Biotechnology
Any process that uses our understanding of __________ ___________ to create a product
Genetic Engineering
The process of making changes in the ______________ code of living organisms
Genetic engineering can be accomplished through __________________________.
Transformation is when a cell takes in DNA from _______________ the cell. This DNA
becomes part of the cell’s ________________.
This can be accomplished with the help of ________________________.
Bacterial Transformation
The________________________ of one strain of bacteria into another strain
Plasmid: a ______________ piece of DNA found in bacteria
F+ bacterium contains a plasmid
F- bacterium does not contain a plasmid
Steps of Bacterial Transformation
1-____________________the plasmid from the bacterium.
2-___________________ the gene of interest.
A gene of interest is a piece of DNA that codes for a _____________ we want more of
3-Open the plasmid by cutting it with a restriction enzyme
This leaves “___________________ ______________”
Which need to be the _________________ of the sticky ends left on the DNA fragment you
want to insert.
The __________________ ________________ EcoR1 cuts the DNA at the sequence GAATTC,
between the G and the A
4-Insert the ____________ of interest
5-Insert the plasmid with ___________________ DNA into a new bacterium.
Recombinant DNA: DNA produced by combining DNA from ___________ _________________
6-The bacteria ______________ itself and the _________________.
All descendants express the inserted ________________
Bacterial Transformation
Other Types of Transformation
Plants:
-Use bacteria that insert their ___________________ into plant cells
-removing _____________ _____________ sometimes allows plant cells to take up
foreign DNA on their own
Other Types of Transformation
Animals:
-Many _________ _____________ are large enough that DNA can be directly injected
Genetically Engineered Products
Production of Human ___________________
Insulin regulates the blood ___________________ ___________________.
The gene for human insulin is inserted into ______________ or _________________, from
which large quantities of the human insulin are ________________________
Golden Rice
Undernourished people in poorer countries may have _____________ caused by a lack of
vitamin _____
Contains beta-carotene, which forms Vitamin A
__________ for making beta-carotene are taken from _________________ and inserted into
the genome of rice
Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone
rBGH is a genetically engineered version of a hormone, which is found in the pituitary gland of
cows and controls ______________ __________________________
rBGH can increase cows’ milk production by as much as _______________%
Spider Silk
Elastic, light weight fiber _____ times stronger than ______________
One method involves inserting the gene from a weaving spider into a fertilized ______ egg.
The resultant “spider-goat” produces milk that can be manufactured into ________________.
To make _______ jackets, rope, textiles, sutures, ______________ ______________, and
bandages for burn victims
Glowing Organisms
Genes that make jellyfish glow are inserted into other organisms
The organism glows under UV light
Bt Crops
Bt is a bacterium that is ____________to some insects.
In the lab, the gene that produces the toxic effect is inserted into the DNA of ______________
Bt crops produce an _____________ protein ______________ of times more powerful than
the chemical spray insecticides
Transgenic Organisms :
Any organism whose genome _________________ and _______________ genes from the
same or a different species
Genetically modified products:
Altering the _____________ of an organism to get it to express different _________________.