Name:
Answer Key
Worksheet - The Layers
Date: __________ /Page#: ____
Mr. Jensen/Period: _____
Use the Reference sheet provided to answer the following questions.
1. What is the most abundant element in the troposphere?
2. What is the most abundant element in the hydrosphere?
3. What is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust by volume?
4. What is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust by mass?
5. What is the second most abundant element in the troposphere?
6. What is the second most abundant element in the hydrosphere?
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen
7. What is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust by volume?
Potassium
8. What is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust by mass?
Silicon
9. What is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust by volume?
Calcium
10. What is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust by mass?
Aluminum
11. What is the altitude of the top of the Troposphere? (The Tropopause)
~12
km
~7
mi
12. What is the altitude of the top of the Stratosphere? (The Stratopopause)
~50 km
~31
mi
13. What is the altitude of the top of the Mesoosphere? (The Mesopause)
~80 km
~50 mi
14. In which of the layers of the atmosphere does the temperature decrease as altitude
increases?
Troposphere
Mesosphere
15. In which of the layers of the atmosphere does the temperature increase as altitude
increases?
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
16. Which layer of the atmosphere has the highest atmospheric pressures?
Troposphere
17. Which layer of the atmosphere has the greatest amount of water vapor?
Troposphere
18. As the depth into the Earth's interior increases, the density of the Earth …
Increases
19. As the depth into the Earth's interior increases, the pressure in the Earth …
Increases
20. As the depth into the Earth's interior increases, the temperature in the Earth …
Increases
21. What is the average density of the Earth's continental crust? (Include units)
2.7 g/cm3
22. What is the average density of the Earth's oceanic crust? (Include units)
3.0 g/cm3
23. According to the information on the chart, what layer of the Earth is liquid?
Outer Core
24. According to the information on the chart, in what layer of the Earth is there partial
melting causing the layer to have properties of both a solid and a liquid?
Asthenosphere
25. What is the approximate depth of the center of the Earth?
~6,200 km
26. What is the approximate depth of the top of the inner core?
~5,100 km
27. What is the approximate depth of the top of the outer core?
~2,900 km
28. What is the approximate depth of the top of the stiffer mantle?
~600 km
29. What is the approximate depth of the top of the asthenosphere?
~100 km
30. What two layers of the Earth make up the lithosphere?
Crust and Rigid Mantle
31. In which layer of the Earth is there evidence of convective circulation?
Asthenosphere
32. What surface feature is formed where the plates of the lithosphere spread apart in
the Atlantic Ocean?
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
33. What two surface features are formed where the plates of the lithosphere come
together along the west coast of North America?
Cascades and Trench