Auxiliary Material for
The seasonality of the climate response to land use and land
cover change over monsoon Asia as simulated by the
Community Earth System Model (CESM)
Zhongfeng Xu1,2, Rezaul Mahmood3, Zong-Liang Yang1,4, Congbin Fu5,2,1, Hua Su4
1 RCE-TEA, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
2 The Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing
University, China
3 Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling
Green, Kentucky, USA
4 Department of Geological Sciences, The Jackson School of Geosciences, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
5 Institute for Climate and Global Change Research & School of Atmospheric
Sciences, Nanjing University, China
Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres
Introduction
This Word file “LULCC_SupplementalTables.docx” includes four tables: The first
showed changes in leaf area index (LAI) induced by land use and land cover change
(LULCC). The changes in LAI were derived from potential vegetation cover
[Ramankutty and Foley, 1999] and current vegetation cover data. The second was
same as the first except for changes in the land surface albedo induced by the LULCC.
The correlation coefficients between surface air temperature (T2m) and various
variables over north China-east Mongolian (NCEM) were given in the third table.
Table 4 showed the LULCC-induced fractional changes (CurVeg-PotVeg) in the area
of the standard deviation of T2m at the significance level of 0.05 over the NCEM
region.
Below are figure captions to accompany Supplementary Figures S1-S8
Figure S1 Climatological 850-hPa wind vectors (m s-1) and sea level pressure
(hPa) for the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, CESM simulations, and their differences.
The red, blue, and purple arrows denote the change in zonal wind, meridional
wind, and both of them that reach the significance level of 0.05, respectively. The
differences between CESM and NNRP for both zonal and meridional winds have a
field significance level of 0.05.
Figure S2 The climatological mean annual cycle of Tmax, Tmin, and DTR
averaged over India and eastern China for the NNRP data and CurVeg experiment.
The open circles indicate differences that reach the significance level of 0.05.
Only the grid cells over land with surface pressures higher than 850 hPa were
included in the statistics.
Figure S3. Annual cycle of (a) the climatological mean absorbed solar radiation
at the land surface in W m-2, (b) the top 10-cm soil moisture in kg m-2 in India
(10–30°N, 70–90°E). Only the grid cells over land with surface pressures higher
than 850 hPa were included in the statistics. The open circles indicate differences
that reach the significance level of 0.05.
Figure S4 Frequency distribution of the anomalies in the daily mean air
temperature (Tave, °C), daily maximum temperature (Tmax), and daily minimum
temperature (Tmin) at 2 meters in spring (March-April-May), summer
(June-July-August), autumn (September-October-November), and winter
(December-January-February). The anomalies were computed with respect to
the climatological mean in the PotVeg experiment. Each grid cell over India (10–
30°N, 70–90°E) with surface pressure higher than 850 hPa was included in the
statistics.
Figure S5 Same as in Figure S4 except for eastern China (20–40°N, 105–125°E).
Figure S6. Annual cycle of the 60-year mean precipitation (in mm d-1) in the
PotVeg experiment (a, b), changes in the absolute precipitation (c, d), and percent
changes in the precipitation (e, f) as a function of latitude. The precipitation is
averaged over the (a, c, e) Indian sector (70°–90°E) and (b, d, f) eastern China
sector (105–120°E), respectively. The shaded areas denote the changes that
reach the significance level of 0.05. The changes in the precipitation did not reach
the field significance level of 0.05 in either the Indian or eastern China sector.
Only the grid cells over land were included in the statistics.
Figure S7. As in Figure 5 but for summer and winter. The changes in the zonal
and meridional winds did not reach the field significance level of 0.05 in either
season.
Figure S8 Climatological mean soil water in the top 10 cm (SW10) in (a) autumn
and (b) winter. LULCC-induced changes in SW10 (kg m-2) in (c) autumn and (b)
winter. The shaded area denotes that the difference reaches the significance level
of 0.05.
The changes in SW10 did not reach the field significance level of 0.05.
Reference
Ramankutty, N., and J. A. Foley (1999), Estimating historical changes in global
land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 13(4),
997–1027.