ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Table S1 Sources of interview information on the MTLA program
Information
Affiliation
Date
MTLA database
City of LA
Aug. 12, 2011
LACC database
LACC¹
Aug. 23, 2011
LARPD database,
Park equipment &
vehicle use
LARPD²
Sept. 5, 2011
LARPD database,
Park equipment &
vehicle use
LARPD
Sept. 5, 2011
Street equipment &
vehicle use,
sidewalk damage
LABSS³
Sept. 15, 2011
Street equipment &
vehicle use, green
waste processing
LABSS
Sept. 15, 2011
Yard equipment &
vehicle use
ValleyCrest
Landscape
Maintenance and
Tree Services
Sept. 15, 2011
Water emission
factor
LADWP
June 22, 2011
Dinuba plant
specifications
Dinuba Power plant
Feb. 15, 2010
¹Los Angles Conservation Corp (LACC)
²Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Department (LARPD)
³Los Angeles Bureau of Street Services (LABSS)
4Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP)
Table S2 Emission factors (EF) for fuels (kg CO2/L) used in equipment (HP = horsepower) and vehicles.
Fuel Type
Equipment EF
Gasoline
Diesel
Vehicle EF
2.319
0.150
2.689
Gasoline & Oil
Gasoline 2-stroke (0-25 HP)
0.113
Gasoline 4-stroke (0-50 HP)
0.113
Gasoline 4-stroke (50-120 HP)
0.207
2 % Biodiesel
2.499
Table S3 Equipment used for tree planting and care activities (HP=horsepower, LF = Load Factor)
Street - Type
HP
LF
Fuel
Activities1
Concrete saw
6.5
0.78
Gasoline
PL
Compressor
12
0.56
Gasoline
PL
Chain saw
2
0.7
Gasoline /oil
PR, RM, SW
Chipper
115
0.43
Diesel
PR, RM, SW
Stump grinder
77
0.78
Gasoline
RM
Concrete grinder
6.5
0.78
Gasoline
SW
Generator
12
0.43
Gasoline
SW
Loader
148
0.21
Diesel
SW
Root pruner
85
0.43
Diesel
SW
Loader
259
1,600 hr/yr
Diesel
PL, SW
Screener
265
1,500 hr/yr
Diesel
PL, SW
Crusher
300
1,500 hr/yr
Diesel
PL, SW
Tub grinder
1000
2,600 hr/yr
Diesel
PR, RM, SW
Chain saw
0.5 and 2
0.7
Gasoline /oil
PR
Chain saw
2 and 3
0.7
Gasoline /oil
RM
Chipper
80
0.43
Diesel
PR, RM
Stump grinder
140
0.43
Diesel
RM
Tub grinder
1000
2,600 hr/yr
Diesel
PR, RM
Chain saw
2.1
0.7
Gasoline /oil
PR, RM
Chipper
125
0.43
Diesel
PR, RM
Stump grinder
27
0.78
Gasoline
RM
Tub grinder
1000
2,600 hr/yr
Diesel
RM
Park - Type
Yard - Type
1PL
= plant, ES = establishment, PR = prune,
RM = remove, SW = sidewalk repair
Table S4 Vehicles used for tree planting and care activities
Street - Type
litre 100 km¹
km/tree
Fuel
Activities1
Chevy 2500
15.7
1.93
Gasoline
PL
Ford F-450
19.9
6.44
Gasoline
PL
Ford F-450
19.9
9.66
Gasoline
PL
Ford F-450
19.9
0.97
Gasoline
ES
Chevy C7
29.4
4.02
Gasoline
PR, SW
Chevy 2500
15.7
4.02
Gasoline
PR, SW
Chevy C7
29.4
16.09
Gasoline
PR, RM, SW
Kenworth
58.8
Diesel
PR, RM, SW
Chevy 2500
15.7
16.09
Gasoline
RM
Chevy C7
29.4
1.61
Gasoline
SW
Chevy 2500
15.7
1.61
Gasoline
SW
Freightliner
47.0
16.09
Diesel
SW
Ford F-350
19.6
3.22
Gasoline
PL, ES
GMC C7H042
29.4
1.61
Diesel
PL, ES
Private vehicles
7.8
0.00
Gasoline
PL, ES
Park - Type
Kenworth
58.8
PR, RM
GMC CC4E042
26.1
32.19
Gasoline
PR, RM
GMC C7H042
29.4
32.19
Diesel
PR, RM
Ford F-450
19.9
4.51
Gasoline
PL
Ford F-800
39.2
Diesel
PR, RM
Ford F-250
18.1
Gasoline
PR, RM
Yard - Type
1
13.68
PL = plant, ES = establishment, PR = prune,
RM = remove, SW = sidewalk repair
Table S5 Equations used to calculate CO2 emissions for equipment, vehicle and water
Number
Equation
1
AEE = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 = RTs, z x LFi x HPi x EFi
AEE = annual equipment emissions
RTs, z = hours of run-time (RT) for equipment type i per year for species s and location z
LFs, z = typical load factor (LF) for equipment type i
HPs, z = maximum horsepower (HP) for equipment type i
EFs, z = emissions factor (CO2 emissions per horsepower-hour for fuel type (kg/HP-HR)) for
equipment type i
2
VECi = (d / VFE) x EF
VECi = vehicle emission constant for vehicle type i
D = distance traveled between trees
VFE = vehicle fuel efficiency for vehicle type i
EF = emissions factor for fuel used by vehicle type i
3
AVE = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 = TLTs, z x VECj
AVE = annual vehicle emissions
TLTs, z = total live trees for species s and location z
VECi = vehicle emission constant for vehicle type i
4
IWA = ETt x ETo / IEF
IWA = irrigation water applied
ETt = evapotranspiration (i.e., sum of water losses through evaporation from the soil and transpiration
from the plant)
