaders and
Mayans & Aztecs
were polytheistic.
Had sacrifices and
bleeding to please
gods. Sacrifices
heart to rain god.
Over 10,000
people were
sacrifices each
year.
Inca
Based on trade and
services. Used crops
as taxes and pay. Sent
crops to king.
Teamwork was
important. Farmed
and mined. Most
valuable trading item
was cloth. Hard to
produce. Also traded
ropes, llamas, pots,
gold and silver. No
money system. Gave
2/3 of food supply to
nobles and gods.
Mayan:
Gods influenced
daily life. Most
infamous was sun
god. Needed to
give blood to
prevent accidents.
Gave more blood
on special
occasions. Slaves
used as sacrifice
and give their
hearts to gods.
Mayan
Based on agriculture.
No money, instead,
traded. Traded cacao,
seeds, salt, and gold.
Aztec:
Achievements
Had to do research
myself
Key people
Had to do
research myself
Summary
These were one of the early
civilizations. Some of the things
that the Mayas had an impact
on today’s society is the
ancient things they created.
Like the Mayan Calendar and
that affected how people
believe on what would happen.
In those times they didn’t have
money so they used a different
kind. They use clothes and
food supplies for money.
priests.
-Farmers and Slaves:
Most citizens were
farmers. Lived in mud
and stick houses. Paid
rough taxes. Prime
contestant for
sacrifices
Maya
-Higher class: priests
(led and helped in
religious ceremonies.
Used math and
astrology). Merchants
(directed trade and
supplies between
cities). Warriors (wore
elaborate clothing to
battle)
-Lower class: farmers
(served in army and
gave crops to
government. Worked
on temples and
construction projects)
-Leader: lead religious
ceremonies, military,
and wore fancy clothes
from gold. Considered
a god.
Inca
-Higher: run empire.
Owned servants. Had
no taxes. Higher class
women had duties on
other women.
Believed in
underworld and
godly place.
Everyone had
animal companion.
Kings had jaguars.
Inca:
Never forces
conquered people
to worship their
religion. Have
ceremonies for sun
god. Try to tie the
sun down to keep
it from
disappearing in
winter. Kings
related to sun god,
so they can’t die.
Based on agriculture
and trade. Used all
land available. Used
Chi Nampa farming
system. No money.
Traded cacao beans
(most important
item), cotton, clothing
items (from feather,
and jaguar skins),
jewelry and rubber.
-Lower: no slaves. Most
were farmers and
artisans. In army, paid
taxes, wore plains
clothes, self-educated.
China in
the Middle
Ages
Ages was very civilized
and well put together.
They worshipped many
great different religions.
Medieval
Japan
Had to do research
myself
Fall of
Rome
Had to do research
myself
Shinto and
Buddhism.
Buddhism believed
in after life. Most
temples built by
priests. World’s
largest Buddha
statue located in
Todaiji temple.
Teaches peace,
self-control, and
lead a better life
by meditating. Had
Pure land
Buddhism
(believed in Amida,
Buddha of love
and mercy)
Polytheistic, much
like Greeks. Greeks
highly influenced
Romans, even
though enemies.
Believed that
Greek and Roman
god and goddesses
were the same.
Had to do research
myself
-Women were taught
to write in Japanese
-science, art, and
literature
Had to do
research myself
During the time of
Medieval Japan some of
the types of government
were based on who was
in the top. The people
that were at the top were
shoguns and emperors.
One of the main religions
was Buddhism. Some of
the money they had was
clothing and weapons.
They would have a tax on
the purchase they would
obtain.
Had to do research
myself
Military, aqueducts
(took water to crops
and bathhouses, roads
(allowed people and
carts to get to places),
the dome (used on
churches, theaters,
and coliseums),
arching bridges,
-Diocletian: Roman
emperor who
divided Roman
Empire into eastern
and western halves.
-Constantine:
Roman emperor
who was first to
become a Christian.
The Romans were known
for the building and how
their religion was. Like
when you go to a
coliseum and see
warriors go against lions
and other creatures. The
Roman were polytheistic
Different names
and harsher
personalities.
bathhouses, theaters,
and cities.
System of morals
called 12 tablets
(engraved in 12 plates
of bronze)
Ghana/Ma
li
Had to do research
myself
Islams and
Christianity.
Ghanaian had
freedom to choose
religion. Empire
ended up splitting
into two (Islam vs.
Non-Islam).
Religion in Mali
was Islam. Spread
of Islam blended
with traditional
and local practices
(mixing phase).
Mansa Musa
preached Islam
Had to do research
myself
Ghana:
-People came from
different places.
Rulers decided to
force taxes on new
people coming.
Traders had taxes on
goods they carried
goods they took with
them when they left.
