Name:
Date:
Class Period:
You will need to know:

Study Guide for Evolution Test
Why natural selection acts on phenotypes, not genotypes. A phenotype is a
physical trait. Phenotypes include an organism’s color, body shape, or
behavior.

How natural selection works, and how it can cause an advantageous
(beneficial) trait to become more common in a population

The definition of fitness as it relates to natural selection

The four main lines of evidence of evolution and why they are evidence of
evolution

The three patterns of how natural selection works on polygenic traits. Be
able to recognize the graphs of each, and explain how each one works.

How to figure out genotypes of parents when genotypes of offspring are
known.

Mutations are the main source of variation in populations. They can happen
randomly or from exposure to a mutagen, and even though they do not
happen frequently, they happen constantly (as in, mutations never stop
happening).

Why lethal (deadly) alleles are not always removed from gene pools by
natural selection (I gave you four examples of how this can happen)

How antibiotic resistance works

Why diversity within a species increases the chance that some organisms will
survive

Why a lot of biodiversity increases the chance that some species will survive
a drastic environmental change

Charles Darwin was a naturalist who studied organisms all over the world
and published a book describing how natural selection is the mechanism of
evolution

How isolation can lead to speciation, and the four types of isolation

The three conditions that must be met for natural selection to take place

How genetic drift occurs and the differences between the founder effect and
a bottleneck

How to calculate allele frequency when given the % of homozygotes and
heterozygotes in a population

How scientists believe the dinosaurs died

The names and approximate dates (in MYA/millions of years ago) of the
mass extinctions that have happened on earth

The conditions needed for genetic equilibrium to occur