CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
OCTOBER15
ASSESSMENT_CODE BJ0056_OCTOBER15
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
15298
QUESTION_TEXT
What are the salient features of the Wildlife Protection Act?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
The salient features are:
*The Act is applicable all over India except Jammu and Kashmir
which has its own wildlife act.
*Hunting of any scheduled animal is prohibited. Exceptions are mice,
rats, common crow and fruit bats.
*According to this Act, hunting also includes capturing and trapping a
wild animal.
*Schedule I and part 2 of Schedule II provide absolute protection to
the species listed therein. Offences under these are prescribed the
highest penalties.
*Species listed in schedules III and IV are also protected, but the
penalties are much lower.
*Schedule V includes animal which may be hunted.
*The plants listed in Schedule VI are prohibited from cultivation.
QUESTION_T
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
YPE
QUESTION_I
73122
D
QUESTION_T How can an individual contribute towards the conservation of the environment and its
resources. List the steps that can be taken towards this goal?
EXT
SCHEME OF
EVALUATIO
N
The main reasons for the depletion of resources are greed and ignorance on part of
human beings. Conservation of natural resources can be done by using resources at
a slower rate so that we leave enough for future generations. Environmental
protection as a whole can be brought through conceptual realignment between our
desire for wastefull exploitation of natural resources and their judicious utilization for
sustainable development. Education can make people aware of the environment and
the problems associated with it. Parents and teachers need to ensure that from
childhood the right values are inculated in the future generations.
Reduce, reuse, recycle:
The role of each individual human is important for collective action to save the
planet and its resources before it is too late. Each individual needs to adopt
sustainable ways and propagate the same around him or her. The principle or reduce,
reuse, recycle needs to be followed for which people need to change their attitude.
That is discard the use and throw mentality and adopt an eco-friendly lifestyle. Some
of the steps that an individual can take:
Reduce:
Buy less: before buying a product one must think if it is really necessary in other
words, think before you buy. This is because the production of each item has an
impact on the environment in terms of resources used in making it. Also when it is
discarded it adds to the waste and its disposal has an impact on the environment.
Many items especially electronics, batteries etc have toxic chemicals which are
hazardous.
Say no to disposable items; as much as possible avoid disposable items like
Styrofoam plates and cups, use and throw pens, razors, paper napkins. Instead use
reuseable products.
Buy and sell used products: buying and selling second hand items like books,
furniture, electronics saves the earths resources and the consumers money. These
can be brought from local sellers or through the internet.
Save fuel: avoid the use of car for travelling short distance. Use public transport as
much as possible
Reduce the use and wastage of water: avoid long showers, use bucket for bathing.
Reuse: many of the products we discard and throw away can be directly or indirectly
in some other way. For example plastic containers can be used for storing food items,
bottles can be used to store water, while old clothes can be given away to charity or
used to make shopping bags or mops etc.
Here are several ways to reuse:

Donate household items like clothes, furniture, dishes etc

Buy and sell used books an d magazines or donate to libraries

Buy long-lasting and durable products

There are NGOs, food banks and magazines or donate to libraries
Recycle:

Kitchen waste such as fruits and vegetables peels and garden waste like
leaves can be composted in a pit or bin to make manure

Recycle electronics such as mobiles.many companies have takeback
schemes or drop-off facilities, where old mobile phones can be given away
for recycling.

Reuse water: collect rainwater and use it for watering plants or washing car.
Soapy water from the washing machine can be used for mopping floors and
washing cars.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
73123
QUESTION_TEXT
What are the impact of modern agriculture?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
With the growing population, the demand for food has also increased. This
would have required additional land for cultivation, leading to large-scale
deforestration, soil erosions, greenhouse gas emissions and losses of bio
diversity. However the capacity to increase the amount of cultivable land to
grow more food is limited as most of the cultivable agricultural land is already
being cultivated. In other words food production had to be increasd on the
same cultivable land.
A number of scientific methods and technique were introduced during the
1960 s and thereafter which led to improvements in productivity without
considerably expanding the land under cultivation.
In india between 1961 ad 1998 population increased by 117 per cent and food
supplies per capita grew 19 percent and india became a net grain exporter.
The area under crops increased by only 5 percent.
The following are the major scientific inputs behind increased food productivity:
High-yielding varities of seed: these hybrid varities of seeds helped increase
global yields for all cereals, the grain that are grown on 45 percent of the worlds
cropland. Cereal yields went up by 126 percent between 1961 and 1998
Irrigation: it has been estimated irrigating the land on average, triples its
productivity.
Chemical fertilizers: the use of fertilizers has in cases, doubled yields.
Mechanization: the use of tractors for plugging etc reduced the need for human
and animal labor on the farm, thus cutting costs. It also reduced the need to
cultivate additional land for fodder.
Pesticides: the use of pesticides reduced the loss of crop significantly.
Thus it is clear that modern farming with the use of technology and industrial
inputs like fertilizers and pesticides has become extremely productive.
However these methods have also led to a variety of economic, environmental
and social problems. water bodies like rivers and streams have been
diverted for agriculture, which is harming many aquatic species. With the
excessive use of fertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers get into
the soil and water and affect various ecosystems. Mechanization has increased
the dependence on fossil fuels and increased the use of energy in agriculture.
More than 99 percent of pesticides are wasted and end up polluting the soil, air
and water.
Another modern trend in agriculture is the practice of
specialized production of a single crop to the international market rather than
multiple cropping and crop rotation which also kept the soil fertile. Single
cropping has increased the risk of crop failure due to pest outbreak or poor
rainfall. To safeguard against this more chemical pesticides and irrigation are
required and to maintain the soil fertility, farmers depend on high inputs of
chemical fertilizers.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
124533
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain the concept of Ecological Pyramids and also their types
1.
Developed by Charles Elton (1 Mark)
2.
Pyramid of Number (3 Marks)
SCHEME OF EVALUATION 3.
Pyramid of Biomass (3 Marks)
4.
Pyramid of Energy (3 Marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
124534
QUESTION_TEXT
Describe and Categorize MSW on the basis of its source of
generation.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
1.
Domestic Wastes (2 ½ Marks)
2.
Commercial Wastes (2 ½ Marks)
3.
Institutional Wastes
4.
Industrial Solid Wastes (2 ½ Marks)
(2 ½ Marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
124535
QUESTION_TEXT
What are the main uses of forests?
1. Timber
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
2. Fuel
3. Shelter
4. Food
5. Paper
6. Forest products
(Any five 2 X 5 = 10 marks)