-powerful army
helped conquer many
neighbors (centers of
trade). Made kings
richer. Advanced
trade
Moved capital from
Rome to
Constantinople and
removed bans on
Christianity.
-Clovis: King of the
Franks. Christian
leader who was one
of the most
powerful rulers of
Germanic
barbarians.
-Attila: Leader of
the Huns. Led
invasions of
Constantinople,
Greece, Gaul, and
northern Italy.
Greatly feared by
Romans.
-Augustus: first
emperor of Rome
-Almoravids: a
group that attacked
Ghana in 1060s.
attacked to make
leaders convert to
Islam
-Tunka Manin:
helped Empire of
Ghana reach its
peak. King of
empire. Had great
court system.
Kingdom was visited
by Muslim writers.
-Sundiata Keita:
founder of Empire
that means they believed
on many gods. The
reason why they fall is
because their
government wasn’t good
and it made then collapse
.The main religion was
Christianity. In those times
they had the right to choose
their religion like the Bill of
rights. The reason why they are
getting better is because they
went to conquer other cities
near them and that made the
get stronger and richer. They
also believed in gods. Since
they were close to Islam some
of their achievements and
believe.
faith on journey to
and from Mecca.
Rise of
Islam
Had to do research
myself
Had to do
research myself
Mali:
Sundiata had new
farmlands cleared for
beans, onions, rice,
and other crops, and
cotton (new crop).
Used cotton to make
clothing. Sold cotton
to other people.
One of fastest growing
religions in the world.
Monotheistic religion
that developed in
Middle East in 7th
century. Like a church
school. Founded by
Prophet Muhammad.
Means “surrender”
and “submission”.
Two divisions (Sunni
and Shi’a). Had five
pillars (guidelines)
-Medicine; one of the
best to heal wounded
people
-Scholars: Islamic
schools were one of
best for their religion.
-Paper mail: used mail
route around whole
city (sometimes took a
whole day)
-Art: very detailed and
abraded by old and
young citizens
-Literature:
information that they
HAD to teach for days
of Mali. Hero of
Mandinka people of
West Africa
-Mansa Musa: tenth
Mansa. Means
“King of Kings” or
“Emperor” from
Mailan Empire. Mali
reached height of
wealth, power and
fame in 1300s
-Maghan (Son of
Mansa Musa): took
over throne after
dad died. Weak
leader who ended
up causing trouble
for Mal.
Muhammad:
Prophet who spread
word of god and
helped turns Mecca
Islamic.
-Fatimah:
Muhammad’s
daughter. Married
his cousin Ali. Sons
began Fatimid
Dynasty. Ali was
origin of split
between Sunni and
Shia.
-Abu Bakr: Islamic
leader after
Muhammad’s
death. First caliph
(highest position in
Islam). Made Arabia
One of the main things that
Islam had is medicine. The
medicine they crate was so
good that it healed people very
rapidly. The Islam’s learned
most of their religion by going
to school.
Medieval
Europe
Had to do research
myself
Had to do
research myself
Had to do research
myself
-Justinian’s code: code
that helped all the
laws by refreshing old
ones and adding new
ones.
-agricultural
advancement: had
many tools. (i.e. horse
drawn plow)
-guilds: protected
people from
misfortune.
-Buildings: cathedrals,
castles, RomanesqueMedieval-Gothic
architecture.
Extremely hard to
and unified Muslim
state.
-Mehmed II:
military leader of
Ottomans. Used
cannons to capture
Constantinople.
Turned Hagia
Sophia (church) into
a mosque.
Akbar: emperor of
Mughals (Turkish
Muslims from Cen.
Asia). Began
tolerant religion
policy. Got rid of
taxes on other
religions. Invited
Hinduism to
empire. Helped
unify empire.
-Marco Polo:
merchant traveler.
Traveled to Central
Asia and China.
Wrote about things
to show Europeans
about Central Asia
and China. Man of
discovery.
-William Tell: folk
hero (popular in
books)
-Thomas Becket:
Archbishop of
Canterbury.
Believed in “rights
and privileges of
I did this one for my
project.
build (advanced)
-trade: advanced.
Spices, silk, soaps,
rugs and other stuff.
Renaissanc
e
-King: governed his
entire kingdom. Tried
to get as much land
and money for
kingdom.
-Royal Advisors:
advised king, and got
lots of money for
helping king
-Land Owners: owned a
lot of land
-Merchants: sold
products and worked
mainly for money.
Most were rich
-Farmers: made and
grew everyone’s food
Most people were
Catholic. Led up to
modern
Christian/Catholic
religion. Inspired
most of man’s
greatest
achievements.
