Supplementary materials for
Diversity of fungal endophytes from the medicinal plant Dendropanax arboreus in
a protected area of Mexico
Juan Ramos-Garza1, Aída V. Rodríguez-Tovar1, Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera2, Flor N.
Rivera-Orduña1, Maria Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta1, Alejandro Ponce-Mendoza3, En Tao
Wang1,*
1. Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, México D. F., C.P. 11340, México
2. Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, México D. F.,
C.P. 07360, México
3. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, CENID
COMEF. Av. Progreso No. 5, Barrio Sta. Catarina Del. Coyoacán C.P. 04010,
México D.F.
1
Supplementary Fig. S1. Species accumulation curve for fungal endophytes of D. arboreus based on 97 %
ITS sequence similarity. The low coverage value (76 %) suggests that more genotypes (species) await
recovery from this tree plant.
2
Supplementary Table S1. Description of morphology of 15 endophytic fungal isolates presenting spores in
microculture.
Colony morphology
Isolate
HEH9-0
Elevated
Olive green to dark green
Black
Plane
Olive green to dark green
Black
Orange
Alternaria
Plane
Slightly
elevated
Plane
Olive green to dark green
White with pink edges depending
on the maturity
White center with green and red
periphery
Creamy center, olive green
periphery
Black
Intensive yellow center
and unclear edge
Black
Orange
Buff
Alternaria
Paecilomyces
Yellow
Corynespora
Black
-
Stemphylium
Creamy
-
Colletrotrichum
-
Colletrotrichum
-
Fusarium
-
Fusarium
Reddish
Reddish
-
Fusarium
Fusarium
Fusarium
Fusarium
Fusarium
Surface
Obverse
Reverse
HEH6-I
HER3-5
Cottony or
woolly
Cottony or
woolly
Cottony
Cottony
HETI-3
Cottony
HER7-1
Woolly
HEH5-II
Powdery
Crater
center,
plane
periphery
Plane
HEH5-1
Cottony
Plane
White and black with orange
particles
Black with brown radical mycelium
HER6-1
Plane
White to creamy with aging
HER8-3
Cottony or
woolly
Cottony
White
HER2-1
HER6-2
HER9-4
HER3-1
HER2-2
Cottony
Cottony
Cottony
Cottony
Cottony
Slightly
elevated
Plane
Plane
Plane
Plane
Plane
Black, with brown and
orange mycelium
White with slight purple
zones
Golden with black zones
White
Purplish center, white periphery
White to slightly creamy with aging
White with reddish zones
White with reddish zones
White to slightly creamy
Reddish
Reddish
Reddish and creamy
Reddish and creamy
HEH6-1
Conidial
identification*
Diffusible
pigment
Orange
Texture
Alternaria
*. Identification based upon both the colony morphology and the conidia morphology based upon the
following references for the corresponding genus:
Lawrence PD, Gannibal PB, Dugan FM, Pryor BM (2014) Characterization of Alternaria isolates from the
infectoria species-group and a new taxón from Arrhenatherum, Pseudoalternaria arrhenatheria sp.
nov. Mycol Progress. 13:257-263
Dong Q, Wang H, Xing X, Ji S (2012) Identification and characterization of a specialñ species
of Paecilomyces. Ann Microbiol. 62:1587-1592
Rojas EI, Rehner SA, Samuels GJ, Van Bael SA, Herre EA, Cannon P, Sha TT (2010) Colletotrichum
gloesporioides s.1. associated with Theobroma cacao and other plants in Panama: multilocus
phylogenenies distinguish host-associated pathogens from asymptomatic endophytes. Mycologia
102:1318-1338
Leslie J, Summerell B (2006) The Fusarium Laboratory Manual; Blackwell Publishing Professional: Ames,
IA, USA
Mmbaga MT, Kim MS, mackasmiel NB, Klopfenestein (2015) Differentiation of Corynespora cassciola and
Cercospora sp. in leaf-spot diseases of Hydrangea macrophylla using PCR-mediated method. Can J
Plant Sci 95:711-717
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Supplementary Table S2. Eigen values of correspondence analysis
Eigen
Vector
1
Eigen
value*
1
Proportion of
variance (%)
34.2
Accumulate
variance (%)
2
0.7
24
58.5
3
0.7
24
82.2
4
0.52
17.8
100
Total
2.92
100
Eigen values where calculated from correspondence analysis.
Supplementary Table S3. Manova analysis results for the effects of plant tissues and altitude on distribution
of endophytic fungi associated with Dendropanax arboreus
DF
Sums of squares
Means of squares
F
R2
p-value*
Tissue Origin
2
30.7
15.3
1.8
0.54
0.001
Residuals
3
25.5
8.5
Total
5
56.16
Altitude
1
8.8
8.8
Residuals
4
47.3
11.8
0.45
1
0.74
0.16
0.6
0.84
5
56.1
1
Total
Analysis of variances was performed with ‘adonis’ function in package vegan (Oksanen et al. 2015), with
euclidean distance.
* p-value was calculated with 999 permutations
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