MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE
The Romanesque cathedral at Vezelay (1100 CE)
This is where Bernard of Clairvaux preached the Second Crusade.
ROMANESQUE
Chartres Cathedral, France (1140 CE)
GOTHIC
Chapter ____, Section _____
LEARNING DURING THE MIDDLE AGES, pages 550-552
I. The First Universities
1. Universities were created by scholars in Italy, France, and England by the early 1000s. One of the most famous of
these universities was _____________________________, founded in England in _________.
2. Universities were created to _______________________________ scholars. In medieval universities, students would
study subjects like grammar, ________________, math, music, and _____________________. Students did not have
____________ because they were rare before the invention of the ________________________________ in the 1400s.
3. After earning their first degree, scholars could earn a doctor’s degree in __________, ________________, or
theology, the study of _________________________________________. This could take 10 years!
II. Who Was Thomas Aquinas?
1. In the 1100s, a new way of thinking called _____________________ changed the study of _________________. These
students used reasoning to explore questions of religion and faith.
2. The most famous of these students was a friar and priest named _______________________________________. He
is best known for combining Church teachings with those of Aristotle. Aristotle’s ideas upset many Christian thinkers
because he used ________________, not ______________, to arrive at his conclusions about the _______________
___________________________.
3. In the 1200s, Thomas Aquinas wrote a book called __________________________________, or a summary of his
knowledge in theology. In this book, he asked “Did God exist?” He also wrote about ________________________, with
an emphasis on the idea of ________________________________. People who believe in natural law think there are
some laws that are part of human nature, not made by ____________________. This idea influences people even today.
III. Medieval Literature
1. During the Middle Ages, most educated people wrote and spoke in _______________. The Church, universities, and
serious authors wrote in Latin.
2. In addition to Latin, each region created local language that was used by everyday people, called
_____________________. This included early versions of _______________, _________________, ________________,
Italian, and German!
3. Heroic epics, such as the Song of Roland, troubadour poetry, and church devotionals called Books of Hours were often
written in the vernacular.