Rulers learned to tax
people. Relied on
trade. Rivers affected
trade. Used rivers to
send goods back and
forth. Danube, Rhone,
and Rhine rivers
became great trade
routes. Family
fortunes were made
in Florence in banking
and industry.
-Mona Lisa: famous
painting by Leonardo
da Vinci
-Sistine Chapel:
famous chapel
designed by
Michelangelo
-Theatrical plays: like
“Romeo and Juliet”
and “Macbeth”
-Medicine: first
woman’s body was
dissected. Learned
more about female
body.
-Morgante: famous
poem by Luigi Pulci.
Church”. Stood up
for what he
believed in (and
was murdered)
-Jack Cade: leader
of Jack Cade
Rebellion. Wasn’t
happy about King
Henry VI’s weak
rule. Kicked out
king. Captured
London.
-Dante Alighieri:
Italian poet of
Divine Comedy.
“the greatest
literary work
composed in the
Italian language and
masterpiece of
literature”
-Leonardo Da Vinci:
famous
artist/inventor.
Created Mona Lisa
and Last Supper.
Created helicopter,
submarine,
conveyor belt, and
glider.
-Michelangelo
Buonarotti: famous
painter. Painted
ceiling of Sistine
Chapel. Sculpted
Statue of David and
Sculpture of Pieta.
-William
.During the renaissance they
had one of the best people
there like Leonardo Da Vinci.
Leonardo was one of the most
famous artists in the whole
entire world before he died
painting a painting and dieing
from a heart attack from too
much excitement that his heart
couldn’t stay calm. Leonardo’s
creations are “The Mona Lisa”
she is a lady that has a smile
and nobody knows why
Leonardo gave her a smile.
The main religion was Catholic
and Christian . They would tax
the people on the things they
buy.
-Peasants: largest
group (most of
population)
Reformati
on
Had to do research
myself
People started to
switch from
Catholicism to
Protestantism.
Focused on
reading bible. Held
sermons on
Sundays. Declared
by Henry VIII.
Queen Mary
brought back
Roman Catholicism
and became the
State’s official
religion.
Had to do research
myself
Was an epic poem.
Shakespeare: from
England. Wrote
Macbeth, Romeo
and Juliet, and A
Mid Summers
Night.
-Johann Gutenberg:
invented printing
press.
-Baldassare
Castiglione:
Renaissance writer.
Wrote : The Book of
Courtier” (about
ideal man and
woman)
-Selling of
Righteousness:
method:
-Martin Luther:
changed way people
thought. Convinced
people that paying
their way to heaven
were wrong.
-Lutheran Church:
Martin Luther
founded it.
-people realized that
to get to heaven, they
had to be more
faithful and live better
lifestyles.
Had to do
research myself
During this time the
people were switching
religions. In this period
the people would follow
their religion more
deeply and care about it
more and try to
encourage their believes
Scientific
Revolution
Newton believed
everyone followed
same laws (everyone
was equal). Scientists
believed they could
improve society and
change government.
People discovered laws
governed nature, and
can govern humans,
too.
Revolution
challenged power
of Church.
Religion,
superstition, and
fear were replaced
by reason and
knowledge. Many
new ideas
contradicted
precious ideas by
church.
Traded between
Europe, Africa, and
Americas. Europe to
Africa- cotton,
weapons, liquor.
Africa to Americasslaves. Americas to
Europe- cotton,
tobacco, sugar, and
molasses.
Coins had fixed value
for first time.
Encouraged
international trade
and banking. Jointstock owners made $
by selling stocks.
-Idea that Earth was
not the center of
universe (by
Copernicus)
-Scientific Method:
step by step
procedures to
perform experiments
-Discovery of North
America (by
Columbus)
-Telescope: allowed
Galileo to make
discoveries in space
-Barometer: measured
air pressure
-Nicolas Copernicus:
first to propose that
Earth was not
center of universe.
-Johannes Kepler:
founder of celestial
mechanics and first
to explain planetary
motion.
-Galileo Gelilei:
invented the
telescope.
Disproved that
Earth was center of
universe
-Rene Descartes:
first to describe
world in terms of
matter and motion
-Isaac Newton:
proposed universal
gravitation and laws
of motion.
During this time period
there are so many things
being created since the
technology has been
created so people can
use more technology to
make things that are
really
good
Age of
Exploratio
n
Had to do research
myself
Had to do
research myself
Had to do research
myself
Had to do research
myself
Had to do
research myself
During this time
Everyone is trying to
make things better than
the other person is like a
never end of ideas.
However this could make
it so there would be
some conflict since
people are trying to of
smart the other person.
Enlighten
ment
Enlightenment was
important time that you
needed to learn about.
There so many
achievements that were
used by todays life that
made this world be
better.