Chapter 5 “The Young Republic”
1787- Northwest Ordinance enacted
-establishes governments in the NW Territory (present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Michigan)
-5,000 people = assembly (legislature)
-60,000 people= you can become a state in the Union, your state will be equal to original
states
- PLAN for how U.S. will grow, expand, etc.
- SLAVERY IS FORBIDDEN IN THE NW TERRITORY!!!!!
Themes of 1790s
-Establishment of a new government
-executive departments (Cabinet)
-Judiciary Act (establishes lower court system)
- Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments of the Constitution, 1791)
-establishing precedent
-Asserting National Powers (Federalism)
-Development of Political Parties
- 1st American Party System
Federalists
“Hamilitonians” – Alexander Hamilton,
John Adams
Want a strong national government
Democratic Republicans
“Jeffersonians”- Thomas Jefferson
Want a weaker national government
(more states’ rights)
Foreign policy doesn’t favor British
By the 1830’s-
Federalists become  Whigs
Republicans become  Democrats
By the 1850’s-
Whigs become  Republicans (GOP)- don’t want slavery in new territories
1799- George Washington dies of strep throat
1800- John Adams is defeated; Thomas Jefferson becomes 3rd President.
1803- Louisiana Purchase
- purchased from France
- basically the inner 1/3 of US
-$15 million
- almost guarantees “continental nation”
- removes France from continent
1803- Marbury v. Madison (judicial review- John Marshall)
Thomas Jefferson as a President
- 1st term more successful than 2nd
-Sec. of State is James Madison
- judiciary act (circuit courts)
-impeachment of Supreme Court Justices
- small army, small navy (will be a problem later…)
-Louisiana Purchase
- sends Meriwether Lewis and George Clark (1804- leave from St. Louis)
-Jefferson opposes Aaron Burr, who happens to be tried for treason- Vice Presidentgrandson of John Edwards… Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in a DUEL in 1804!
Europe (Jefferson- foreign policy)
1803- British and French are fighting again; U.S. is neutral and trading with both countries.
1807- “Chesapeake Incident”- American ship is boarded by the British (within view of the
American coast)
1807- Response to CI- Embargo (no trade with Europe)- American trading vessels cannot got to
foreign ports (downside- American produce can’t be traded… American farmers are hurt)
1808- Madison is elected President
1809- Embargo repealed; “Non-Intercourse Act” (Americans can trade with everyone except
France and Britain)
1811- Battle of Tippecanoe (near Lafayette, IN)
- William Henry Harrison
- War Hawks (Congressmen- KY- Henry Clay, SC- John Calhoun)
-American settlers are being attacked by Indians (Native Americans) at the urging of the
British(who are still in Canada)
Madison is a weak leader, pressured into war by Clay, Calhoun, and others.
War of 1812
- versus British (aka War w/ Britain, Mr. Madison’s War, the 2nd War of Independence)
- British attack Washington, DC (Madison flees, buildings burned- including White House),
Baltimore, Ft. McHenry (inspired The Star Spangled Banner)
-December, 1814- Treaty of Peace, Treaty of Ghent
- negotiated by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams
-no real resolution about trading rights
-“Status Quo Antebellum” – the way things were before the war
-United States didn’t really know the war was over.
- January 1815- General Andrew Jackson
- Battle at New Orleans (Jackson Square)
1815 - Peace is restored in Europe, Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
-Americans reopen foreign trade
-American focus changes to Westward Expansion
1815-1824 THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
-James Monroe (Madison’s Sec. of State, President after Madison)
-John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s Sec. of State)- very well educated, experienced
-John Marshall (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court)
- other new leaders: Henry Clay (KY), John C. Calhoun (SC), Gen. Andrew Jackson (TN),
Daniel Webster (Mass.)
- New issues: problems with westward expansion, renewal of the Bank, tariff (fee or tax on
imported), internal improvements (roads, harbors, canals, ports)
- growing nationalism, sectionalism (specifically North v. South- 1830s)
- generation of politicians… BORN in the USA! “Founding Fathers” dying off…
-increased controversy about slavery
-Women’s Rights become an issue
-Abolitionism
“Land Resolutions”
- Convention of 1818
-John Quincy Adams is Sec. of State
- North border of LA Purchase is set at 49th parallel
- Joint occupation of the Oregon Country- 42 degrees- 54 degrees, 40 seconds (w/
Britain), both Americans and British can settle (1818-1846)
-Florida becomes part of the US.
- US boundary all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
The Monroe Doctrine
- says the Americas (North America, Central America) are no longer open to new
colonization by Europe.
- largely written by John Q. Adams
The Missouri Compromise
-1819
- James Tallmadge, Jr. (NY)
-proposes that no slaves are allowed in Missouri
-Missouri is admitted to the Union as a slave state.
- Maine is admitted as a free state… Balance of slave and free states is maintained in the
Senate.
-What about the LA Purchase?
- 36 degrees, 30 seconds
- to the North is free, to the South is slaves
-South is ok with this because they didn’t think anyone would settle in the LA Purchase
area- the “Great American Desert”
Election of 1824
- John Quincy Adams
- Andrew Jackson
- William Crawford
* no candidate wins the majority…
- Election goes to the House of Representatives.
- Henry Clay
- “Corrupt Bargain”
- John Quincy Adams becomes President, JQC makes Henry Clay his Sec. of State
Andrew Jackson- 7th President of the United States
- 1828 elected, 1829-1837 (presidency)
-“the common man,” from Tennessee, first President from “The West”
-attorney, owns plantation (The Hermitage, in Nashville) and slaves
- 3 main issues:
1. Nullification- right claimed by state to declare a federal law void
2. Indian Removal- moved Native Americans west
3. U.S. Bank (federal bank)- Jackson wants to destroy it
- member of modern day Democratic party