ETo = reference evapotranspiration (i.e., water loss from a field of 10.2 to 17.8 cm tall cool season
grass that is not water stressed)
IEF = irrigation efficiency (i.e., portion of the total applied irrigation water used primarily to satisfy
plant water needs, losses include runoff and evaporation from wet soil surfaces)
5
ETt = ks x CPAs x 0.62 gals/ft2 –inch
ETt = evapotranspiration
Ks = species coefficient (values range from 0.1 to 0.9)
CPAs = crown projection area for species s (surface area under the tree’s dripline)
6
PHRs, z = PRTs, z x TLTs, z x PTPz x PPAz
PHRs, z = total annual run-time (RT) hours for pruning species s at Street, Park or Yard location z
PRTs, z = RT hours per tree to prune species s and location z with a given dbh
TLTs, z = total live trees for species s and location z
PTPz = percentage of live trees eligible to be pruned
PPAz = percentage of eligible trees pruned annually
7
8
PDWs, z = ADWs, z x PTPz x PPAz x DWRz
PDWs, z = total annual dry weight (DW) of aboveground woody biomass pruned for species s at Street,
Park or Yard location z
ADWs, z = total aboveground biomass for species s at Street, Park or Yard location z
DWRz = percentage of aboveground woody biomass removed from each tree during pruning
RHRs, z = HRTs, z x TDTs, z x PTRz x PRAz
RHRs, z = total annual RT hours for removing species s at Street, Park or Yard location z
HRTs, z = RT hours per tree to remove species s and location z with a given dbh
TDTs, z = total dead trees for species s and location z
PTRz = percentage of dead trees eligible to be removed at Street, Park or Yard location z
PRAz = percentage of eligible trees removed annually at Street, Park or Yard location z
9
SHRs, z = HSTs, z x TDTs, z x PTSz x PSAz
SHRs, z = total annual RT hours for stump grinding species s at Street, Park or Yard location z
HSTs, z = RT hours per tree to grind stump of species s and location z with a given dbh
TDTs, z = total dead trees for species s and location z
PTRz = percentage of dead trees eligible to have stump ground at Street, Park or Yard location z
PSAz = percentage of eligible trees to have stump ground annually at Street, Park or Yard location z
10
RDWs, z = ADW s, z x PTRz x PRAz
RDWs, z = total annual DW of aboveground woody biomass removed annually for species s and
location z
ADWs, z = total aboveground biomass for species s at Street, Park or Yard location z
PTRz = percentage of dead trees eligible to be removed at Street, Park or Yard location z
PRAz = percentage of eligible trees removed annually at Street, Park or Yard location z
Table S6 Estimated fuel inputs (kL) for equipment and vehicles in Street, Yard and Park locations over the 40-year period
Street
Petrol
Street
Petrol
Street
Diesel
Cut Tree Well
7.3
Plant
Park
Petrol
/Oil
Park
Petrol
Park
Diesel
23.1
0.0
0.0
17.1
0.0
0.0
Establish & Water
10.7
0.0
Subtotal
35.1
Prune & Chip
Per Tree
planted
(L)
/Oil
Yard
Petrol
Yard
Diesel
Grand
Total
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.4
0.3
2,183.3
0.0
0.0
20.8
0.0
2,221.2
24.2
0.0
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.8
0.2
23.1
0.0
2,183.3
0.0
0.0
20.8
0.0
2,268.4
27.4
54.5
54.1
1.7
145.7
218.0
0.6
19.4
112.4
606.5
6.6
Process Biomass
12.4
234.3
0.0
0.0
568.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
815.4
8.9
Distribute Mulch
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
Subtotal
67.2
288.4
1.7
146.1
786.7
0.6
19.4
112.4
1,422.5
15.5
Remove & Chip
185.6
268.0
10.1
36.5
69.0
1.2
5.2
143.0
718.5
7.8
Grind Stump
693.5
0.0
0.0
27.4
49.7
0.0
41.3
0.0
811.9
8.8
Process Biomass
110.5
2,200.0
0.0
0.0
223.6
0.0
0.0
36.0
2,570.1
28.0
Distribute Mulch
7.3
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
0.1
Subtotal
996.9
2,468.1
10.1
66.2
342.3
1.2
46.5
178.9
4,110.1
44.8
Plant
Prune
Remove
Sidewalk Repair
Grind
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
Crown and Root
Prune
0.1
9.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.9
0.1
Remove/Replace
Con.
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
Concrete Disposal
1.2
23.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.7
0.3
Biomass Disposal
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.142
0.0
Subtotal
1.5
34.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.7
0.4
1,100.6
2,813.8
11.8
2,401.8
1,129.0
1.8
86.7
291.4
7,836.8
85.4
Grand Total