Biology - Chapter 14 Vocabulary
Word
Section
Textbook Definition
Genome
14.1
Karyotype
14.1
Sex Chromosome
14.1
Entire set of genetic information
that an organism carries in its DNA
Micrograph of the complete diploid
set of chromosomes grouped
together in pairs, arranged in order
of decreasing size
One of two chromosomes that
determines an individual’s sex
Autosome
14.1
Chromosome that is not a sex
chromosome; also called autosomal
chromosome
Sex-linked Gene
14.1
Gene located on a sex chromosome
Pedigree
14.1
Nondisjunction
14.2
Restriction Enzyme
14.3
Gel Electrophoresis
14.3
Bioinformatics
14.3
Chart that shows the presence or
absence of a trait according to the
relationships within a family across
several generations
Error in meiosis in which the
homologous chromosomes fail to
separate properly
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a
sequence of nucleotides
Procedure used to separate and
analyze DNA fragments by placing
a mixture of DNA fragments at one
end of a porous gel and applying an
electrical voltage to the gel
Application of mathematics and
computer science to store, retrieve,
and analyze biological data
Genomics
14.3
Study of whole genomes, including
genes and their functions.
Definition in your own
words
A full set of
chromosomes
A picture of all the
chromosomes in a cell in
pairs, arranged by size
A chromosome that
determines the sex of a
living thing (humans
have one pair)
Chromosomes not
involved in determining
the sex of a living thing
(humans have 22 pairs)
Gene carried on a sex
chromosome
A family tree based on
genetics and traits
Chromosomes failing to
separate into daughter
cells during meiosis
Enzyme that cuts DNA in
specific places
Used to separate DNA
according to size in a gel
when current is passed
through it
Using math and
computers to store,
retrieve, and analyze
biological information
Studying all of the
chromosomes in DNA,
their genes, and what
they do.