Overview of calculation methods
YR
addition
Practical investigation.
More/and.
How many altogther?
subtraction
Practical counting.
Less.
Take away.
How many left?
8 sheep but 5 get lost. How many left?
4 and 3 more
6 sweets but 4 get eaten. How many left?
5 and 5
Y1
Counting on (more).
Use of + sign.
Using a numberline.
Counting back (less).
Use of – sign.
Using a numberline.
Y2
Partitioning method (not crossing the
tens boundary)
Subtraction using Base 10.
Partitioning method (incl crossing the
tens boundary)
Possibleintroduction to the expanded
column method for TU+TU
Jumping back on a numberline.
Jumps becoming more efficient.
Y3
Expanded column method.
Partitioned column subtraction method.
Introducing exchanging within partitioned column
subtraction.
Children recognise they cannot subtract 6
units from the 1 unit so need to exchange
one ten from the tens.
Intro to compact column addition (incl
carrying) with practical Base 10
apparatus to support visually.
Y4
Compact Column Addition.
Larger numbers & decimals introduced.
Partitioned column subtraction
Larger numbers.
Compact column subtraction.
Extension
(Y5)
Compact column addition.
Range of numbers and decimals.
Compact column subtraction.
Larger numbers.
YR
Y1
multiplication
Making equal groups practically.
2 groups of 3. How many altogether?
division
Grouping practically
12 stickers.How many groups of 3?
Making equal groups.
Repeated addition.
Counting in steps of 2, 5, 10.
Grouping and sharing practically.
Begin to use ÷ sign
6÷2=3
5, 10, 15
5 + 5 + 5 = 15
Y2
Y3
Multiplication as repeated addition.
Counting in steps of 2, 3, 5, 10.
Practical groups supporting jumping on a
numberline.
Use of the x sign.
10+10+10+10=40
10 repeated 4 times = 40
10 x 4 = 40
Arrays.
Recognising commutativity 5x3 = 3x5
Multiply 2 digits by a single digit.
Practical apparatus used to lead onto Grid
Arrays introduced.
Grouping practically supporting jumping on a
numberline.
Arrays.
Numberline method.
Remainders.
method.
Short division method without remainders.
Extension (Y5)
Y4
Grid method – expanded column method - short
multiplication method.
Short division involving carrying within the
calculation.
Larger numbers.
Expanded column method – short multiplication
method.
Larger numbers.
Short division involving carrying and remainders.