Running head: CAUSAL CONNECTIONS ON DIAGNOSIS ON-LINE & OFF-LINE MEASURE
Supplementary Material
Results Including the Type of Disorder factor
Sample of Psychology students
Reading times. A repeated measures ANOVA 2 (Degree of Consistency:
consistent causal vs. inconsistent non-causal) x 3 [Causal Status: S1 (high), S2
(medium), S3 (low)] x 6 (Type of Disorder: anorexia nervosa, major depression,
generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress
disorder and specific phobia) was performed on the normalized RTs, yielding a
significant effect of Causal Status, F (2, 140) = 10.73, MSE = 388.99; p < .001; ŋ2=.13,
a significant effect of Type of Disorder, F (3.88, 271.63) = 2.72, MSE = 708.62; p =
.031; ŋ2=.04, a significant interaction Degree of Consistency x Causal Status, F (2, 140)
= 5.13, MSE= 332.15; p = .007; ŋ2= .07, and a significant interaction Causal Status x
Type of Disorder, F (7.26, 508.20) = 9.19, MSE= 400.79; p < .001; ŋ2= .12.
Nevertheless, the main effect of Degree of Consistency was only marginally significant
[F (1, 70) = 3.43, MSE = 548.49; p = .068; ŋ2= .05], and also the interaction Degree of
Consistency x Causal Status x Type of Disorder [F (7.30, 510.95) = 1.93; p = .060; ŋ2=
.03]. The interaction Degree Consistency x Type of Disorder was not significant (F =
1.25; p = .288; see Table 1 for mean values and standard deviations).
Diagnostic judgments. A repeated measures ANOVA 2 (Degree of
Consistency: consistent causal vs. inconsistent non-causal) x 6 (Type of Disorder:
anorexia nervosa, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and specific phobia) was
performed on the diagnostic judgments, yielding a significant effect of Degree of
Consistency, F (1, 70) = 80.28, MSE = 682.05; p < .001; ŋ2=.53, a significant
effect of Type of Disorder, F (4.27, 298.68) = 10.32, MSE = 353.59; p < .001;
ŋ2=.13, and a significant interaction Degree of Consistency x Type of Disorder, F
(5, 350) = 3.05, MSE= 200.62; p = .010; ŋ2= .05. Despite this significant
interaction, the results revealed that students’ ratings in the consistent causal
condition were higher than in the inconsistent non-causal condition across all
different disorders (see Table 1). These impressions were confirmed using paired
t-tests: anorexia [t (70) = 6.51, p < .001, ŋ2= .38], major depression [t (70) = 4.72,
Running head: CAUSAL CONNECTIONS ON DIAGNOSIS ON-LINE & OFF-LINE MEASURE
p < .001, ŋ2= .24], generalized anxiety disorder [t (70) = 6.91, p < .001, ŋ2= .41],
obsessive-compulsive disorder [t (70) = 5.83, p < .001, ŋ2= .33], posttraumatic
stress disorder [t (70) = 3.55, p = .001, ŋ2= .15], and specific phobia [t (70) = 6.55,
p < .001, ŋ2= .38].
Sample of clinicians
Reading times. A repeated measures ANOVA 2 (Degree of Consistency:
consistent causal vs. inconsistent non-causal) x 3 [Causal Status: S1 (high), S2
(medium), S3 (low)] x 6 (Type of Disorder: anorexia nervosa, major depression,
generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress
disorder and specific phobia) was performed on the normalized RTs, yielding a
significant effect of Degree of Consistency, F (1, 29) = 5.41, MSE = 1499.07; p = .027;
ŋ2= .16 and a significant effect of Type of Disorder, F (3.09, 89.52) = 3.42, MSE =
2190.54; p = .020; ŋ2=.11. The interaction Causal Status x Type of Disorder was only
marginally significant [F (4.87, 141.30) = 2.07, MSE= 1873.58; p = .075; ŋ2= .07], and
also the interaction Degree of Consistency x Causal Status x Type of Disorder [F (4.75,
187.52) = 2.11; p = .071; ŋ2= .07]. The main effect of Causal Status (F = .768; p =
.469), the interaction Degree of Consistency x Causal Status (F = .646; p = .528) and
the interaction Degree of Consistency x Disorder (F = .735; p = .598) were not
significant (see Table 1).
