2010
TEAM 6
Emmanuel | Saúl |
Miguel | Lorena
[THE MOST IMPORTANT SKILLS
OF THE TOEFL BOOK]
Here you could find the skills number 14 – 15 – 24 – 25 in where you can
reaffirm the topics.
PARALLEL STRUCTURES WITH
COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
SKILL 14
The job of the coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or) is to join together equal expressions. In
other word, what is on one side of these words must be parallel to what is in the other side.
These conjunctions can join nouns, or verbs, or adjectives, or phrases, or clauses; they just
must join together the same structures. Here are examples of equal structures correctly
joined by coordinate conjunctions

Parallel Structure with coordinate conjunctions.
+ (Same structure) AND, BUT, OR (Same structure)
+ (Same structure), (Same structure), AND, BUT, OR (Same structure)
Exercise:
1. My sister not only gives the dog treats but she also brushes him twice a day.
2. Either people go to pet stores to buy a pet or just to enjoy looking at the animals.
3. A few precautions can make using a power saw both simple and with safety.
4. Not only does Sam expect a good return on his investment but also an increase in the
stock's value.
5. She is either buying a new house or she will rent an apartment for a year.
6. The mail carrier will allow neither ice nor will she allow snow to keep her from delivering
the mail on time.
7. The advertisement promised both satisfaction and it promised success.
8. Not only are you wrong, but also reckless.
9. In this part of the country either it is always raining or snowing.
10. Al's new car not only provided a luxurious ride but also superior gas mileage.
Answers:
1. My sister not only gives the dog treats but also brushes him twice a day.
2.
People go to pet stores either to buy a pet or just to enjoy looking at the animals.
or
Either people go to pet stores to buy a pet, or they go just to enjoy looking at the animals.
3. A few precautions can make using a power saw both simple and safe.
4.
Sam expects not only a good return on his money but also an increase in the stock's value.
or
Not only does Sam expect a good return on his money, but he also expects an increase in the stock's
value.
5.
She
is
either
buying
a
new house or renting an apartment
or
Either she is buying a new house, or she is renting an apartment for a year.
for
a
year.
6. The mail carrier will allow neither ice nor snow to keep her from delivering the mail on time.
7. The advertisement promised both satisfaction and success.
8.
9.
You
not
only
or
Not only are you wrong, but you are also reckless.
this
part
of
wrong
but
also
the country, it is always either raining
or
In this part of the country, either it is always raining or it is (always) snowing.
10.
In
are
reckless.
or
snowing.
Al's new car not only provided a luxurious ride but also provided superior gas mileage.
or
Al's new car provided not only a luxurious ride but also superior gas mileage.
SKILL 15
PARALLEL STRUCTURES WITH PAIRED CONJUNTIONS.
The paired conjunctions both…….and, either…..or, neither……nor,
and not only…. But also require parallel structures.
Examples;
+
+
+
+
+
The lecture was both informative and enjoyable.
Either the history exam or the physics exam is on Tuesday.
The following is not parallel and must be corrected:
They want either to play tennis or golf*.
It is not correct because to play tennis is not parallel to golf. It can be corrected in
different ways.
+ They want either to play tennis or to play golf.
+ They want to play either tennis or golf.
PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNTIONS.
Both
Either (same structure) or
Neither
Not only
Exercise:
And
(Same structure)
Nor
But also
SKILL 24
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
USE OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns
Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Adjectives examples
+ It is delicious meal. | The adjective delicious describe the noun meal.
+ It is delicious. | The adjective delicious describe the pronoun it.
Adverbs examples
+ He writes letters quickly | the adverb quickly describes the verb writes.
+ It is quickly written letter | the adverb quickly describes the adjective written.
+ It is an extremely quickly written letter | the adverb extremely describes the adverb
quickly, which describes the adjective written.
Exercise:
+ Write down the correct form of the word in brackets (adjective or adverb).
slow
1.
Tom is (slow)
2.
Sue is a (careful)
3.
The dog is (angry)
4.
He acted (excellent)
. He works
slow ly
.
girl. She climbed up the ladder
. It barks
. He's an
.
actor.
.
5.
They learn English (easy)
. They think English is an
6.
Max is a (good)
7.
It's (awful)
8.
Dogs rely on their noses as they can smell (extreme / good)
singer. He sings
cold today. The cold wind is
food smell so (terrible)
9.
language.
.
.
. If that is true, why does dog
?
The little boy looked (sad)
. I went over to comfort him and he looked at me
.
10. I tasted the soup (careful)
Skill 25
but it tasted (wonderful)
.
ADJECTIVES AFTER LINKING VERBS
Generally an adverb will come directly after a verb because the adverb is describing the
verb.
Sally sat silently waiting for somebody else to speak first.
In this example the verb sat is followed by the adverb silently – because silently is referring to the
verb SAT.
But now we remember that we are talking about Linking verbs; here we must be very
careful, because a Linking verb is followed by an adjective.
The cake tastes good.
V ADJ.
In this example the linking verb taste is followed by the adjective good – because good describes the
CAKE.
We have to be careful because we can have a linking verb followed by an adverb,
provided we have directly an adjective.
He seems unusually nice.
The adjective nice, which describes the subject he, the adverb describes the adjective that follows.
The linking verbs
To appear
To be
To become
To feel
To get
To go
To grow
To look
To prove
To remain
To seem
To smell
To sound
To stay
To taste
To turn
Adjectives & Adverbs after verbs
Subject + regular verb + adverb
A regular verb is followed by an adverb.
Subject + linking verb + adjective
The adjective describes the subject.
Subject + linking verb + adverb + adjective
The adjective describes subject, the adverb describes the adjective.
Exercises
+ Choosing the Right Modifier. Underline the correct form in each of the sentences below.
1. Tom sounded (angry, angrily) when he spoke to me.
2. Under the heavy blanket I stayed (warm, warmly) all night.
3. The apple pie smells (good, well).
4. The musician sounded his trumpet (loud, loudly).
5. Mrs. Barnes works (good, well) with many people.
6. Bill looks (tired, tiredly) after his ordeal.
7. The peach ice cream tasted (good, well) on that hot night.
8. Have you played the game of smelling several substances (careful, carefully) and then
identifying them?
9. The campers stayed (cozy, cozily) by the fire all night.
10. I've learned to identify fabrics blindfolded by feeling them (careful, carefully).
11. The little girl looked (cautious, cautiously) to the right and left.
12. Bob has a hot temper, but he never remains (angry, angrily) very long.
13. Karen tasted the hot chili (careful, carefully).
14. The children seem (restless, restlessly) today.
15. Ann seems (anxious, anxiously) about her grade on the test.
16. Don always seems (angry, angrily) when he's teased about his nickname.
17. After reading by the fire, Ken became very (sleepy, sleepily).
18. The robbery suspect seemed (uneasy, uneasily) when he was questioned.
19. Pam always remains (calm, calmly) under pressure.
20. I looked (uneasy, uneasily) at the judges.
http://www.sinclair.edu/centers/tlc/pub/handouts_worksheets/grammar_punctuation_writing/adjectives_with
_linking_verbs.pdf
http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/adverbexercise.htm