Chapter 3: From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers
3.2 : From Hunters and Gathers to Farmers
Main Ideas:
Details:
1) Paleolithic Age= Old Stone Age
2) Neolithic Age= New Stone Age
3) Farming changed human life
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People roamed
Hunted food
Collected plants, nuts, berries, seeds
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Raised crops and animals for food
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Happened in about 8,000BCE
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People lived in one spot
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Shift from food collectors to food
producers
Built permanent shelters
Settled in larger communities
Traded items
New skills/jobs developed
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3.2 From the Old Stone Age to the New
Main Idea:
Detail:
1) The Paleolithic Age
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Began about 2million yrs ago
Ended 8,000BCE
Early humans developed
Hunted, gathered
Sheltered in caves sometimes
Left cave art
People wandered about
2) Neolithic Age
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Farmed (produced food/crops)
Started around 8,000BCE
Ended 3,000BCE when metal is produced
Raised animals for food
Gradual change
People settled down
Farming took place in Europe, the
Americas, Africa, and Asia
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3) Neolithic Settlements Arise
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Located in the Fertile Crescent (see map)
Towns= Catal Hoyuk, Jericho, Jarmo
Larger communities
Better clothes, tools,
Life is more comfortable, and safer
They trade
3.3 Creating a Stable Food Supply
Main Ideas:
Details:
1) Paleolithic Food
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Hunting&gathering
Food supply not stable or dependable
Plants sometimes grew scarce
Hunting was dangerous
2) Neolithic Agriculture Developed
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Domesticated Animals (meat)(milk)
Goats, sheep(wool), cows
Mules did work
People controlled their food supply
Grow and harvest crops.
3.4: Making Permanent Shelters
Main Idea:
Details:
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People lived in caves, tent-like shelters
Temporary shelters
People were nomads and moved to find
food
2) Neolithic Houses (outside)
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3) Neolithic Houses (inside)
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Houses were rectangular or round
Made of mud bricks (also wood and
stones)
Entrances were high up on walls
Several rooms
Food storage and cooking pits (lined with
clay) in the floors
1) Paleolithic Shelters
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4) Permanent shelters were an Important
development
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Protection from harsh weather
Protection from wild animals
New cooking methods
Longer lasting so communities grew
Life grew more comfortable
3.5: Establishing Permanent Settlements
Main Ideas:
Details:
1) Towns and Villages Grow
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Farming allowed this growth
Permanent shelters made
Two examples are Catal Hoyuk and Jericho
2) Lives become more efficient and
cooperative
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Work was divided up
Some people farmed, and some built
homes, some made tools
Tasks got done more quickly with
cooperation
Lives grew more comfortable
Changes lead to increased cooperation
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3.6: Developing New Jobs
Main Ideas:
Details:
1) Specialized skills developed
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Food supply is steady
In Catal Hoyuk in 6,000BCE people are
weavers, basket makers, tool makers and
traders
2) Skills improve
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In Catal Hoyuk farmers had 14 kinds of
plants they grew
The skills of weaving, spinning brought
better clothes of wool and linen
Sharp flint tools are produced
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3) A sense of comfort and beauty increases
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People decorated pottery w/shapes
Polished stones for jewelry
Extra rooms built on homes to honor the
gods
Community life gained variety
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3.7: Beginning to Trade
Main Idea:
1) Trade grew more common in Neolithic
times
2) Resources (stuff) that was traded
3) Trade brought contact with other cultures
Details:
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Trade was rare in Paleo-times
Resources gathered from afar
Traders traveled 100s of miles
Rode donkeys, crossed mts, crossed
deserts, sailed the Mediterranean
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Obsidian
Hematite
Shells
Flint (for arrowheads, cutting tools)
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Spreading of ideas and knowledge
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