Word
alleles
Example or Picture
Definition
An allele is an
alternative form of a
gene (one member of a
pair) that is located at
a specific position on a
specific chromosome.
Sentence/Notes
Word
Gregor Mendel
Example or Picture
The tongue curling allele
is dominant.
Word
Definition
Gregor Mendal discovered
the basic principle of
genetics while growing
peas in his garden.
Word
Independent
Assortment
genes (unit factors) for
different traits are
randomly sorted into
gametes
dominant
Example or Picture
Sentence/Notes
The law of independent
assortment means just
because you got one trait
from your mother does not
always mean you would get
another trait from your
mother.
Example or Picture
---- ---- ----
Definition
An austrian monk who
experimented with pea
plants in the 19th
century and provided the
first detailed
experiments of how traits
are passed down from an
individual to their
Sentence/Notes
offspring
Definition
a trait or gene which is
expressed even if only
one copy is present
Sentence/Notes
Traits that show up more
often are called dominant
traits. When doing
Punnett Squares the
Dominant gene is
represented by a capital
letter.
Word
Definition
Word
Definition
recessive
a trait or gene which is
expressed only if two
copies (both alleles) are
present
genotype
the underlying genes that
an organism has, the
genetic make up
Sentence/Notes
Example or Picture
Sentence/Notes
Example or Picture
Traits that show up less
often are called
recessive traits. In a
Punnett Square the
recessive genes are
represented by small
letter.
Word
An individuals genotype
funtions as a set of
instructions for growth
and development. Remember
genotype contains “g” for
genes and is basically
what genesDefinition
you have for a
trait.
phenotype
the characteristic that
can be seen (caused by an
underlying genotype)
Example or Picture
Sentence/Notes
The phenotype is what an
individual looks like.
Phenotype is the physical
characteristics of an
individual. Remember,
phenotype has a “p” for
physical characteristics.
Word
Definition
Word
locus
the location of a gene on
a chromosome
heterozygous
Sentence/Notes
We studied heterozygous
traits in class today.
Many genes are
heterozygous, and the
dominant trait is
expressed
Word
Definition
Word
codominance
when two alleles can both
be expressed, neither is
dominant to the other
(like A and B in human
blood types)
homozygous
Codominance is when both
genes are expressed. For
example, red flower x
white flower = offspring
that are red with white
stripes.
when an individual has
two different alleles at
a gene locus
Sentence/Notes
The locus is the specific
site of a particular gene
on its chromosome.
Sentence/Notes
Definition
Definition
when an individual has
two copies of the same
allele
Sentence/Notes
If both genes are the
same, the organism is
homozygous for the trait.
Word
Definition
Word
natural
selection
The process whereby
organisms better adapted
to their environment tend
to survive and produce
more offspring.
evolution
Sentence/Notes
Originally proposed by
Charles Darwin, natural
selection is the process
that results in the
evolution of organism.
Word
prokaryote
Definition
Prokaryotes are organisms
made up of cells that
lack a cell nucleus or
any membrane-encased
organelles. Scientists
have divided the
prokaryotes into two
groups, the Bacteria and
Sentence/Notes
the Archaea.
the genetic material DNA
in prokaryotes is not
bound within a nucleus.
the DNA is less
structured in prokaryotes
than in eukaryotes. In
prokaryotes, DNA is a
single loop.
Definition
Change in the genetic
composition of a
population during
successive generations,
as a result of natural
selection acting on the
genetic variation among
individuals
Sentence/Notes
Genetic variation brings
about evolution.
Evolution brings about
the development of new
species.
Word
Definition
chromosome
a relativley large
segment of DNA containing
many genes
Example or Picture
Sentence/Notes
Most people have 23 pairs
of chromosomes, and you
received half your
chromosomes from your
mother and the other half
from your father.
Word
Definition
Word
DNA
A double-stranded nucleic
acid that contains the
genetic information for
cell growth, division,
and function.
commensalism
Sentence/Notes
DNA is found in the
cytoplasm of prokaryotic
cells, and chiefly in the
nucleus of eukaryotic
cells. DNA is composed of
two strands that twist
together to form a helix.
Word
Exponential
Growth
Definition
Growth of a system in
which the amount being
added to the system is
proportional to the
amount already present:
the bigger the system is,
the greater the increase
Sentence/Notes
In everyday speech,
exponential growth means
runaway expansion, such
as in population growth.
Definition
a class of relationship
between two organisms
where one organism
benefits without
affecting the other
Sentence/Notes
Commensalism is a form of
symbiosis that benefits
one species and doesn’t
affect the other.
Word
mutualism
Definition
a class of relationship
where both organisms
benefit
Sentence/Notes
An example of mutualism
is show in this picture
where the butterfly gets
food and the flower gets
pollinated.
Word
passive
transport
active
transport
Definition
Word
transcription
Sentence/Notes
Definition
It is the process of
transcribing or making a
copy of genetic
information stored in a
DNA strand into a
complementary strand of
RNA (messenger RNA or
mRNA) with the aid of RNA
Sentence/Notes
polymerases.
In prokaryotes
transcription occurs in
the cytoplasm whereas in
eukaryotes it takes place
primarily in the nucleus.
Word
Definition
Word
mitosis
the process by which a eukaryotic
cell replicates its DNA and divides
into two identical cells
Codon
Sentence/Notes
Definition
A set of three adjacent
nucleotides, also called
triplet, in mRNA that
base-pair with the
corresponding aniticodon
of tRNA molecule that
carries a particular
amino acid
Sentence/Notes
Some amino acids are
coded for by more than
one codon, and some
codons do not signal a
particular amino acid but
rather signal a stop to
protein synthesis.
Word
Definition
innate
Word
vascular
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Definition
Definition
gymnosperm
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Word
Definition
angiosperm
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Definition
DNA
Word
bioaccumulation
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stem cell
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Definition
carbon cycle
Sentence/Notes
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Definition
exponential
growth
Word
logistic
growth
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Definition
Definition
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Definition
gametes
Sentence/Notes
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Word
Definition
nucleic acids
Word
lipids
Sentence/Notes
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Definition
Definition
anaerobic
Sentence/Notes
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meiosis
Sentence/Notes
Definition
the process that produces haploid
reproductive cells in eukaryotes
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Definition
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