Name
.
Chapter 14: Section 1, pp. 430-440
Read the definitions below. Write the term
that matches the definition on the blank in
the left column.
Kinetic theory
An explanation of how particles in matter behave
Melting point
The temperature at which a solid begins to turn into
a liquid
Heat of fusion
The amount of energy needed to change a
substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point
Boling point
The temperature at which the pressure of the vapor
in a liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on
the surface of the liquid
Heat of vaporization
The amount of energy needed for a liquid at its
boiling point to become a gas
Sublimation
The change from a solid to a gas without the liquid
state
Plasma
Matter consisting of positively and negatively
charged particles
Thermal expansion
An increase in the size of a substance when
temperature is increased
Word Bank:
Melting point
Heat of vaporization
Sublimation
Boiling point
Thermal expansion
Plasma
Kinetic theory
Melting point
Complete the outline as you read about the states of matter.
I found this
on page:
p. 433
States of Matter
A. Solid
1. Example ice
2. Particle kinetic energy unable to overcome their
attractions to each other
3. Particle behavior closely packed together
4. Other fact(s) most have geometric arrangement,
chemical and physical properties often due to
geometric arrangement
B. Liquid
1. Example water
2. Particle kinetic energy enough to partially
overcome attractive force
3. Particle behavior can slide past each other
4. Other fact(s) liquids can flow and take the shape
of their container
C. Gas
1. Example water vapor
2. Particle kinetic energy enough to partially
overcome attractive force
3. Particle behavior can spread far apart to fill their
container
4. Other fact(s) do not have a fixed volume or shape
D. Plasma
1. Example stars
2. Particle kinetic energy high collision forces strip
electrons from atoms
3. Particle behavior positively and negatively
charged particles
4. Other fact(s) overall charge is neutral, most
common state of matter in the universe
Sequence the kinetic energy, temperature, and density of most solids,
liquids, and gases. Use 1 to represent the lowest amount and 3 to
represent the highest.
Constant
Kinetic energy
Temperature
Density
Solid
1
1
3
Section 2; pp. 441-446
Liquid
2
2
2
Gas
3
3
1
Section 3; pp. 447-451
Define:
Temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the
particles in an object
.
Units of Measurement:
SI unit - Kelvin: Zero on the Kelvin scale is the coldest possible
temperature (absolute 0), roughly equal to -273˚C, Kelvin
temperature can be found by adding 273 to the Celcius reading, so
water freezes at 273 and boils at 373˚
Celcius: water freezes at 0˚ and boils at 100˚
Boyle’s law
decreasing the volume of a container at a constant
temperature increases the pressure
PiVi = PfVf
.
Charles law the volume of a gas increases with increasing with
increasing temperature at a constant pressure
.
Vi = Vf
Ti = Tf
A 4.0-L balloon at room temperature (20.0˚C) is placed in a
refrigerator at 1.0 ˚C. What is the volume of the balloon after it cools
in the refrigerator?
Vi = Vf
Ti = Vf
4.0 L = x
;x=
20.0˚C 1.0˚C