Stability Basis In Kazakhstan Is Tolerance And Mutual Trust In International Relations
ABZHAPPAROVA B.ZH., DARKENOV K.G. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 136
(2014). 410-415.
Keywords: independent Kazakhstan, international relationships, demographic situation,
stability, inter trust, Kazakh language.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the national and interethnic attitudes and demographic
situation in modern Kazakhstan. Preservation of stability and of tolerance, the establishment of
national cultural center, and to give the free opportunity to freely to develop the culture,
language, traditions and mode of life of the nationalities living in Kazakhstan is the national
policy of the Kazakh state. The significances of this article in multiethnic society are freedom,
solidarity, stability and revival; and it is the main criterion, and priority. Currently, more than
130 nationalities are living in the sovereign territory of Kazakhstan. Some of them, in 30 - 40th
years of the last century were forcibly deported in Kazakhstan. Koreans, Karachay, Balkars,
Chechens, Poles and others related to these categories. Then indigenous Kazakhs helped save
their lives. In the years of repression in Kazakhstan there have been organized several camps for
repressed. Most of them are representatives of various nationalities and after the liberation they
remained in Kazakhstan. After the announcement of Kazakhstan’s sovereignty in 1991 there
have been given them the opportunity to develop their own language, culture and tradition.
Neighborliness and mutual nationality, respect each other is a guarantee for the development,
improvement and modernization of Kazakhstan.
© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility
of the Organizing Committee of LINELT 2013.
Keywords: independent Kazakhstan, international relationships, demographic situation,
stability, inter trust, Kazakh language.
Introduction
Today one of the major components on a way of politicaleconomical, social and cultural development of Kazakhstan is preservation in international
relations of the civil consent and stability in republic. According to population census of the
republic, spent to 1999, in KazakhstФan there are 130 representatives of the nation [1]. Even
last given censuses have shown that at present our country is multinational. Obviously that one
of the main tasks of Kazakhstan in polyethnic, that is in multinational and various religious
faiths, and in a multi-party condition is a preservation and development of international
friendship. This major problem always is in the first place in the Message of President of
Republic of Kazakhstan of N.A.Nazarbayev to the people. The president has told:
"Kazakhstan providing religious freedom, conducts the constant policy of the
interconfessional consent and religious equality "[2]. Certainly, it is very important to keep and
strengthen the democratic rights of Kazakhstan people, to provide their active participations in
all spheres of social life, not to limit, support their introduction into different political
communities. But one of the most important problems: the multi-party system shouldn't become
means break a set in a society, and also different religious faiths shouldn't cause harm to other
religions and their believers, and shouldn't conduct a policy of restriction of the rights. Different
ethnic communities in our country shouldn't create interethnic conflicts. Because for Kazakhstan
people the basic advantage in social sphere is preservation of international friendship,
strengthening of mutual understanding, trust, respect and the civil agreement in multinational
Kazakhstan. Yet the international friendship doesn't remain, the civil consent doesn't become
stronger it is impossible to lift economic development, political stability and well-being of the
people. It not a secret that we see these problems in the next republics and in such countries as
Iraq, Afghanistan, France and others where is available political and religious conflicts. The
political condition of Kyrgyzstan which has descended from an orbit of political stability, the
contradiction in Ukraine, explosions in Uzbekistan, the Chechen problem to Russia, action of
youth emigrants in France all it negatively influences on economic and social development.
International instability and conflicts don't give advantage to any representative of the nation.
Otherwise this delicate problem shouldn't become the policy tool. Paying attention to importance
"of maintenance the interconfessional agreement and not alienations on the basis of religion" of
the president [3], it is possible to tell that deep analyses of well-being of the people are carried
out.
