Mr. B: Health 2
Today’s Objectives
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Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Notes
Describe the process of fertilization and implantation.
Identify the two structures that form outside the embryo.
List the 3 stages of embryonic and fetal development.
Describe the major changes that occur in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters.
Identify 2 major nutrients needed for a healthy pregnancy.
Describe how alcohol can impact fetal development.
List and describe the 3 steps to childbirth.
Lesson 1: Prenatal Development and Care
Big Idea: As a ___________________ develops during pregnancy, special care needs to be taken to ensure the fetus and mother remain
healthy.
The Very Beginning
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Main Idea: A single cell, formed from one ______________ and one ______________, can grow into a complex human being.
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The human body begins as one microscopic cell that is formed by ____________________, also known as _________________.
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Def: The union of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell
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The cell that results from fertilization is called a ________________________.
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The zygote begins to ____________________ and travel through the ________________________ tube.
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Within a few days, _____________________ occurs.
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After about two weeks, the zygote becomes an __________________.
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Def: A cluster of _______________ that develops between the ____________ and ____________ week of pregnancy
The embryo is called a ________________ after about eight weeks.
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Def: The process by which the zygote attaches to the ______________________ wall
Def: Group of developing cells
The Growing Embryo
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Eventually, the embryo forms three layers of ____________________.
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One layer becomes the _________________ and __________________ systems.
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A second layer develops into ______________, _________________, blood vessels, and _______________.
Mr. B: Health 2
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Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Notes
The third layer forms the _____________________ system, sense organs, and mouth.
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The ____________ __________ is a thin, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the developing embryo.
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The _______________ ______________ is a ropelike structure that connects the fetus with the mother’s placenta.
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The ______________________ is thick, blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and
nourishes the embryo.
Mr. B: Health 2
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Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Notes
Multiple Births
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In most cases, fertilization results in _________________ embryo.
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__________, triplets, and quadruplets, known as multiple births, can result when multiple embryos are formed.
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Identical Twins – Single ________________ that splits into two separate embryos. Identical traits and the same gender
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________________ Twins - Two _____________ are released and are fertilized by two different _______________.
Can be different genders.
A healthy Pregnancy
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Main Idea: A pregnant female can maintain the health of her fetus in many different ways.
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Seeing a ___________________ regularly throughout the pregnancy will provide a new _____________ with the care
and nutritional advice she needs.
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A pregnant woman needs _______________ care to ensure her health and that of her growing baby.
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Def: The steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own health and the health of her baby
What to Eat While Pregnant
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Pregnant females are encouraged to take prenatal ______________________ to provide a balance of nutrients.
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________________ helps build bones and teeth, nerves, muscles, and heart.
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________________ helps form muscle and other tissue.
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________________ makes red blood cells and supplies ___________________ to cells.
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Vitamin ___________ helps in the growth of cells and bones and in eye development.
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Vitamin ___________ complex aids in forming the nervous system.
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______________ _____________ is critical in development of central nervous system.
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Females at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant can gain between _______ and _______ pounds during
pregnancy.
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Fitness During Pregnancy
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Physical activity can help a pregnant female maintain a healthy _________________ during pregnancy.
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Before starting any ________________ program, an expectant mother should discuss the importance of exercise and
exercise programs with her health care provider.
A Healthy Fetus
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Main Idea: Expectant mothers should avoid ___________________, alcohol, __________________, and environmental hazards.
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An expectant mother should avoid substances that can harm her and her fetus.
Avoiding Tobacco Use
Mr. B: Health 2
Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Notes
o Exposure to ____________________ smoke increases the risk of having a low-birth-_______________ baby.
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Smoking may also affect _____________, mental development, and ____________________ after a child is born.
Avoiding Alcohol Use
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Fetal alcohol syndrome can cause ________________, memory, and ________________ problems, as well as visual
and hearing impairments.
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Def: A group of alcohol-related birth defects that includes both physical and mental problems
Avoid Drug Use
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______________________ or over-the-counter medications should be used only with the approval of a doctor or other
health care professional.
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In some cases, drug use may lead to the _________________ birth of the infant, or even a __________________.
Avoid Hazards in the Environment
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A pregnant female should avoid these common hazardous substances in the environment.
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________________, ___________________, smog, and radiation
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Activities such as painting or using lead-based products should be avoided or done carefully during pregnancy.
Complications of Pregnancy
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Main Idea: A pregnancy may have an unexpected outcome.
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Most pregnancies result in the birth of a healthy baby.
The complications of pregnancy can result in
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a _____________________ delivery, made through an incision in the mother’s abdomen.
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______________________ birth, at least three weeks before the due date.
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miscarriage, the spontaneous ____________________ of a fetus before the twentieth week of pregnancy.
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Gestational __________________, or high blood pressure during pregnancy, may occur after the twentieth week of pregnancy.
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A severe form of this is __________________________.
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An ___________________ pregnancy results when a zygote implants not in the _______________ but in the fallopian tube,
__________________, _____________________, or cervix.
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This makes it impossible for the fetus to receive ______________________ and grow.
Childbirth
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Main Idea: The birth of a baby takes place in three steps: labor, delivery, and afterbirth.
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Birth Occurs in three steps:
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Expectant parents must decide where the birth will occur.
Step 1: _________________ Step 2: _________________ Step 3: After Birth
Step 1: Labor.
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Muscle ______________________ of the uterus become regular, stronger, and ______________ together.
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This causes the cervix— the opening to the uterus—to __________________, or widen.
Step 2: Delivery.
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Once the cervix is fully dilated, the baby passes through the birth _____________ and emerges from the mother’s body.
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The baby takes its first breath and cries to clear its ____________________ of amniotic fluid.
Step 3: Afterbirth.
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The ___________________ is still attached to the baby by the ______________________ cord.
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Contractions, although weaker, will continue until the placenta (now called the ________________________) is pushed
from the mother’s body.