Topics 6 & 7
The Cell Theory &
Cell Structure & Function
Learning Targets
I will be able to:
 Describe the Cell Theory
 Differentiate the function of various types
of microscopes
 Explain how continuous investigations and
new scientific information has influenced
the cell theory over time
 Differentiate the general structures and
their function found within a Prokaryotic
cell and a Eukaryotic cell
 Differentiate the general structures of a
plant cell and an animal cell.
 Explain how the structure of an organelle is
directly related to its function in the cell,
i.e. surface area
Textbook
Chapter 3, Cell Structure &
Function
Biology
New Smyrna Beach High School
Key Terms
Theory
Law
Cell Theory
Compound Light
Microscope
SEM
TEM
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Organelle
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope/membrane
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoplasm
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Flagella
2014-15
The Cell Theory
…has three major principles:
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
The Cell Theory was based on the early work of several men including…
Robert Hooke
Zacharias Janssen
Who in the 1500’s, got credit for inventing a
very important tool used in biology… the
…who looked at slices of…
He saw what he called “a lot of
little rooms” that reminded him of
the room that monks lived in, so
be called them by the same
name…
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
…who developed an even better
microscope & ‘went to town’ looking at
living things. He discovered…
… and called them…
 As people continued to improve the microscope,
others started examining even more organisms;
Three men stand out as early contributors of what is
now called THE CELL THEORY
Matthias Schleiden
He proposed that cells
make up all…
Theodor Schwann
He concluded that cells
make up all…
2
Rudolph Virchow
He reported that
cells come from…
Comparing Microscopes
1. Compound Light Microscope: contains 2 or more lenses; Reference page R8
5.__________________
2.________________
6.__________________
3.________________
7. _____________________
4.________________
8._____________________
9.__________________
10. Dissecting (Stereo)
Microscope:
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
11. TEM
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
12. SEM
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
3
The
TWOTWO
TYPES
MAJOR
OF EUKARYOTIC
TYPES OF CELLS:
CELLS:
Prokaryotic
Cells
vs Eukaryotic
Animal Cells
vs Plant
Cells Cells
1._____________
_
2.______________
CELL A
CELL B
1.____________
(dots)
3.______________
2.______________
(jelly-like fluid)
3._____________
5._______________
Capsule
(outside
protective
cover)
(just inside cell wall)
4.______________
4.______________
(just inside capsule)
Bacteria Cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Questions to consider:
1. Which cell
(A or B) is a Prokaryotic cell?_____________________________________________________
Questions
to Consider:
2. What
is the ONLY
of this type of cell in the “whole wide world”?______________________
1.What
makes
theseexample
cells Eukaryotic?___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Is there a nucleus in Cell A?_______________ What is the Nucleoid region?______________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you notice about the vacuoles in the animal cell as compared to the one in
cell?_______________________________________________________________________
4. the
Theplant
flagellum
is a long hair-like structure used for locomotion. What might you infer about the
_____________________________________________________________________________________
absence of this structure in other types of bacteria cells?_____________________________________
How are
Cell A and
Cell the
B similar?___________________________________________________________
3.5. What
is different
about
outermost boundary in a plant cell as compared to an
___________________________________________________________________________________________
animal
cell?_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How
are types
Cell A of
and
Cellhave
B different?_________________________________________________________
4.6. Do
both
cells
mitochondria? ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Do both types of cells have chloroplasts? _____________________________________________
6. Compare the shape of the two cells: ________________________________________________
4
Cell Organelles
1. What are organelles?_____________________________________________________________
2. Once you read about the following organelles, place them in their proper category
of basic function: Cell Wall – Plasma (Cell) Membrane – Nucleus – Chloroplast –
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Vacuole – Golgi Apparatus (Body) – Ribosomes –
Mitochondria
CELL BOUNDARIES
DIRECTION & ASSEMBLY
ENERGY CONVERTERS
PACKAGING & TRANSPORT
5