Select Structures from Anatomy Diagrams
Skin:
Epidermis - The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified epithelial tissue.
Dermis – A layer of dense irregular connective tissue lying deep to the epidermis
Subcutaneous layer – a continuous layer of connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue between the dermis
of the skin and the muscles
Dermal Papilla – fingerlike projections of the dermis that may contain capillaries or corpuscles of touch
(pressure sensitive receptors)
Sebaceous Gland – an exocrine (secretes) gland in the dermis of the skin, almost always associated with
a hair follicle that secretes sebum (oil).
Eccrine Gland – sweat glands that secrete fluid containing water and salt onto the surface of skin
Blood Vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to tissues
within the body.
Lungs and Heart:
Superior Vena Cava – Large vein that collects blood from parts of the body superior to the heart and
returns it to the right atrium
Inferior Vena Cava - Large vein that collects blood from parts of the body inferior to the heart and
returns it to the right atrium
Aorta – the main trunk of the arterial system of the body that emerges from the left ventricle
Atrium – A superior chamber of the heart
Ventricle – An inferior chamber of the heart
Pulmonary capillaries – microscopic vessels that receive deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
and return oxygenated blood to the left atrium
Lung – main organs of the respiratory system that lie on either side of the heart in the thoracic cavity,
used for exchange of gases
Digestive system:
Liver – a large gland under the diaphragm. Produces bile and synthesizes most blood proteins; converts
one nutrient into another; detoxifies substances; store glycogen, minerals, and vitamins; carries on
phagocytosis of worn out blood cells and bacteria synthesizes the active form of vitamin D.
Stomach – a J shaped enlargement of the gastrointestinal tract between the esophagus and small intestine.
Gall Bladder – a small pouch located inferior to the liver, that stores bile (emulsifies lipids) and empties
via the cystic duct
Pancreas – an oblong organ lying along the curve of the stomach and is connected to the duodenum
(entrance to small intestine) by a duct. Secretes pancreatic juice (aids in digestion) and insulin.
Small Intestine – long tube of gastrointestinal tract that begins at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and
ends at the large intestine. Consists of three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Large Intestine – portion of gastrointestinal tract that extends from the small intestine to the anus,
consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
Rectum – the last 20 cm of the gastrointestinal tract from colon to anus
Anus – the outlet of the rectum
Bone:
Compact bone – bone tissue that contains few spaces between osteons (see below); forms the external
portion of all bones and the shaft of long bones; is found immediately external to spongy bone.
Spongy bone – bone tissue that consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates of bone; spaces are
filled with red bone marrow; found inside short, flat and irregular bones (also inside the ends of long
bones).
Osteon - the basic unit of structure in adult compact bone, consisting of a central (Haversian) canal with
its concentrically arranged lamella (rings of hard calcified bone), lacunae (hollow space for osteocytes),
osteocytes, and canaliculi (channels that connect lacunae).
Osteocyte – a mature bone cell that maintains daily activity of bone tissue.
Nerve – a cordlike bundle of nerve fibers consisting of axons or dendrites and its associated connective
tissue coursing together outside the central nervous system.