Diagnostic judgments. A repeated measures ANOVA 2 (Degree of
Consistency: consistent causal vs. inconsistent non-causal) x 6 (Type of Disorder:
anorexia nervosa, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and specific phobia) was
performed on the diagnostic judgments, yielding a significant effect of Degree of
Consistency, F (1, 29) = 18.24, MSE = 507.34; p < .001; ŋ2=.39 and a significant
effect of Type of Disorder, F (5, 145) = 7.05, MSE = 380.72; p < .001; ŋ2=.20. The
interaction Degree of Consistency x Type of Disorder was only marginally
significant [F (3.25, 94.14) = 2.22, MSE = 482.17; p = .086; ŋ2=.07; see Table 1].
Running head: CAUSAL CONNECTIONS ON DIAGNOSIS ON-LINE & OFF-LINE MEASURE
Table 1.
Means and standard deviations of RTs for the target sentences (in milliseconds,
normalized per letter) across the different Causal Status conditions across disorders; and
means and standard deviations of the diagnostic judgments (in a 0 to 100 rating scale)
across disorders, in the sample of students and in the sample of clinicians.
Students
Consistent causal condition
S1 (High)
S2 (Medium)
Inconsistent non-causal condition
S3 (Low)
S1 (High)
S2 (Medium)
S3 (Low)
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
Anorexia
38.94
22.11
46.78
25.32
43.36
23.20
47.45
35.33
55.29
28.19
47.70
18.62
Depression
44.64
24.52
52.62
29.54
40.83
21.16
39.50
20.08
52.06
42.26
38.23
17.71
Reading
Anxiety
46.56
25.44
40.05
19.26
40.53
23.86
43.95
20.17
42.89
19.32
50.00
30.78
Times
Obss-Comp
43.37
20.14
43.00
23.69
50.24
25.35
36.51
19.61
44.87
24.76
55.49
42.85
Stress-Post
40.61
18.64
45.12
25.21
38.42
20.19
39.47
15.91
48.61
27.24
49.32
25.00
Phobia
41.10
17.53
40.71
16.36
44.30
31.00
39.44
23.47
41.01
20.35
40.26
20.57
M
SD
M
SD
Anorexia
81.13
15.57
61.55
24.18
Depression
69.08
19.00
56.97
18.18
Diagnostic Anxiety
76.90
15.29
58.03
20.20
Judgments Obss-Comp
73.80
17.96
57.54
21.25
Stress Post
78.17
13.45
68.31
24.08
Phobia
70.92
20.34
51.41
23.39
Clinicians
Consistent causal condition
S1 (High)
S2 (Medium)
Inconsistent non-causal condition
S3 (Low)
S1 (High)
S2 (Medium)
S3 (Low)
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
Anorexia
53.69
33.70
66.48
36.62
66.86
32.17
83.02
88.64
85.76
85.73
60.35
26.43
Depression
53.28
24.04
61.33
26.59
47.56
21.09
55.67
24.13
59.39
25.02
53.20
28.06
Reading
Anxiety
58.60
21.01
53.60
26.57
52.81
26.45
63.20
73.54
50.02
23.17
59.51
27.76
Times
Obss-Comp
59.98
28.47
58.19
32.39
54.92
26.75
51.73
24.40
62.41
25.90
65.71
30.37
Stress Post
47.00
20.30
67.64
49.75
60.60
38.32
54.24
28.89
56.83
20.67
71.78
34.18
Phobia
55.58
26.88
51.39
25.36
54.46
32.84
69.51
52.71
63.14
39.90
57.11
25.63
M
SD
M
SD
Anorexia
76.50
17.96
63.33
25.37
Depression
55.33
23.30
53.67
20.68
Diagnostic Anxiety
69.33
18.83
63.00
20.66
Judgments Obss-Comp
78.17
15.56
66.33
18.29
Stress Post
72.83
26.61
66.17
20.07
Phobia
71.50
20.14
50.33
24.91