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Study Guide for Evolution Test
Why natural selection acts on phenotypes, not genotypes. A phenotype is a
physical trait. Phenotypes include an organism’s color, body shape, or
behavior.
How natural selection works, and how it can cause an advantageous
(beneficial) trait to become more common in a population
The definition of fitness as it relates to natural selection
The four main lines of evidence of evolution and why they are evidence of
evolution
The three patterns of how natural selection works on polygenic traits. Be
able to recognize the graphs of each, and explain how each one works.
How to figure out genotypes of parents when genotypes of offspring are
known.
Mutations are the main source of variation in populations. They can happen
randomly or from exposure to a mutagen, and even though they do not
happen frequently, they happen constantly (as in, mutations never stop
happening).
Why lethal (deadly) alleles are not always removed from gene pools by
natural selection (I gave you four examples of how this can happen)
How antibiotic resistance works
Why diversity within a species increases the chance that some organisms will
survive
Why a lot of biodiversity increases the chance that some species will survive
a drastic environmental change
Charles Darwin was a naturalist who studied organisms all over the world
and published a book describing how natural selection is the mechanism of
evolution
How isolation can lead to speciation, and the four types of isolation
The three conditions that must be met for natural selection to take place
How genetic drift occurs and the differences between the founder effect and
a bottleneck
How to calculate allele frequency when given the % of homozygotes and
heterozygotes in a population
How scientists believe the dinosaurs died
The names and approximate dates (in MYA/millions of years ago) of the
mass extinctions that have happened on earth
The conditions needed for genetic equilibrium to occur
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