Name:
Acids and Bases Workbook 2
Year 11 Science
Ruawai College 2013
Metal hydroxides:


are bases
contain OH-
Metal Oxides:


are bases
some react with water to form hydroxides
Calcium hydroxide forms when calcium oxide is added to water.
CaO
+
H2O

Ca(OH)2
1.
Is calcium hydroxide a base?
2.
Give a reason for your answer to #1.
base
Contains hydroxide ion, OH3.
Is calcium oxide a base?
base
4.
Give a reason for your answer to #3.
Forms hydroxide when added to water
Metal hydroxides and metal oxides have the same chemical properties.
magnesium
hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
+
+
hydrochloric
acid

water
+
magnesium
chloride
2HCl

2H2O
+
MgCl2
In the reaction above:
5.
What is the name and formula of the acid?
Hydrochloric acid, HCl
6.
What is the name and formula of the base?
Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2
7.
What is the name and formula of the salt formed?
Magnesium chloride, MgCl2
8.
What is the name and formula of the other product formed?
Water, H2O
magnesium
oxide
MgO
+
+
hydrochloric
acid

water
+
magnesium
chloride
2HCl

H2O
+
MgCl2
In the reaction above:
9.
What is the name and formula of the acid?
Hydrochloric acid, HCl
10.
What is the name and formula of the base?
Magnesium oxide, MgO
11.
What is the name and formula of the salt formed?
Magnesium chloride, MgCl2
12.
What is the name and formula of the other product formed?
Water, H2O
13.
Write a general word equation for the reaction of an acid and a metal oxide.
metal oxide + acid  metal salt + water
14.
Write a general word equation for the reaction an acid and a metal hydroxide.
metal hydroxide + acid  metal salt + water
Metal carbonates:
 are bases
 form a salt, water and carbon dioxide when they react with acids
Metal hydrogen carbonates:


are bases
form a salt, water and carbon dioxide when they react with acids
copper
+
carbonate
sulfuric
acid

water +
carbon
dioxide
+
copper
sulfate
CuCO3
H2SO4

H2O
CO2
+
CuSO4
+
In the reaction above:
15.
What is the name and formula of the acid?
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4
+
16.
What is the name and formula of the carbonate?
copper carbonate, CuCO3
17.
What is the name and formula of the salt formed?
Copper sulfate, CuSO4
18.
What is the name and formulae of the other products formed?
Water, H2O and carbon dioxide, CO2
lithium
+
hydrogen
carbonate
hydrochloric
acid

water +
carbon
dioxide
+
lithium
chloride
LiHCO3
HCl

H2O
CO2
+
LiCl
+
+
In the reaction above:
19.
What is the name and formula of the acid?
Hydrochloric acid, HCl
20.
What is the name and formula of the carbonate?
Lithium hydrogen carbonate, LiHCO3
21.
What is the name and formula of the salt formed?
Lithium chloride, LiCl
22.
What is the name and formulae of the other products formed?
Water, H2O and carbon dioxide, CO2
23.
Write the general word equation for the reaction of an acid and a carbonate.
carbonate + acid  water + carbon dioxide + salt
24.
Write the general word equation for the reaction of an acid and a hydrogen carbonate.
hydrogen carbonate + acid  water + carbon dioxide + salt
Acid-Carbonate reactions in everyday life:
The acid-carbonate reaction is useful for:
 its neutralising effect
 the production of CO2
Cells in the wall of the stomach produce hydrochloric acid, HCl, to help digest food. If excess acid is
produced, pain can result – this is heartburn. Swallowing an antacid tablet can neutralise the acid.
Antacid tablets contain calcium carbonate, CaCO3, and magnesium carbonate, MgCO3.
25.
HCl
+
CaCO3 
CaCl2
+
H2O
+
CO2
HCl
+
MgCO3 
MgCl2 +
H2O
+
CO2
What is the name and the formula of the acid produced in the stomach to help digest food?
Hydrochloric acid, HCl
26.
What happens when too much of this acid is produced?
You get heartburn
27.
What kind of tablet can be taken to stop the pain caused by too much acid in the stomach?
antacid
28.
What two chemicals do antacid tablets contain?
calcium carbonate, CaCO3, and magnesium carbonate, MgCO3.
29.
What is the formula of calcium carbonate?
CaCO3
30.
What is formed when calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide
31.
What is the formula of magnesium carbonate?
MgCO3.
32.
What is formed when magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
magnesium chloride, water and carbon dioxide
Raising agents such as baking soda create bubbles of carbon dioxide gas in flour mixtures, making
the baking ‘rise’. Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3. When it contacts a weak
acid, such as acid in milk, honey, cocoa or fruit, it gives off CO2.
carbonate
33.
+
acid