Figures and the results Many states on the Earth have polyethnic character. On a planet
only 10 states have 90 % of inhabitants of one ethnos that is one nation. It is possible to conclude
that many countries in the world are multinational. And also from 1500 languages 22 75 % of
mankind, and 7 languages - 50 % of mankind belong [4]. Therefore the understanding and
possession of many languages is important requirement of globalization. Possession of many
languages of Kazakhs shows their communication skill in relations. And also, the president gives
special attention that in a political view the Kazakh language carries out function which pulls
together and unites all people of the country. In the message of 2005 the President of the country
has told:" One of the primary factors association of all Kazakhstan people - to use all our force
for the further development of a state language in our country" [5], thereby paying attention to
importance of the further development of the Kazakh language and its introduction in all sphere
of social life, and in last Message the President has shown concrete duties:" Our duty - by 2017
to lift possession of a state language among Kazakhstan people to 80 %. By 2020 this indicator
at least should show to 95 %. Now in next 10 years of 100 % of graduates of school will speak a
state language. For this purpose we do all. We will develop also Russian and other languages of
the Kazakhstan ethnics. We think that for Kazakhstan people the knowledge and possession of a
state language, expansion of its using sphere and respect of languages of other nations will
become norm of requirement. Kazakhstan is one of the polyethnic states in the world. According
to the population census, spent to 1999, in our country lives more than hundred ethnic
communities, Kazakhs of 53,4 %, Russian of 30,0 %, other representatives of the nation of 16,6
% [7]. Ethnic structure of inhabitants of Kazakhstan according to population census spent in
1999: [8] №
№
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ethnic structure
Kazakhs
Russian
Ukrainians
Uzbeks
Germans
Tatars
Uigurs
Byelorussians
Koreans
Azerbaijani
Pole
Dungan
Number
7 985 039
4 479 618 3
547 052
370 663 5
353 441 6
248 952 7
210 339 8
111 926 9
99 657 10
78 295 11
47 297
36 945 13
13
Kurds
32 764 14
14
Chechens
31 799 15
15
Tadjiks
25 657 16
16
Bashkirs
23 224 17
17
Moldavians
19 458 18
18
Ingush
16 893 19
19
Mordvins
16 147 20
20
Armenians
14 758 21
21
Greeks
12 703 22
22
Kirghiz
10 896 23
23
Bulgarians
6 915 24
24
Lezghins
4 616 25
25
Turkmans
1 729 26
26
Other nationalities
TOTAL
166 342
14 953 126
Conclusion
According to data of 2005 on June 1st, there live 15074800 people in
Kazakhstan. In our country the problem of international relations remained from the collapsed
Soviet Union which couldn't solve a problem of the nations. The president having created the
new state according to the changed circumstance, has put on a daily routine necessity of a
direction of improvement and formation of new relations system for a society. The Kazakhstan
scientists having investigated experience concerning to the World problem of the nations
searched for ways of the decision of problems in Kazakhstan which have national, religious
features. In Soviet Union the old concept, named formation of a new society of "the Soviet
people" with the help "experience of a boiling in one pan", was unprofitable for Kazakhstan. It
could aggravate international contradictions. A government of Kazakhstan considering
experience of other countries, searched for decision ways. The assembly of the people of
Kazakhstan has been created for the decision of these problems. In 2003 on December 23rd, in
10th sessions of Assembly of the people of Kazakhstan N.A.Nazarbayev in the report has
underlined: "When we have told that the most important achievement of our country is the
agreement of international relations, the peace and stability in our native land, it is not only truth.
Non-government Slavic organizations in Kazakhstan: Republican movement of Slavs
"Harmony", «the Union of Cossacks of steppes», «Association of Russian in Kazakhstan», «the
Union of Cossacks of Semirechja», a society of Germans of "Vidergeburt", «Association of
Koreans in Kazakhstan», the Chechen-Ingush national- cultural center "Vainah", Jewish
"Aleph", Azerbaijan "Hazar", Ukrainian "Vatra", tatar-bashkir "Tan", Armenian "Van",
Belorussian "Byelorussian", Tadjik "Parviz", Polish "Pole", "the Center of dungan" and the
national-cultural center of Uigurs unconditionally worked for strengthening trust and friendship
between the nations. These named organizations and the national-cultural centers having highly
appreciated president works of strengthening international relations and stability preservations in
the country, actively supported N.Nazarbayev in a choice for president election [9]. The nations
which live in Kazakhstan, consider Kazakhstan as the native land. Let’s give attention to this
data.
As we see from the data, a number has increased not only Kazakhs which consider
Kazakhstan as the native land, but also a number Russian and other nations has considerably
increased in comparison in 2001. As a result of confidence of the future and satisfactions in the
past there is noticed formation of spirit of fatherland and
On a question "Do you consider Kazakhstan as the native land?"
Kazakhstan Kazakhs
nations
year
2001
I consider
98,4 98,5
80,1 92,9
75,5 96,3 I
do
not
consider
1,9 1,1 8,6
6,9
13,9
2,7 I find it
difficult to
answer 0,5
0,4
11,3
0,2
10,6
1,0
Russians
2005
2001
Other nations
2005
2001
2005
Kazakhstan nations Kazakhs Kazakhs 2001 Russians 2005 2001 2005 2001 2005 I
consider 98,4 98,5 80,1 92,9 75,5 96,3 I do not consider 1,9 1,1 8,6 6,9 13,9 2,7 I find it difficult
to answer 0,5 0,4 11,3 0,2 10,6 1,0
№ Ethnic structure Number 1 Kazakhs 7 985 039 2 Russian 4 479 618 3 Ukrainians 547
052 4 Uzbeks 370 663 5 Germans 353 441 6 Tatars 248 952 7 Uigurs 210 339 8 Byelorussians
111 926 9 Koreans 99 657 10 Azerbaijani 78 295 11 Pole 47 297
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