Chapter 1 and part of 2 worksheet
What is biology? What are some properties associated with living organisms?
Biology=study of life
Adaptation, responding to environment, reproduction, growth and development,
energy processing, regulation, and order
Themes of biology
1. New properties emerge at each level in biological hierarchy
-allow to study life at different levels
-celltissueorganorgan systemanimal
2. Organisms interact with one another and the physical environment
-every organism reacts with its environment
3. Life requires energy transfer and transformation
-can’t do anything without energy
-synergy between plants and animal : photosynthesis and cell respiration
4. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
-birds have hollow wings (Structure) which makes it easier for them to fly.
5. Cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
-lowest level that can perform activities needed for life
-cells=membrane bound, DNA=genetic material
6. The continuity of life is based on heritable info in the form of DNA
-genes code for proteins
-DNA is our heritable info
7. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
-negative feedback=product is down regulated in pathway, product stops pathway
from making more product
-positive feedback=product makes an enzyme upstream work better
What are emergent properties? Give an example
Properties of elements in the compound are not necessarily the properties of the
compound
-sodium is extremely reactive, chlorine gas is poisonous. They come together and
make salt.
What are the two approaches to studying biology?
Reductionism-bring it down to most basic parts
-not big picture but simple components
systems approach=while level analysis, look at final product
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
Hypotheses=testable and falsifiable
Theory=explanation, supported, rejected or modified based on new evidence
Theories can lead to hypotheses to be tested.
Matter- anything that takes up space and has mass
Elements- substance that cannot be broken down any further
Atom-smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
Compound- substance consisting of two or more different elements
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic=no membrane bound organelles, eukaryotes have membrane bound
organelles