salt
+
water +
carbon dioxide
What is a raising agent?
Substance that makes baking rise
34.
What is the formula of sodium hydrogen carbonate?
NaHCO3.
35.
What is produced when sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with a weak acid?
Salt, water and carbon dioxide
36.
Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate used in baking?
Carbon dioxide produced makes baking rise
Geologists carry a small dropper of dilute HCl when they are doing fieldwork. If a rock fizzes when
acid is dropped on it, the rock contains a carbonate (e.g. limestone is calcium carbonate, CaCO3.
carbonate
37.
+
acid

salt
+
water +
carbon dioxide
Why would a rock fizz if acid was put on it?
Contains a carbonate and produces carbon dioxide when reacts with acid
A home-made fizzy drink can be made by mixing a little baking soda with citric acid and adding
water.
sodium hydrogen carbonate

+ acid
salt
+
water +
carbon dioxide
Try this at home.
38.
Write the general word equation for the reaction of an acid and a carbonate.
carbonate
39.
+ acid

salt
+
water +
carbon dioxide
Describe a test for carbon dioxide gas.
Turns limewater cloudy
40.
Complete each of the following word equations for the reaction between an acid and a
carbonate by filling in the missing word and then writing a balanced symbol equation for each
reaction.
a.
nitric +
acid
HNO3 +
sodium carbonate

Na2CO3

sodium + carbon dioxide + water
nitrate
Na2NO3
+ CO2 + H2O
hydrochloric + calcium carbonate  calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water
acid
b.
2HCl
+
CaCO3

CaCl2
+ CO2 +
sulfuric + calcium carbonate  calcium sulfate + carbon dioxide
acid
c.
H 2SO4 +
CaCO3

CaSO4
+ CO2 +
H2O
+ water
H2O
41.
A homemade remedy for indigestion caused by excess stomach acid is to drink a little baking
soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) in water.
a.
Write a word equation for the reaction that occurs.
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate  sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
b.
Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction.
HCl
+
NaHCO3
 NaCl
+
H2O
+ CO2
42.
Formic acid, found in bee stings, formed salts called formates. Name the salt formed when a
bee sting is neutralised with baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate).
Sodium formate
43.
A white metal compound ‘fizzes’ when some dilute hydrochloric acid is added to it. Describe
what sort of substance the white material is likely to be, and give a reason for your answer.
Carbonate
44.
Describe how you could prepare some white crystals of magnesium chloride, starting with
hydrochloric acid and a (white-coloured) carbonate. In your answer, include the following:




which carbonate you would use
what you would do
what you would see
how you would make sure all the hydrochloric acid was neutralised
Hydrochloric acid would need to be neutralised by magnesium carbonate to obtain magnesium
chloride. Add excess magnesium carbonate to hydrochloric acid. You would see bubbles of
carbon dioxide gas produced. When the bubbling stopped, a drop of Universal Indicator staying
green would show that all the acid had been neutralised. Any excess magnesium carbonate could
be removed by filtering. The filtrate would be magnesium chloride, which can be heated to
evaporate off the water, leaving the magnesium chloride.
Exam Question One
The student combines equal volumes of nitric acid solution and sodium carbonate solution. Both
solutions have the same concentration.
Discuss what happens in this reaction. In your answer, you should:





name the type of reaction involved and the ions involved
describe what the student would observe
state the products of the reaction and link these to the observations made
write a word equation for the reaction
write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction

Identification of reaction type:

Acid-base (or acid-carbonate) neutralisation (the carbonate ions react with the H+ ions of
the acidic solution and neutralise the solution).

Description of observations:

Bubbling in the solution /fizzing /effervescence /frothing /foaming Ca2CO3 disappears.

Linking observations to products:

The products are CO2, H2O and a salt. The CO2 gas causes the bubbles /fizzing /etc.

Writing a word equation:

Nitric acid + sodium carbonate  sodium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

Writing a symbol equation:

2HNO3 + Na2CO3  2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2